PAGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN. Ci-iARLOT'i'ETOWN

THE GUARDIAN

Authorised In Second CIIII Mull Poet Office Department. 0ttAwA. The Thomson Co. Ltd.

Editor And lilAnAger. [An A. Burnett Auociuto Editor. Frlnk Wnilior.

CIRCULATION "(Tavern Prince Eilwud lAlAnd like the dew”

"The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink".

—ClIAItL0’I‘TETOWN.MONI)A\'. APRIL 5. ion

York itlver causeway

The proposal to have a causeway rath- er than a new bridge to replace the North River bridge is a highly interesting one. The idea has not been fully worked out or agreed upon by Federal and Provincial authorities but the announcement by the Hon. Dougald MacKinnon, Minister of Pub- lic Works and Highways, indicates that considerable thought has been given to the plan and that it will very probably be car- ried out.

It means that this section of the Trans- Canada Highway will be built mainly of local material in the way of fill and by local labour rather than by skilled steel workers from outside the Province using imported materials. That the movement of thc ncccssary quantity of rock is practical is dcmonstrated by experience with the Gut of Canso and the local work on the Trans-Canada Highway which has already rcquircd the movement of sufficient fill to (lo the proposed job. Borings taken some time ago indicate that the necessary quan- tity of rock is available.

\\'hat it means, apart from being a sec- tion of highway, is that the North or York ilivcr \\iii ccase to be tidal. In the course of months or years its salinity will go down until in place of the present arm of the sea there will be a fresh-water lake. The

miles across the East China Sea.

The Chusan base will also embarrass Chlang Kai-Shek in Formosa, some 500 miles south. Not much is known about this new base, but the scraps of information that have filtered through indicate that it has submarine pens, a first class airfield and coastal defences. Communist China's navy is negligible at present, but Russian sub- marines, a cruiser, several destroyers and tankers have already been based on Chusan and their presence is being felt in the China seas.

It would appear that both Russia and China are united in the task of overawing Japan by building a series of bases of which the newest is Russia's Khabarovsk air base. This lies on the Siberia-Manchuria border less than 400 miles from Hokkaido, Japan's northern island. It is also the nearest Rus- sian base to the United States—tnough still a considerable distance away.

“A new pattern of strategy is being lbuilt up in the Far East,” says the Spec- tator. “The Communists subscribe to the fiction of defence, but it is obvious that Japan is being caught between two giant pincers. Japan herself has shown a mark- ed reluctance to make the sacrifices dc- manded to ensure her future freedom in the face of the threat from the Asiatic mainland. The United States has had to promise to foot the bill for a big part of

vious that with her other widespread re- sponsibilities she cannot continue to act the part of financial fairy godmother. Sooner .or later, Japan will have to take a search-

built around her and then search her own,

she will make to ensure its continuance."

EDITORIAL NOTES

r

i-limigcs in marine life during the process

will provide a most valuable object lesson,

for thc l-‘ishcries Department or anyone in- tcrcstcd in the study of marine life.

\\'hcn the change. to fresh water is com- plctv this Province will have ui-dergonc a rlrasiic gcograpliical modification. A thou- sand acre lake draining some twenty-eight square miles in the centre of the Province will altcr completely the water supply sit- lltliiflll. It will also alter the character and pnssihilitics of much of the land surround- ing it.

The project might well be considered til.’-ll‘SiliZlllt‘i reclamation on a grand scale and qualil‘_v for the funds allocated for that plll‘Dtts(" in the Maritimes and which this I"rovincc has for the most part been oblig- cd to forcqo. If that is the case then along with Federal funds for the Trans-Canada Highway aspect of the work there should be rclativcly little to be met out of the l’rovincial treasury.

Revival of The Abacus

School superintendents in Milwaukee, goaded by the current thrust of criticism against modcrn teaching methods. have de- cirled to revive the abacus, probably the most ancient device known for the teach- ing of arithmetic. While it is still in use in some parts of Asia, the nearest thing to it in living memory of Westerners was the old countng-frame consisting of colour- ed beads running on wire rods. This is a much lcss elaborate affair than the original

abacus: cvcn in its simplified form it is.

uscd these days very rarely, if at all.

/\ii_v\vay, scvcn schools in the Milwaukee area have been selected as trial sites for thc nncicnt method of computing. First, =(‘(‘0ll(i. and third grade pupils are to be izivcn small abnci of their own; teacher, who always has the best of everything that's on the go, will have a large and ini- prisillf: ‘one on her desk. After a year‘;; irinl. tcsls will show whether the pupils siiliicctcil to the primitive way learn arith- mctic hcttcr and faster. or worse and slow- than youngsters who are initiated int-_~ Ilic miithcmaticai mysteries by the latest and most fashionable methods.

