. pui- best friends turned Pile

Ogruiiaa 29, 193s

FOR FARMERS, STOCK BREEDERS and GARDENERS

_THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

race ELEVEN

I CONSERVATION I

a wean! comma or mac-ricer. onmouaor nu VITAL ISSUES arncrmo ma usss sun amiss; op

NATURAL RESOURCES BY MB. LUDIDW JENKINS.

MAILSHFIILD. m; RESCUE 0F OUR WATEB- fear of what might or w uld ha . ‘II-OWL REMNANTS DLPENDB P?!‘ W i18- Blit presently othe shegr “dmly °I ‘he Bflvne bill be an

sonauz UPON run‘. F-l p? attract iiupport; and the an o;

W“ dslid , OPIJOBHIO; 33m. e and only one

a ‘attainment of bird-protec-

Th

‘on reforms through the Federal From 1920 to 1929 the Chief of “ml-awry Bird Treaty Afr: Is ab- the Biological survey was over. iolutely dependent upgnm e co‘ur- awed and terrorized by the 3111a" me of the Federal A m istrst on. 0 same. and our side gained mu particularly thB three Fedtffll nothing whatever. Chief Nelson

whom Congress, in 191B, made two- good resolutions, but

“mars or! as the trustees of Con- the backstalrs bulldozers compell-

gglgflfll dgresslonfll power. Those officials ed somebody to discredit Dr. Nei. m great legislative power in son. and r them, The known their hands are the President in ‘history of all this is available, in m, white House. the Secre ‘Thirty Years War for Wild Lrife." or the Department of Agriculture. But in 1929, the tide tamed! and the Chief of the Biological Twenty-nine states had signed up sun.” , for large bag-limit reductions, and no psychology of that situa- the meant it to be universal. The lion is that the success of the out- Bioo ical Survey and the Presid- ddc defenders of birds depends ent ound themselves. They de- their power! in Buimlication. clded to do the Right Thing by

ll

up‘! superiority of their facts and game, regardless of possible eon. wile, and the weakness of the sequences to themselves. In Jan- mgmy in blocking the wheels of uary. 1930. the New Era set in. p,.0,,,-,_.5_.,_ Under the lead of Chief l-‘teding- While it always seemed not very ton. beg limit reductions, from 2s ‘pony to load upon those three to 15. were enacted: and nothing - ca...“ fliid°tillt ‘It’ "tr-tar: dangerous res ns em. , "'4 as arid as all?» other reductions

mould be shared by the 446 mem-

o! the United States Congress, were made, quite independently of

w: necessity for speed and cer- the original reduction propcsers. - grem- in executive action was so In 1933, the opposition massed great that we gladly accepted the its forces for a grand assault on plan of Congress, and began to our demand for a stoppage of bait- m. the game. Any one who ever game to kill it. The Hearing fir; once tried to get a game- of August I8 showed Mr. Hawes, protection bill through Congress Mr. Beck arid Mr. Nathan Moran. Wm lrhow the reason why. Too -—guahdian angel of the Allied Game-Killers of California, -in '

machinery therel ma}; evil of the present system is that it is far too easy for the embattled hordes of game-killers mg gsme-exploiters to concen- trate their crushing forces upon three Federal officials, and at least forcirthem by mass influ- me into passive attitudes on game-kiliing-refcrrn measure... In mm like California, predictions g-geiy are th If Dlllfifi.

their true colors: and glory bei Mr. Jay N‘. Darling then unfurled his own banner, and fought the enemy to a standstill

President Roosevelt was for 1988 so much puzzled by that tempest in a tea-pot that he decided to take no action for that year on our demands for more reforms. 1n 1034 be and Mr. Darling both were diverted by that grand game-

‘ y schema-which pres- outly expended all its money, and came to an end.

