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‘ and best of those who first

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f. . ‘ l‘ ». .. . ‘Hlnmlilflllll smear. muzns Gold A 1 u’ éllhristian Doc- “mg” i‘ ,_ tripe. ljlont by flirbordship "< ohm , _"‘ “may? merited, by Ir’. , flllgefildtj. antbiwiiilum ' Bren nt-flraitn’ y James Fitz- - '3. ‘ Dol _ to? best Essay, pre- "' ‘seated ~ Alumni Society. “ Jnwqnd to‘ Richard Ellsworth.

3. The Norber-Fflulgliles Memorial Prize for Senior Philosophy. awarded to James Maclsaac.

4. The Blake Memorial Prize for Junior Philosophy, awarded to Campbell Wurtelle.

5. Gold Medal for History, pre- sented ‘by His Grace Archbishop 0‘Leary of Edmonton, awarded to Joseph lifachlillan.

6. Gold Medal for Economics. prc- sented by N. Rattenbury, I-Zsq., awarded to Clarence Shea.

7. Special Prize for French. pre- sented by Hon. D. A. .\iucKin- non, M. P., awarded to Richard Ellsworth.

8. Gold Medal for Physics. present- ed by a friend, Charlottetown, awarded to William Brennan.

9. Gold Coin for Senior lilnglish. presented by the Charlottetown Sub-division Catholic Women's League, awarded to James Alc- Isaac.

l0. Gold Medal for Fifth Year Eng- lish, presented by His Worship Mayor .\facl(enna, awarded to J.

' H. Sullivan.

11. Gold Coin for Rhetoric, pre- sented -by Very liev. J. C. Mac- Lean, awarded to Richard Ells- worth.

12 Gold Coin for Latin. presented by Rev. A. P. i\lacl.ellan. award- ed to Richard Ellsworth.

13. Gold (‘oin for Greek, presented by Dr. J. D. MacGuigan, award-

‘ ed to Richard Ellsworth.

14. Gold Coin for Chemistry. pre- sented by Dr. G. ll. Smith, awarded to Desmond (Yllcary.

lo. Gold Coin for hiathelualties, pre- sented by Hon. Dr. lV. J. .\l1l(‘.- Millan, awarded to John Mac- Guigan.

l6. Gold Coin for Biology, present- ed ‘by Rev. J. J. Macdonnld, awarded to George liiltctionald.

l7._ Gold Coin presented by Dr. S. ll. Jenkins, to the student mak- ing the highest aggregate in the Third Year, awarded to Des- mond 0'Leary.

l8. Gold Coin, presented by Rev. K. C. MacPherson, to the stu- dent making the highest aggre- gnte in Second Year. awarded to Fred Lynch.

19. Gold Coin. presented to the stu- dent making the highest aggre- Pate in First Year, awarded to Joseph Mooney.

20. Gold Coin, to the student mak- ing the highest aggregate in the Commercial Department, pre- sented by R. H. Jenkins, Estp. awarded to Clarence Walsh.

ALYMSI ESSAY

Read by Richard G. Ellsworth. “Canadian Citizenship."

.\ brief review of the history 1i our native Canada carries us back, in im- agination, to that memorable lay‘, ul- most four hundred years ago, when Jacques Cartier first plant-d the Cross and Fleur-de-Lis on the summit of Mount Royal as a symbol that ho claimed the new found country for Church and King.

Let us pass quickly over the var- ious stnges of development through which our country has passed since that eventful day. We see it first as u vast, and apparently boundless wil- derness, peopled with savages; then, as u colony‘ of France; later as the disputed territory of the two great rival powers of Europe; next as a disunlted group of British colonies;

lng from sen even to sea.

The wonderful changes that have made a wilderness into a free and in- dependent nationmust fill us with ad- miration and wonder when we pause to consider the many vicissitudes of fortune, the many disadvantages and impediments that have stood in the way of national growth and develop- meat.

Since the coldness of Canada's win- ters presented a less inviting prospect than did the warmer climate of the territories to the South. our country received a small share oi those who first came to make their homes in America. This. st first sight, might seem to have been a great disadvan- tage, and so it was in point of num- bers; but since only the hnrdlest and bravest people chose this country as their home, Canada received only the

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came to carve their homes out of the wilderness of the New World. Champlaiws dream of a New France. never materialized. has borne its fruits. The early French settlers laid the foundation of our country. andto them we should be ever thankful. The pioneer settlers, ex- plorers and statesmen, and above all the brave missionaries who sacrificed their lives to carry the sweet mes- sage oi the Cross to a, pagan people, have left us an example of dauntless heroic fortitude, which well might adorn the annals of any nation. Through their efforts, and through the efforts of those who came ilflPl‘ them, has Canada become the beautiful and prosperous land of to-

courage and

ay.