Should the tests prove the superiority :if the abacus over its modern rivals, the f‘i'lEif‘llDiOllS of the good old days will rejoici- flllfi we may cxpcct to see the revival of olhcr ways and means long since discard- rd. Should the tests be unfavourable to the old gadget, it will mean it field day of enjoyment for those who are convinced that today is better than yesterday and that the best is yet to be. Whichever way it gocs. first. second. and third ._.vraders will cling stoutly to the traditional view that learning arithmetic is hard, hard work.

Far East Strategy

."l',

Off the coast of Communist China. south of Shanghai, notes the Hamilton Spectator.

' thc sea is peppered with the Chusan Archi-

- China Sea.

.g.,

It’

pelago, islands of varying sizes but of Im- -mcnsc strategic importance in the East On one of the biggest of these, Chusan Island itself. the Reds are bulld- ln.\ an air And naval base that will neutral- ize to some degree the United States base

.

_ Princeton University scientists have dis- covered a compound, acrasin, which causes igroups of single-cell amoebae to unite into {a composite cell. Such a material existing in nature could account for much of the complexity living matter has achieved in the course of millions of years.

O

O O

The Netherlands has taken rather calm- ‘ly the Russian protest against the station- ing of American Air Force units on Dutch bases. It seems to be generally regarded by the Dutch as nothing more than a pro- test against the existence of the North At- lantic Community.

0

“Matching grants" from the Federal Government are not unmixed blessings as pointed out by the Hon. B. Earle MacDon- ald, Minister of Health and Welfare. Valu- able as they may be there is a limit to what the Province can afford to accept. t

coo l

Ice conditions in the Gulf of St. Law- rence and Northumberland Strait, seem to be unsettled according to reports of the aerial observations of the Tra-isport De- partment, but far ahead of last year when there was a solid barrier of ice in the north end of the strait to the end of April.

Labrador developments requiie a great and increasing supply of foodstuffs and are closer to this Island than to Montreal. The Minister of Industry and Natural Resources would seem to be taking an unduly pessi- mistic view in declaring that it is almost economically impossible to get our products into that market.

Thieves. in Ottawa at. least, scam to be able to obtain more public co-operation than the police in many parts. There have been a number of stories from across the coun- try of people standing by when police of- ficers badly nccdcd their assistance. The Ottawa thieves, however, did not lack for assistance in loading a stolen safe onto A stolen truck.

Algernon Charles Swinburne, English ‘pool, was born this date 1837. While at Oxford he met Rosetti who had gone there fto do some mural paintings and it was to Rosetti that he dedicated his first publish- Jed poetical drama “The Queen Mother". After ii visit to Italy he took a house in Chelsea with the Rosetties and George ‘Meredith and there produced a great var- iety of poems and poetic dramas, and some critical essays.

Wartime Canadian seamen were taught the Polynesian method of navigation by the stars in case they should be forced to take to the boats or rafts without modern aids to navigation. It seems that some Indones- ian seamen brought up in the modern way of doing things were more at sea than our -own sailors would have been when deprived of A compasu. At any rate 35 of them drifted for nearly two months because they did not know anything about the older kind

Japan’s rcarmamcnt program, but it is 0b- , ‘

ing look at the ring of steel that is being -

‘heart and decide how much freedom isl .. ’worth to her and the maximum sacrificest 3'

‘Then the harvest is at hand. close

I

195

Possible Unforeseen Developments

(AllP.I.l.)

PIONEER FARMING

From An Article entitled "The Emigrant from England to P. E.

Island," appearing in the Royal Gazette. Nov. 22, 18315:

‘”I should be glad to learn your course of labour throughout the year,‘ said the Emigrant. ‘Well,’ said the Squire. ‘we rol- lcrt, our hay from the inarslics

after the New Year, gct our fire- wood. fencing. and building tini- ber: thresh. And feed the cattle. Towards the latter end of April. or early in May. we put up the

broken fencing, and plough for oats and wheat as soon as the fiost, is out of lhc grouiid--he-

tween the 20th of April and the 10th of May. Late oats And barley iii: sown to the latter end of June, And potatoes planted. After planting, a piece of land is pre- pared for the summer manure. “‘0iie wcck in July is taken \I|'- with statute labour. in make and repair the public roads. and A day or two for militia muslcrs and drills. Then we hoc and har- row up the potatoes, and strength- en the fences, as thr cattle are r.ow strong ilnfi drivcn out of the woods by the files. We commence hay-making about the latter end of this month, or the lst of Aug- ust, rind will rcquiro a month to make our marsh and upland li.'i_v.