And then. to our infinite joy, Chief Darlin . Secretary Wallace and the Pr dent elected to take up strongly the whole subject of the abuse and waste of North American waterfowl. Before “the opposition" woke up, or even came to know what hit them, baiting and live decoys were abolished the shooti season was reduced 50 per can. “possession bag limits were reduc , some ba limits were reduced to the vanis irig ‘Point, and other reforms were ma. e. t us

ts r . mIl-fiac efasions of Huntini R9811-

Ebb"... arid always, it is an ugly to force a hated measure upon e numbers of selfish and un- pau-ictic men. In 1011. when we liarted in to stop the sale of native

game in New York State. nomad}:

I

cond

“WT ' but u" our. . - a ze ; u e er MARITIM E pa‘; ent without {whining about

t. But will they stand for two years of no waterfowl shooting, without doing their utmost to

they will be blind and reckless to

W INTER

the last? Is it ssible that even the dulLst due -shooter cannot novlll reac m hgndgvritlinghorti ‘the an e ee o w a - 1ND Fox snow gennds? Ii-lertionally, I do not ‘page er e re orms - AMHERST, N. s. gellfngrwneczt. I believe that now ' waterfowl extermination has gone NOV, so F that it is impossible for - man to stop it Already empty ‘ game-bags are e rule, not the exception.

And what will be the answer of the Three l-Iigh Trustees of the Federal Government to our mani- festo for a sto page of all water- fowl shootin or two years —in the HOPE o saving SOME breed- ing etock? We hope they are not too tired and disgusted to carry on the struggle two years longer. If the wicked prevail and weer them out with their devilish clamor for more blood, why then the End will come swiftly and surely.

We hope, however. that Presi- dent Roosevelt. Secretary Wallace and Chief Gabirielaon will make the reforms, and defy the killers to do their worst about it.

The Greatest Show In Eastern Canada o v ' Livestock and Educational Exhibits. Nightly Horse Show, Vaudeville and Tug-of-War, Midway

|IluaiitySeeil8rStock

i

GREAT SALE OF

HOLSTEINS

J

We offer for sale Reg. Holstein Cattle. Can sell’ you l small herd. Every animal is of the blood of the wonder- ful show herd of M. L. MacCarihy, Sussex, N.B., same blood as Lonsd-ale Ne Plus Sir Model, first prize two year old hull, Senior and Grand Champion at Ottawa and Lon- don. Also the blood of the great show cows Aaggie Albe- kerk Jewel Homestead Sadie Pieterje dam of Lonsdale Sir

Ilka Iiomcstead, s40 lbs. butter, 22,921 lbs. milk.

. Brookholm Inka, great Canadian Show Bull, full brother to Sir- Inka May now at Carnation Milk Farm, Seattle, Washington.

We have intensified the blood of champions and have I Young herd sire, a grandson of Matador Segis Orrnsby. Matador Segis Ormaby only bull that ever lived to pro- duce daughters with over 1400 lbs. of fat and 38,606 lbs. miik_ and this cow is Carnation Ormsby Butter King, the world's Champion Cow. Our young herd sire Matador 593i! Renown, grandson of Matador Segls Ormsby: hi8 (Iain is by Carnation Inka Ormsby Lad, he by Sir Inka the Great. Our females are all mated by this young buII. All Iur cows on R.0.P. test and have all milked over 10,000 lbs. standing in siunsions and under ordinary farm conditions. We had Grand Champion Holstein Cow and Bull at Alber- Iil"; also l0 first prizes.

_ We also offer registered Brown Swiss for founda- Il0l1 stock imported from the boat producing herds in U. S-A. Cows and heifers mated with Marralne’s Comet of Stoneliaven, a grandson of Darlene W College Boy. All Brown Swiss on R.0.P. test and have milked over 10,000 lbs. We invite you to call at milking time and see for Yourself. Snaps and prices on application.

WARRENDALE MILK FARM. Owner, GEO. D. WARREN

Howlan R.R., Fortune Cove, P.E.I.

weight for age.

‘Poultry Exhibit At Amherst Fair

The Poultry Breeders’ Exhibit as llflgod last year at the Maritime Winter Flair and as proposed again this year was primarily conceived to afford a testing ground for the YIN“??? Product and at the same time‘ function more completely as the shop widow‘ tor the display of that product. _

The idea behind the exhibit is not simply to Judge market worth on the basis of one or more in- dlvldilols. but to require the midi‘. 5'1"“ ‘l5, ‘"‘.’"..‘,“

5- 17N915 6y I! e desired characters does exist in particular strains or families as evidenced by the livability and nro- iificacy of his stock and its sun. itv to meet the most crucial tests of market requirements.

