. served that appreciable numbers

. would be difficult‘ to maintain in

3 , the two chemicals. Effective con-

ditions. Control is temporerﬁfi ; hand hnprovement of the produc- Tbe above chemicals are also U011 0ft1‘0l1l~ l‘lX1C l0 ﬁsh» but ‘i511a1l.V at some, 1. Pond formation on slreains. what higher concentrations than: The production of trout in Is- necessary to destroy aquatic} land ponds has been studied by plants. However. the margin of assessing the growth and survival safety is small, and no gcnerall with varying. but known den- prescription can be given with .as-‘ sities or stock. Results show that surance of not killing trout. Use ponds formed on Island streams of these chemicals to Control are highly productive of trout. De- plants in Island ponds without termined yields of trout. from killing tr-out can be recommend- ponds (weight removed le s 5 ed only under strict ruvpervision. weight introducedl over summer after effective concentrations for Periods h3V€ been 85 high as 50 local situations have been deter- Pounds per acre. Ponds not only mined. (Permission to use plant increase the yield of l.1‘Olll. to ang- poisons is required from the De- 1e1“S by making t1'H"- ﬁsh more ac- partment of Fisheries.) ‘ cessible but also materially in- 4. New Technique for angling. °re.as°.the Suppl-V.“ "‘ result '-‘ll Tron-mg for trout with Spinners, the 1' high productive levels. '.l‘he etc., from boats is a common me- r.e mmendatwn °f pond mrnla‘ ﬂhod of fishing in New Brunswick not‘ as 3 managemem'.pI'°Ced‘“'e and Nova Scotian lakes. It is not m lmpllove anghng °“"‘Sage5 practised in Prince Edward Is- ponds lmprlive bmh a"""e55‘b1l'W land waters. but might ‘very well and m'°d‘u°t‘°“ pf from‘ prove effective in estuaries parti- 2’ C°"tr°1 ‘ll 5ﬂ.taﬂ°“’ culairly, and in the larger ponds. I The was ‘if Prmce Ermard .15‘ Dex onstration of the technique is ﬁnd are .e§s11y er°ded' Reductmn

du((:i)0nI.’“"'°‘ ‘”“‘’“l l“ “"’“l W0‘ ized and will be directly commen-

It isadvocated that iimrnediate fi‘,',r;.a°§iWﬁgi.,§f,‘f,§f§f“lp$f,§,‘2,‘{};§2' ‘bI:p:§;’zﬁ:":é‘l'b1;‘iéﬁalggﬁglffecsg such as contour plowing, whiih cessibility of trout to anglers, and thus realize a fuller, more eff. icient cropping of the good pop. ulation of trout. that now exists in Island waters. It would be short-sighted to assume. however, that the future and greater de- mand for trout will be satisfied in this manner without hand-in-

P-.E.l. Trout

z(nn!,ip_iv_rl frrirri p.:_:_<:v .'1l

al} v.‘alr'r is rpclmjed hy pond ‘ anon. 'l"nc pond assumes the ton of the c»s|.uary in vary- . dezrecs and holds trout in ii ‘.\?)l(’i‘. alilioiigli they are‘ wt» to escape, over lhe dam. i-.'u;ro, the strearn is small and upraly of youii; trout. small in Joli to size of the pond form- ad. the movement to salt water is markedly reduced. This occurs to a less degree in the situation ixlicro the stream is larger and the supply of young trout great- Q1.

Ll Ponds formed on Island streams are highly productive of trout.

till: Annual yields of trout to anglers from such ponds is high.

(ll!) When closely studied (El- lerslie Brook) pond formation re- sulted in an average increase of 40 per cent in number of trout annually taken from the stream system. ' -

. The data warrant. the recom- mendation of pond formation as a management procedure ‘ im- prove the yield of trout to ang- lers. This recommendation will need review in the future if pond formation should become of wid- ely’ aipplied as to affect, material- ly the supply of sea-run trout in the island area. ,

To be most effective as a trout- prod-ucing area. it is recommend- ed that the following actions be taken in forming a pond:

(I) that the‘ pond be as large , as circumstances permit and not ‘ ‘ ’ less than, one acre in area;

(11 that a depth of six to ten feet of water he realized. over at least 50 per cent of the area;

(ml that the dam be construin- bed so that the pond can be drain- od, to the original stream level to correct adverse effects of stil- tation. to control growth of root.- ed ‘aquatic vegetation and to eon- trol numibens of fish.