upon the latter end of the hay, which will take another month. "'The potatoes, and threshing grain for market, will take up the next. month (October). Newfound- land nnil Halifax are our nirirkcls, ‘nnd so fluctuating, that when vvc have any produce worth notice to spare, we go ourselves with it :0 market. which is the only way we have to raise moncy for rent‘. Ytnfi .\‘0U "1-1)’ Rucss, l~ctler than I can dcscrilic, thc harii-hip of ii sly‘ i‘\"°i~’S' \'«".\‘a:f: in our cliniatc. uh:-n our rivcrs are all frozen over before we, can return, and Al: this for two or three pounds. in money; and sometimes we are forced to take barter. We would not complain if we (culii pay our way by those means‘ but when we have our hay and fodder in. jurctl with rain. and A hard win- iFI'. so that we hav.:'to fccd ev- ery beast from the l:.l of Novem- ber to the 20th of May. our pg. tatoos And grain nearly all used to save our ciiltlc, hci-omc sliort o: provisions for 0lIl§f‘i\'I‘S, nur (‘M110 d.\‘ini; or tlrowncfl in the swamp. and turn with the bears- I have lost ii seventh _vt-ar|_v, upon an average.‘

“ ‘You give ii very different ric- count. sir, in any 1 have seen in England’. "l‘hnt lllllf.’

lnteri is the truth. Book makers must tell good stories; and as nu- horiks written about this Island are. in please the landlords in England. and to induce c-mtg;-ams in clear the land for them. the more that are dccvivrrl by them the. better they will be paid.’ ' nm very much obliged for your Information.‘ said the Emigrant. ‘but am too into to reap much hi-nefil. The Island appears to be healthy. I have a yiiirig family. iii-.rl must make room nmong you.’

"To make short. our Emigrant. took one hundred at-ri-A of the forest. on lease, at one shilling N?!‘ aft‘! ,vMrl,v rent, huilt. prem- ises, and commenced clearing on his own plan, spent his capital before he could raise enough for his fAm|ly. and found by experi- once. that in farm in the English style you must have an English cl’mAte and English conveniences, and. to pay rent. there must hr- A regular consumption and A mur- kel. He has no tlmr to look -it, and Admire the beauties of the landscape. as pointed out by his Author, nor any. pleasure in trav- illing in, A carlole in winter, As the ronds are scarcely fit to travel upon three days at It time, bring generally choked up with snow. The short summer requires the greatest exertions to plant. siw. And gather in ‘bi: crop, and to provide fodder for his L-ntfle through A long and severe win-

of navigation which cnehlrd thcir ancestors to roam throughout the V\'id(’.\‘[)l.‘(ld islands

_. on Okinawa, almost directly opposite. 509 of the Pacific.

Min¢'i'iil‘.t’e-so-tii'ce.l of. Alaska In-

’ ho.’ rcplicdiportaiit. "19 Srlulrr-. ‘but “ha: I have rr--‘method will fall down here. Be-lined consumed by useieu cgm¢_

I women in the country whose cases

Indialogue

By Genld Steele Ith You S.D.lJ. Student

I! FAMILY PLANNING NECESSARY?

some will think it naive And idyllic to suggest that Alnce God commanded man to increase and multiply, out of His goodness and wisdom. He would then permit. man to do so without unreasonable and unnatural difficulties. That. is. He would not command man nor give him the natural inclination to do something which would re- sult. in A :lt.uAtlon defeatlnz t-hi end of the comm:.nd and neces- sitating the performance of an Act highly offensive to His Will. In other words. since God is All- good And All-wise does it. not seem rush to suggest. that by follow- lng I-Iii commAnd in populating the world, we would be led to A point- where the only alternative is to practice birth control.

True, it is undeniable that often- times there is Just not. sufficient food to :0 Around in Any one place, but has man not inherited the earth, the whole earth? That. is. it. is quite possible that various factors will reduce resources to A per capita average below minimum in one Area. but then it. is neces- sary for man either to migrate to other areas where resources are to be had, or to find new} methods uf iiicreasing per cllpltfl‘ distribution of resources in the home locality. i

Perhaps too the Supreme De-, signer did not figure on the in- tricacies and forces of liiternntionaii economics which prevent the dis- tributlon of surplus foods from one area to another in need ms‘ was so graphically illustrated by‘ Mr. Runtz in The Guardian A short. time ago). In any case. it. is our contention that the Provi- dent God meant the order of things to be such that man by his re- sources, and not unjustly impeded by other men, could attain the‘ end of his natural life on earth without recourse to solutions at variance with His will. i

I I

Now from is purely practical point. of view. it, is doubtful whether, measures of birth control would‘ achieve the end intended: raise‘ the standard of living. Considering the method of rhythm or periodic abstinence, which for reuonn of expediency and economy is being first used. by the government of India, we shall attempt to illus- irate.