Surely Canada has a noble heritage! In the veins of her children flows the best blood of Europe, the bloodl of martyrs and heroes, to whom no ob- stacle was too great to overcome, n0 danger too formidable to face; is she going to prove a worthy child of s0 great an ancestry? Is she going to continue tbc work so nobly begun? 0r are hcr children going to fail, to betray the trust they have inherited’! .\'u, we dare not break faith, we dare not prove unworthy. '

llisttlry‘ attests that the progress of civilization has over moved westward and imrlinvurd. lt should therefore reach its culmination in this land of ours. which is truly the land of thc setting sun. lf this is to bc so, if we Canadians are to achieve this perfec- tion of culture and refinement, if we nre,to carry on the work for which our zlnccsttlrs laboured anti died, we must find the solution to our problems in a truc, honest, and loyal Canadian Citizenship. -

And what docs citizenship mean? or rather what is a citizen? A citizen is usually considered as one who owes allegiance to a government or a coun- try, and who expects the protection of that government. This definition, meagre as it is, comprises two things, first, the rights and privileges ac- cruing from the homage paid to the government; secondly, the duties and obligations tlCCillllpiilLVlllK those rights; for no right exists without its currvspolulillg duty, no privilege with- out its attendant obligation. He who cull claim tho right of protection from :1 govcrllnlcllt is obliged to obey that govt-rnnlcut himself, and to see that it is respected and obeyed by others. Ho who is permitted to enjoy certain privill-gt-s in a country is in duty bound to contribute to its mainten- ancc and welfare.

'i‘hl- symbol oi’ (ritizenshitl as consid- ered in this narrower sense, is the right of t-xercising the franchise, a. right which presupposes a very im- portant duty, but u duty that is, alas, too often superseded by selfish and unworthy‘ interests. It is the duty of every citizen of Canada to know. and to be interested in, the public affairs of his country, and ‘to givwhis sup- port t.o that party whiclrlle honestly iu-linvt-z-l will best. pronlllfl flié/ Dllblic good, irrespective of his own private concerns. it is manifest, themthflt the tcrln citizenship in its true sense con- notes a grout deal luore than the mere right of suffrage. lt must be based on the lllfll‘(.‘ substantial foundations of unity, loyalty, patriotism, and a. deep sense of moral obligation. Love of country is one of the noblest passions with which man is endowed. It is the impelling force which makes men sac- rifice all for the fatherlantl; it in- spires men to superhuman deeds of valour; lt._ is the very source of national lifojjwith it, nothing is im- possible, without it, nations fall and crumble to ruin. Canada's past record leaves little to ‘be desired inregard to tlie patriotism and loyalty of her sons. Several times in her short history has Canada had to summon her sons. eitherto repel the attacks of a foreign invader or to defend the integrity of the Empire. and never once have they failed to respond us true sons of Can- ada should. In times of peace, how- ever, the people of Canada are prone to drift apart. There are several out- standing influences which tend to prevent that unity which is so much to be desired. -.It is our purpose to deal with n few of these, and to sug- gest a possiblerelnetly.

From several causes, particularly because our country is still in its in- fancy. and because we are scattered over such a great expanse of terri- tory, we are inclined to forget that we are citizen's of the same country. owing allegiance to the same govern- ment. sharlng common interests, fac- ing common difficulties, and bound by common ties of kinship, and nation- ality. .

This undesirable state of affairs is most apparent in n. none too friendly rivalry of provinces. The two old provinces have not yet entirely settled their differences; the Maritime: are sometimes looked upon by the other provinces as of very little importance.