(IV) that provision be in the coiistructiion of the dam for screening to prevent exit of _trout.. Screening would be desirable when the supply of trout is below the trout-producing catpacity of the pond, but undesirable when the supply is sufficiently large to create crowding and stunting of arowth.

2. Control of upstream move- ments of sea-run trout.

The majority of sea-run trout, on‘ their return to the streams, mov; into sections where they are poorly accessible to the anglers. From tagging and recaptu . it is shown that a large provportion of these trout die i1a.tu.rally in the streams and are poorly cropped by the fishermen. Pools below dams are well appreciated as ex- cellent fishing spots for sea-r un triu-t. By remaining in such pools during the summer, the sea-run trout are more effectively crop- ped than if they had had the op- portunity to disperse into the up- per reaches of the ‘stream. These observations point to a precedure of erecting barriers at or near the mouths of streams for hold- ing the sea-run trout. and making them more available to the ang- lers.

It is recommended. that . bar- riers be constructed on a few streams on a trlalbasis for this purpose. V

The barriers may be fences con- structed of panels made of laths

severe local siltation which often accompanies road construction can often be materially reduced by having tap drains from road ditches terminate in low lying ar- eas of land rather than directly in the nearest pond or stream.

3. Other Procedures.

Stream improvement. (pool for.

/

lessens erosion of farm lands.‘

Tmatlon. increasing shelterv. stool-:

dator control. control of intrand iiit.er.specifi_c competition between fish. fertilization of the waters, artificial feeding of fish, are pro- cedures which have proved help- ful in varying degrees in other freshwatcrs for improved produc- tion of trout. Opinion on their at- l_'octivcness in Island freshwaters is reserved until further data are available, Compared to most fresh waters natural production of trout on Island is high. The question to be answered is not so much whether these procedures will improve trout production as whether they will do so to a sub- stantial and worthwhile degree, and add significantly to the ex- sisting high level of production. North (Yorke) River Pond

As a resiill. of building a cause- _way to carry the Trans-Canada highway across North or York river. near Ch‘town, a - large pond of about 500 acres was crea- ted ’t19§5) on what was formerly a tidal estuary. This empoiind- ment is unique for the Island area because of its size and because it is the empoundment of an es- tuary.

Sailt. water can tneer the em- poundment at high tide via- a sluice through the causeway. In- flow of salt water can be control- led by a valve and flap-gates in-

stalled at the pond end of the sluice.

Hydrographic condit.i.ons in the empoundment were observed in

3.

of hatchery-reared trout. pre—‘

LOWE 3

loan and .1357. mien salt ‘vary. .a.is-tlch-.«.at.sc! events will occur with I Proposed that A Y'l‘5.‘l"‘il:l$‘! of bonds

was perniitted to enter. In both years the waters were sliarply stratified with respect to salinity and temperature in summer. De- composition of organic matter in the salt water, stagnated be-low about nine feet in depth, resulted in a depletion of dissolved oxy- gen (necessary for fish life). There was thus a large volume of the water in the pond which was uninhabitable to trout. he - cause of the lack of dissolved ox- ygen, but, with respect to temper- ature of water, quite favourable for the species. At the same time in the summer the surface wat- ers contained sufficient oxygen for trout but they were too warm. In total, therefore, much the grea- ter volume of water in the pond

iwas unfavourable for trout.

'l‘rout were netted from the em- poundment in the summers of 1956-1957. However. they were found only in a shallow layer of suitable water wedged between the lower, oxygen-deficient shrata and the warm suface waters.

The pondis viewed as poten- tially a good trout-producing area Unfavourable conditions for trout result largely from the compound- ment: and stagnation of salt wa- ter. It has been recommended that the inflow of. salt. water be stopped. It is anticvipated that saline, osygen - deficient waters will. be replaced by those which are fresh, sufficiently’ cool and aerated in summer for trout. Con- tinued obstervation is needed. to learn how soon and how well the

'exclusion of salt. Water-

Wilh exclusion of salt water, sea-run trout. will not be able to re-enter the pond. The pond is fed by a number of spring-fed streams, with a iombined drain- age area of about 50 square miles. The streams are well populated with young trout. Both supply of water and of young trout for the pond would appear to be assured at a good level. DEVELOPMENT

The, trout as a natural asset ‘of the Island is being increasingly appreciated. However, this asset is as yet far from being fully exploited. As with any natural asset, development of the trout fishery requires investment.