First, All recognize that the time element. in solving the problem of hunger And discontent is very im- Ccrtalnly the rhythm

cause of the llliferscy of the pop- ulation it now tlkes About A month to :AtlAfAct.orlly lnatnict. A woman in the technique of rhythm. Now consider the limited number of social workers Available to do this job of instructing. the millions of

Are All to be lndtvidullly treated. the mAny who will not co-opei-Ate And the umucceuful AppllcAt.lonA of the method. And you too will see little hope in this direction. Furthermore. who will Ont. “real- lze" what the whole thing is All About And consent. to the experi- ment? The eduutaed middle-clAAA of couru. And it i: to them we look for off-Aprlng who will bene- fit by their fortune In tnvtng pAr- entu who not only Apprectntn the vAluA of Aducutlon but-hAvA t..\: money to educAu their children Also. Thin type of educated IndIAn is bAdly_ needed in pin: for econo- mic progra: And AdvAncAmAnt.. How then will birth control help the Alt.uAt.ton't In fut it will wor- Aen mAtMrA by cutting down the number of eduutad And more pi'oA- perou: people while At. the Anne time not. Affecting tho poorer And tllitei-Ate clA::e:. Here we :AcrifloA quAlIt.y (in An economic Acme) for A negllxtble r‘hAn|e in qunntity. O C

There iii Al:o Another result of fAmfly pinning which I oon:idor very‘ lmporhnt. It I: t~hl:. Dy plAclng prune Amotinl: an A Actieme we but no Auunnoe will work.

clude the only tin mines on the North American continent.

inot. an absolute necessity, And sec-

erous, because not only in some- thing being Atteinptecl which might. have aclverse affects. but. other more feasible and practical ldeua remain untried. It does not necessarily fol- low that this will hAppen but A practical consideratlion will deter- mine its probability. When most of the best economists and social workers are plunged into the prob- lem: of family plannlnz. can we expect them to be uncovering other solutions let: Alone putting them into effect? Limited financial resources also determine the rela- tive emphasis to be placed on dif- ferent improvement Achemu. WhAt then can be done? Have we tied the hand: of those whose sole Aim. 1: the betterment of the Indian nation and who were cup- ably doing just that until we came along? Apparently we haven't been noticed and there i: no change in plans. Legislation now in progress, when passed through the Indian parliament, will impose A limit. on the number of children A family may have! For A country which recently espoused the tenant: of democracy and whose Constitution recognized lnviolable rights com- manding the respect. of the people and government. alike, this is very

good going!

0 A

In offering possible solutions. I mean them first as illustrations to demonstrate that birth control is

ondly as remedies for the problem of over-population and under- productlon. Certainly these solu- tions, although practicable, Are rather academic until the many difficulties are solved which pre- vent thcir iniplcnuzntation. Increased food production is A very positive measure and can be uchleved by better seed selection. more fertilizers And irrigation, more land reclatmntion And use of mod- ern methods of cultivation. The combined result of these factors already is making India almost self-sufficient. in food, According to recent reports telling of larger yields. To further help t.hl: proco:A. more people should own their own land and be rid of the Atrmgllniz landlord and At. the same time have access to both long And short-

term loans.

Another way of rnlsing the nutritional level is the use of more synthetic foods. A: rice made from tapioca. which Are provlns satisfactory And possible of mass production. The great waste of

peacocks, and monkeys should be lialied And mcuurea taken to en- couruze the consumption of Anlmnl flesh And products. More food from the sea is A very real possibility, both from development of fl:herleA And from scientific extraction of nutrients from other an life which scientist: AAy hAs posalbllitlo: of meeting the need: of large :ect.lonA of the people of the world. 0 0 0

Both internal and external mi- gration offer posulbllltli.-A. By mov- in: numbers of the people from more demely populAted to the ApArAely populAt.ed area within the country, it is poAAlblA to relieve the conoentntod Are: And At. the Anme time Achieve more thorough devo- iopinent of the rcAouroo: of the la: conconti-Atod AreA:. Mluntlon to other countries hu A Almllu Affect.

with lncreAAAd lndustrliilixltlon And urbAnlAAtton of the country the problem will be indirectly Affected. Beuuu urban fertility l: lower thnn rurAl fertility. A docrouo in population growth will ruult when people lnova to the clt.lA:. l"urt.h- Ar. tndum-lAl eApAn:ton will not only provide the nocouory mAch- lnery And cliei-nIcAl: for Agrlcultuul devalppment. but it will give work to more people thereby boos th: whole economy.

v meant to confine itself to ‘ vutlgAt.ln¢" P. W. C. And ignore

public had reullsed flat. the select. Aundlng commlttuu on education ..m_

educAttonAl problem: in the Prov-

’ lnce more "witnesses" would hAve

offered to Appear in Aupport of

‘ the college, ‘I. As A former tach-

er At P. W. 0. (1950-52) And moth- er of A child who will eventually Attend the Acboola of th Prov- ince feel most. Atrongly ih com- mittee has not done its duty.