. ever. Ii Canadb. is to keep peace with

a slight which they are not slow to resent; easteraou are considered al- mostns foreigners by the people of the west. It is pleasing to note that the spirit of jealousy is gradually dy- ing ont. and giving place to a nobler feelin$~ the spirit of broad Canadian- isln. aCanudianlsm that is Mg enough, and unselfish-enough lo include the lengtlrwd breadth of Canada. . This is the spirit we need to make our nation strong. It was this na- tional pride that welded together the scattered. and at one time unfriendly states of Italy, under the leadership of Rome... that enabled them to extend their sway over almost all of the than known world. it was the vcrydapk of- . this unity that retarded 3.11s progress of Western Europe during the troub- i laus times that followed the breaking up of the old Roman Empire. ., Another serious drawback, closely _' allied tohhut entirelyfdlstinct from t the formerfaull one that is not easily ' ‘overcomqbecnusc we are not yet fur enough from it's ‘source to look upon it disinterestedly, is the difference in race. Some of "dur"famllies came out in the days of French occupation. "othersat various later periods, in fact we are still receiving a fairly large annual quota of immigrants from Europe. Consequently, we are shill lu- cllned to look upon ourselves as Eng-- lish or French, Scotch or Irish, or of some other nationality as the case may be. Certainly. we have reason to be proud of our ancestry. and of the heritage they have leftus, n heritage of blood and ideals worthy of our deepest respect. But we should not carry our pride of ancestry to such an extent as to include the national pre- judiccswvhich were excusable in them. sincethey cqlne of different, even hos- tile races. but which we should not entertain or tolerate in ourselves. We areanew nation. lt is time now to foster a national spirit of our own; time to put aside those old animosi- ties, that spirit of petty jealousy and suspicion that has-kept ns apart for solong. It is time to call ourselves Canadians, citizens of the fairest coun- try in the world, of a country oi which we have good reason to be proud, upon whose glorious annals there is as yet no stain to cause the blush. of shame to rise on the cheeks of its children. "United we stand. divided we fall," is an old saying, as true today as‘ it always was, and one which we in Canada might well apply to our own needs. Wherein lies the solution of this problem? How are we to achieve this national concord, this brotherhood so much needed? The solution may perhaps be found in the education of our citizens; a strong, pure government; and a selective im- migration policy.

Tho first duty of every mun is his ‘duty to God. He who is faithful to God can never betray any trust that may be imposed upon him. Religion must creforc play its part in the educat on of our children, that they ‘may be well equipped to fill honestly and conscientiously whatever position they now occupy when they come to take their places in the world. It is evident that the first and most neces- sary quality of a good citizen is a good moral character.

In addition to a well grounded re- ligious education, n secular education is becoming more and morsnccessnry as the, yearsgo by. In pioneer days pooplchwqro too‘,n_lucl1_<occupled_ with the struggle for existence to have t-ime for study. Then. each settlement was a little world in which- the peo- ple moved about and livedytheirwants were few and thgjr pleasuressimple. ‘But astimel, iZOes on. 11s the ‘battle for existence‘ becomes less of a serious problem. astbe advances in science and invention call more and more for skilled labor, the demand for an edu- cated gody of citizens increases pro» portlonally. The‘ time when illiteracy waslfnccessury ‘evil has passed for-

otber. nations she must endeavor to rslsejthe standard of education in her citizens. Every good citizen is deeply and personally interested in the wel- fare of his, country and ths happiness and prosperity of his neighbors. Every one cannot do wonderful things. but each can contribute his share by the conscientious performance of hi_s every-day duties. It is not the indivi- dusl efforts of the talented few that make a country great, we cannot measure the standing of a country by the numbers of its poets, heroes. or other famous men. These have s far extended influence, it is true’, but the real criterion of a nation's greatness is the moral standard of tho average citizen. It is the character} culture and refinement of the so-‘called man in t e street, that determine a. na- ‘llfllfig standing in the eyes of the worl . A good Canadiancitizsn is one who can think broadly, and consider thqr hts of others, one who is great enoli‘ h‘to rise above all that is nar- row and provincial and, partial, one ~wbo.is uprl ht. and honest,‘ with him- self, with h s neighborsud with God. Sucli a mhh is nu educated man in the ‘ true arenas of tho worth-Canada needs more of them. In regard to govern- ment there is little need to say more than a passing word.‘ for the character ‘of uipeople is reflected in its govern-

ment. The people form the govern- ment; if they are whltthey should

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A serious question inCnnadn today. and lethal demands immediate con- Iide lion.‘ l: um of immigration. Canada has room for thousandsrnnre people. especially In the new and un- dflfilvbed sections. She extends ,the band of welcome to those people of Europe who are glad to emigrate to new lands that are not crowdodhand where opportunities are offered to those who have the courage and abil- ity to undertake the responsibilities that accompany any new enterprise. The "l!" 0f bowls needed are those who will reldlly. assimilate with our

own population. for the purpose ‘of changing a foreigner into a real citi- zen of Cillgll implies much more than the fec nicnl formality of grant- i118 him tbei,franchise when he has lived sufficlentlylong in Canada. The process must be one of assimilation. attainable only by education and an lnfusiotrof love and patriotism into the heart of the prospective citizen. He must be taught to look upon his adopted country as his own; the dut- ies which he owes to the land that has offered him -a homs should be impress- ed~ upon him, and this not by coercion , and legal processes, but by teaching him to love the lsnd whose subject he has become. This is impossible un- ‘ less we first rid ourselves of the very ideas we are trying to correct in our new citizens. Unless the fires of love and patriotism ‘burn brightly in our Owl! brawls. We can never hope to in- culcats that sentiment in the minds and hearts of our adopted countrymen.