The trout fishing is an attract- ion to the tourist. Angling success is and will be the criterion by which the tourists evaluate the Island trout fishery. Greater as- surance of angling success during July and August is needed to en- hance the trout angling as an attraction to the tourists. To do this the following scheme is pro- posed.

The scheme involves ponds 'which the Province may control or secure control of, or better, create with those characteristics known to give the most favour- able trout. production. With the present angling season (April 15 to September 15) at good propor- tion of the annual crop of trout from ponds is removed by resi- dents anglers in the spring before the a-rrival of the t,ou.rists. It is

<:onh_‘olled h." the Pro\'i,nre be closed to angling until .l1ily and August, and then opened to both resident and tourist. fishermen. This procedure would assure bet—' ter angling for the tourists. and, since attention would be drawn to specific ponds, effective utili- zation of the resource would also be realized.

Closure of ponds until July or August would necessitate guard- ianship. It is suggested that the owner of the land on which the ponds are situated be paid an annual retainer to serve as guar- dian. It is further suggested that such landowners be encouraged to prdvid boats for hire, thereby assuring facilities for angling, also giving revenue to the owner. Permission to close ponds to a later date than provided in the fishing regulations could be oh-; tained from the Minister of Fist -l cries.

It is considered that the value; of this procedure as a method oft attracting tourists should first bel demonstrated by the Province, orl Under other public auspices. With' demonstration, private enterprise!

OAKWOOD East Royalty Open May ‘ f for Weddi

Receptions

1 l l Dial 8334 T l

«invite! he mioiiiaian cmm »ysi-N » . “ ‘ his Ci —a:rd.1an P D!'l\’;1lF‘ investment could lie real ‘I 1 A’ A

ized from the sale af angling pri-I} ’Fue§-i Aﬂfll '1. vileges (rod fees, charge for fish §"’”"“""""’*"""‘"”'””‘““"“"“‘“" caughir. Trout farming for this; Isiandy where high natumi pm, DUYPOSC’. OF f0? Sale Of murt 35 8 ductive levels for trout demon.

1‘1XUl_‘Y. l'Q0d llflm. has Un9XP10I‘€d strate the suitability of the wat- possibilities on Prince Edward erS_

llllll w DOWN AND LIVE

l thriving upon the ‘public highways is a privilege as well as I legal right.

K SLO

We owe it to ourselves and to the other driver to have our cars in good working condition; to drive at moderate speed; to observe all traffic rules and to DRIVE CAREFULLY.

This aim combined with adequate insurance i Cover will bring relief from anxiety in many ’ Canadian homes.

HYNDMAN 3. co. LTD.

l Insurance Since 1872

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or metal rods spaced three-quar- ters of an inch apart. or low _ dams. It is a prerequisite that there be a pool, or one created. of five feet or more in depth im- mediately, or a short distance be- low the barrier. (‘It has been ob-

of trout are held in pools below dams only when the pools are several feet in depth.) ‘

._It is recommended that: the bar- riers betemporary. only function- ing to prevent the upstream (and downstream) movement of the trout between mid-May ant‘ late September. Such barriers tould principally affect the upstream June-July (“straw-berry") runs of sea trout. They would leave un- affected the importaht up - and downstream runs of trout that oc- cur in the fall after the angling season. In any event, barriers

the heavy waters of spring and fall. but relatively easy to hold during the summer season. (The . erection of barriers is in contrav- ention to the Fisheries Act which states that no one shall maintain in any waters devices which un- duly obstruct the passage of fish. Presumably authority would "be required from the ‘Minister of Fish series to do so.) 3- Control. of growths in ponds. Algae ("scum“) and other aq- uatic plants are killed by low con- centrations of copper sulphate and sodium arsenite, or mixtures of

aquatic. plant.

centration depends upon the hard- ness of the water and the qual- ity of plant growth.

Thus it has to be gauged lar- gely by assessment. of local con-

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