‘lb accommodate this and other exhibits. very extensive unprove- ments have been made in the Poultry Building at the Maritime Winter Fair in the way of dec- orations and facilities. Each breeder entering is provided with floor some and wall space six feet wide, facing on an aisle. 0n the wall space. he is expected to tell the story of the particular fam- ily or strain whose product he is exhibiting. Immediately below in refrigerated case are shown the actual 8811s produced by at least four daughters of the family con- cerned, also six dressed u. kerels, three of which must be full bro- thers of the daughters whose eggs are shown and three half brothers. In front of the refrigerated space is placed a specially (IPOUIMMII coop or ccops for the live birds required to be included in the exhibit. These in turn must be full brothers of the sister group,

The exhibits are fudged on the basis of a prearranged score card. The total score cm this card a- mounts to 1.000 points and Ia di- vided into six sections as follows:

Piaimily History 160 points Number of daughters 100 points Live birds 150 points Market 088$ 200 points

Dressed pcultrv 200 points Effectiveness of display 200 point-s

Total - - - - _ -1,ooo points.

Under Section l-famil history -due medit is given for t e great- est number of brothers and sisters of the sire and that have qualified or been approved accord- ing to the official record in each generation going 59411.! to the fourth generation. 40 points are given for the highest average production of immediate ancestry back to four generations and a similar number of points for the greatwt unifor- mity in egg size of ancestors. An- other eub-swtion has to do with grloof of prepotcncy. a-nd the eeder is expected to establish in his exhibit all the evidence of prepotency possible, maximum points being awarded for what is considered most convincing. Under Section 2 -nu.mber of daughters —50 points are given for the minimum family of four. For each daughter over four up to nine. there is an additional premium of 10 points. While np, premium is offered for families larger than nine, due credit is given for larg- er-families in the previous sub- section entittled ‘proof of potency.’ Under Section 3 —ilve birds - due credence is given for the de- to which the birds conform

gree to the Standard of Perfection — VIEW.

apparent

market type and quality.

Under Section-4-market eggs - it is required that six eggs be shown from each puliet iri the family group. These eggs are candied, the most recent egg laid is broken oilt and elaborate mic- rometer measurements taken of the albumen height as an indication of strength of albumen. e yo shadow density is determined also in exact fashion. Additional points are given for egg shape, shell strength and texture. l0 points are deducted from the total for each egg found to be defecflve in the way of meat spots or blood

BpOI-i.

In Section 5 5—dres".cd poultry —the birds are ii"’”" In accord- ance with their ability to qualify for the highest grade under the Canadian Standards for Poultry. If all six birds grade A Milkfed. t-‘he entry maximum allowance viz. 200 points. For each bird under this grade l0. 20 or 35 points are deducted de- pending upon its grade. In that manner the exact worth of each breedefs stock Ls determined not only as to fleshinq but also as to susceptibility to finish. In Section 6 -effectlvenesa of display —msiximum points are a- warded to the exhibit that depicts the commercial and premtent worth of a particular strain family in the most effective man- ner —in other words an exhibit

that anticipates and answers the

_buyers' instinctive requirements in

breeding stock and baby chicks. Breeders last year started that en- try in this exhibit and the con- centration placed upon it. even if first prize was not attained, went a long way toward the assembly of material necessary for a catalogue or other sales approach in the cp- suing year.

Rarely have more comprehensive efforts been undertaken in the wav of utilizing the agrk i ‘ural fair t\ display the breeders’ products than was the case. in this exhibit. It is safe to say that no one view- ed the exhibits without the worth of extended breeding and the value of effective merchandising being more strongly (moi-Herd on his mind than ever before. To the breeders themselves it broil light sales possibilities in Own breeding stock that they did not know they poueased or had failed previously to adequ- ately express.

SATAN IN AFRICA

KING WILLIAMSTOWN, South Africa -— (OP) -— A native who pleaded guilty to poisoning his mas- ter's cat is. valued at £300 ($1,443) was sentenced to three years‘ im- prisonment. He said the devil had overpowered him.