The problem of retaining the people we have is even more complex and makes a more dmperative demand . than does the question of immigra- tion. We cannot afford to incur the expense of bringing people to settle in Canada. only to have them leave again, still less can we afford to lose our native born population. The ques- tion resolves itself into that one men- tioned above, namely the question of loyalty and patriotism. Until love of country becomes a part of our very - lives. the question of maintaining a steady increase in population must re- main unsolved. Let every man boost instead of knocking. Let him think Canada, talk Canada, and act accord- ingly. .

‘fLct Canada our watchword be, While lease; names we know no more; One nation spread from sea to sea; And fired by love from shore to shore; . From sea to ‘sea, from strand to strand Spread our Canadian Fatherland."

There is no country in the world where the field is so uncrowded as in our own. We have the land. the rc- sources. the climate, everything that. materially speaking. goes to make a country attractive. What other country presents such . a varied wealth of scenic beauty as Canada? The giant mountain fastnesses; the seemingly boundless expanse of fertile prairies; the network of ‘beautiful rivers with their cataracts ‘and rapids; the broad. luxuriant forest belts;—-these make Canada a. paradise for the lover of nature. Nsituro is here at her ‘best. Every season brings with it new ‘beau- ties, new wonders, to attractthe eye g and delight the soul. To him who is l more concerned with the matter of fact, the material things of life, what stronger inducement can be offered than the wealth-bf hcr mines, her for- ests,‘ her wsturcumulhor farmapwnloh 'hr‘e' waiting 0111mm lbs developed. Tile immigrant in search of a new home, or the native Canadian in search of a broader scope for his energy, will find in Canada an open field, with unlimit- ed possibilities, ‘possibilities which honest diligence should, in reasonable time, convert into tangible realities. With an industrious people, living in the midst oi an abundance of nature's gifts, ibis not .u reasonable to expect that Canada mu one day become the leader among t We may _ never succeed in making a veritable Utopia of our collntry, but we can at least make an earnest effort to ap- proach as near as possible to the ideal. The future of Canada lies, under God, in the hands ‘of its citizens. ;It is for us to say what its destiny shall ‘be. if we but cherish ‘our,»birthright as a sacred trust. as a precious, gift that cannot be bought or sold. but to be handed down from generation to gen- eration, as pure and spotless as it was left to us, there need be no fear for the future. Thenshall we hear voices calling to usfrom the dim mists of the past, not in Aterms of disappoint- ment snd reproochéglélgl swelling, into a mighty chorus. raging .us as wo toil on: ‘ I

e nations.

lloung is she yet, her world tlsk but

belrun. - . By you we know her safe. and know ‘by you . lier veins are "million but hcr heart is one." ‘ VALEDICIWRY .

Read by Joseph E. Cainltiw"

"The ‘play is d-Onm-tho curtain drops. . Slow falling to the promptefls bell. A moment yst thftlctor atolls , And looks around to uaY"f8l'@Wfll1-"

This earth has been compared to a stage upon which ouch‘ man‘ ha! B part co ‘pol-him. We may curry the comparison. farther, and say“ that every man's life in divided into acts. few or many, acmrding u Life's course goon smoothly forward, or la fun-rowed by many chllllil- Th8 limits of the act: no clearly defin- ed; there is tlwboginnlul and the end. and at the and there is u. ‘inro- well. These actl‘ five their own distinctive featured: there are .no rehearsal: and . ‘to - reproductions“ The only preparation that we. can have for future ‘plftl in the careful performance aim! procodins ones; » and when esoh I is finished tho . curtain drops upon ft forever. . .

We, the clan pf ‘ll. are. today finishing on; of the Acts-in. ‘life's great drama, nudism-a mounted hero to farewell to our directors, nod to he lcellll}; ' II ‘Ihlvh l! l!" ‘ been performedfbiforo we‘ go to

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