NORTHAMPTON -0ne of the founders of the Nat- ional Association (Institute) of Journalisa and former editor and publisher of the Northampton G and Mercury, Samuel

Enlllnd- (OP)

uardlan Smith Compton 1s dead at N.

OI‘,

- NEWSY

‘ THE CUCURBITS

I IIHVG!’ saw pumpkins growing till I came to P. E. Island. In the North of England we grew cucum- bers on a hot-bed with the pro- £99225‘?! itukafilen "framefgl and

v 1'6 s was puss e to raise Vegetable Marrows In the open; but the climate was not suit- able for pumpkins. The V etabie Marrow was evdieritly a. var ety or squash; it was boiled and served in "chunks" over which was pour- ed melted butter, if gravy was not Ill/Bubble. and good tender eating it was. It is strange t at Sturtev- ant, in all his no on the iiilfurbits, never mentions this var-

9)‘.

I found that, besidu pumpkins, there were different kinds of squash being cultivated here, and as my books were not sufficiently explicit in distinguishing them, I wrote to all the authorities. gard- ening magazines, eto. that I knew of, in search of information. When the replies came I was as much at sea as ever. for they all agreed to disagree! It appears that the confusion in this group is riot new, for Jonathan Carver, in his ‘Travels in North America." (1778) tells of "the melon or pumpkin which by some are called squash- es." and he names the eraneneck (crookneck now) which the botan- ist Kalm had classed as fl gourd. So much for the popular names in the olden times.

One dom not expect common names t0 be accurate, but when the botanical names are hazy, who shall decide? To begin with the genus has been variously named Pepo. Melopepo, Cucumls, and Ouourbita; so, for ‘instance, the Cuwrbita maxima of Duchesne is the same as the Pepo maxima of Peterman. Sturtevant, after an arduous search into ancient usages, simplifies the innumerable Latin names into eez-

Cucurbita maxima Duchesne: this includes the Turban squash, known easily by its form; the Hubbard squash. said to have been introduc- ed from the West Indies iri 1857; and the Autumnal marrow or Ohio. introduced in 1882. Perhaps this ts our "Vegetable Marrow."

Oucurbita moschata Duchesne: the winter. or late squashes, are varieties of this species. The Win- ter Crookneck squash was firstre- corded by Ray. in his I-Ilstoria Plantarum (1686); the Canada. Crookneck, and the Cusliaw. are other forms of C. moschta. These will not hybridize with the Pum-

n. Oucurbita Ilinnaeus: called by various wriers gourds, pump-

kins and squashed. species gives rise to the true Early or Summer Squashes which will

hybridize with the Pumpkin proper. The latte-r is a variety of C. pepo which has been grown so long sep- arately that it comes true, pure, and well recognizable.

The Pumpkin. again, is catalogu- ed under several forms of which the commonest are The Canada. _Cheese. Common Yellow. Field. Long Yellow, and Nantucket. All of these forms have at various times been given Latin names in abundance, now mostly obsolete. The Canada, sometimes called the Vermont. Pumpkin, is oblate in form, incliningto conic, 14 inches in diameter and 10 in. deep It is somewhat variable in size and shape. is deeply and regularly rib- bed. and of a deep orange-yellow color. When well grown it is of considerable size.

‘The Cheese Pumpkin was known in 1591. It is much flattened, e- bout l6 in. diam. and 10 in. deep. deeply and regularly ribbed. "dish- ing" about the cavity and basin: it varies somewhat in proportional depth and diameter. Color deep reddish -orarige, .

The Common Yellow Field Pumpkin is rounded. a little deep- er than broad (l2 in. diam. 14 in deep) flattened at the ends and ra- ther prominently ribbed. Color orange-yellow.

The long Yellow Pumpkin is

oval, 10 in. diam. and 20 in deep. ribbed, but markings less distinct than those of the ‘common Yellow. Bright, orange-yellow. The Nantucket Pumpkin occurs in various forms. (all of deep black-green color» to which the name of squash is sometimes given. The form selected as type is of oblong form, swollen in the mid- dle, and indlstinctly ribbed, and covered more or less with warty prominences.

The CucurbiLs are a difficult genus to sort out but the above descriptions may be regarded as authentic.

FIRST NEWS OF SOYBEANS

A letter comes from the South of the Island. "Dear Agricola, -—I am sending an envelope and post- age for seed of na ive grapes which you so kindly offered.

“I was one of those who got Soy- beans from you last Spring. In ad- dition to the sample you sent I also lanted an ounce of the same varie y bought from one of the eed companies. They were plant- ed about May 30th. in rich garden soil in built up rows. like the other vegetables, and cultivated with scuffler and horse-hoe. They grew rioiously and yielded a heavy crop. ripening l0 davs to two

NOTES -

l! AGBIOOLA

‘weeks later than beans planted the same day. They were entirely free from disease or blight of any kind. I finished picking them last week and if the family like them I shall continue to grow them as an ad- dition to the vegetable crop. Yours truly, Mrs. V. H. D,

The writer of that letter is to congratulated on her silroess with the beans, though I think it was risky, in several ways to, mix the seeds. In the first place the seed I sent was the result of selection for early ripening. over a period of Years: and by miLing it with seeds of unknown lineage mtyla corres- pondent has foregone t, ad- vantage. Another risk was the in- troductlon of a. blight: but for- tunateiy the beans have escaped for this timei

Now Soybeans are a new crop on this Island, and our farmers who are very conservative in their ideas whatever their politics) fight shy of them. Perhaps this arises from not knowing their value, nor the "technique" of dealing with them. A farmer need not buy oilcake if the crushes one part of soybeans to two of oats. Geor e Pyke, of Wolfe Island, Ontaro (says The Farmer's Magazine) raises about 600 gigs every year: he has 30

rood sows every summer to f . He feeds the sows on a fish ration, supplemented by unthrcshed soy- beans including the entire plant,‘ stalk, stem and beans; and claims “they cost me practically nothing for the summer." Each sow tucks away 5 or 6 lbs of the soybeans per day. Horses are very fond of un- threshed soybeans too, as the writer can testify.

I always grow a short row of soybeans in the garden, on the level, and well away from the other rows. I let them stand till the leaves drop off, and notewhich plants which ripen first. (‘Their secd is kept separate for next Spring.) Then the plants are cut off close to the ground and bound into sheaves. After standing in stock for about 5 days the sheaves assume a beautiful leather-brown color, and may be stored till threshing. There are hundreds of uses for the beans. and they have lately caught the popular fancy as an acceptable addition to the rdinner table Soybean flour is suit- able for diabetic patients.

I have sowed the beans as early as May 5th: they are very hardy, maybe because of their high oil- contenis. I shall be glad to hear from others who had these beans.

ODDS AND ENDS

Red Spot on Jupiter. --6eys Isabel M. Lewis, in the Nature Magazine," At the last opposition of Jupiter the planets Great Red Spot was more conspicuous than it has been_ at any time since 1878. As sunspot activity is known to affect the atmospheres of the planets it is possible that this was s. result of the unusually great sunspot activity of last year." Ever since it was first; seen. 1n 1878. this spot has been a puzzie_ to astronomers. It was a pinkish oval spot, which changed to brick red, and rapidly extended till it was 30,000 miles long and 7.000 miles broad. It. faded gradually till. by 1919 it had become much less conspicuous_ Some astronomers be- lieved that the Red Spot was caused by a sort. of eruption perhaps volcanic, which poured clouds of colored gas into the upper zones of Jupiter's atmosphere: but this is merely conjecture. Now the Spot is “picking up" again. Daylight Saving condemned. — The Fhrmerls Advocate of Oct. 13th. furnishes a great deal of food for thought. An editorial says: "Canadians are a very tolerant people. Thev will put up with al- most anything. including daylight saving." Furthermore "we permit ourselves to be muddled, incon- venienced. and subjected to unne- cessury loss by departure from the standard time." it seems to me that the straight forward way would be to get to work an hour earlier without tinkering with the clock or kidding ourselves along with the so-called daylight sav-