,_-_,L _ _ - _ _ _ _,_ _ _~ -_ . if -6*

‘...-_ ,___ _ .'.f,,_...~',.!»_ _ _ _ » ,_ ,f ... ._ _ _ ._,,¢ ~’ _ . _ '.‘..-.-. ...,~...,. .. .,.,i-,...

. , . ` . - 5-arf

- ,_

‘ .._l‘."~o

» ’ I "

- 1.

'-MAY 15- 1.915 - F Ti-is cnAaLor'rE'rowN GUARDIAN PAGE Niss-

A ‘_ 4'- f_»- -_ _ ‘

- - _ -_-_ -a ,_-- - -_ _ _ _ A

Tl-1 IE lvl Aohzl is E Gus is Di A N F°i.£.°.‘:;f;':f;~ 1-;‘:$;'s::~§';’1‘;;;...

_ ____ _ _g _ _ p _ A Q Q .

'ro THE FAi\Msi<

invited to contribute to The Farm, The Dairy, The Turf, and Good

roads departments of the ons;-ohm either by question, correspondence ur

interest and space will be given to

Il ll

land interests.

. . to have

their articles at this office early each Woolf. as Only a`sl1ort emergency item can be handled as late as one

D tl

following week.

should be addressed to

department slioiilii be addressed to

lil

buying of food stuffs by the wliolesnlm

The Secretary of the Kingslioro-iledl

Point lnstltue reports tho paiiitliig oi'

the A 'r

o exports to all questions of general n

1 é

The llxirrington-Wiiisloe institute is k ' 5 . .

Alpril meeting of the St. I'eter‘s llny

s _

lug

Farmers and others interested are

tlierwise. Answers will be given by

y articles that will in any way eip to advance Prince Edward ls-

Cont'rlbutors are asked

. fn. Wednesday. All received after int hour cannot appear until the

_-__i_______ . ( ( \ . (.

... _ ,. .- . ..

THE school.

AND _ j

THE HOME 5;

Contributions for this department

l'resident 'l`eacher's Association,

(iuardian's School and 1-Iome, P. O. Box 188 Charlottetown.

Queries and (‘ontrlbut.ioiis for this

Mrs. A. E; Dunbruck.

1". O. Ilox 12Il

(_‘hurloitelo\vii.

INSTITUTE NOTES

lug up the question oi’ tooptrntlve

Two new members enrolled at tho'

titute

school and the supplying of drink- fountains nnd sanitary cups nnd

ndow shades for the school through

efforts of the institute.

- , mulae containing none of these ingred

ients_ Whitewash is applied with A broad brush and is spread lightly over the °“"°°9- 11° attempt being made to

Bgpxsti it ns is the case with an oil

H°W C811 YOU prevent black lead

M. S.

Aus.-Add a little molasses go the

black lead before applying.

Q.-How can wall paper be cleaned?

Mrs. L. \V., Bay Fortune, _

Ans.~Make a very stiff dough of

flour and water to which is added a f0W lll`0DS of ammonia. As dough be- comes solled fold edges into center, until it is necessary to luke R fresh piece. Rub dough over wolf = Q.-l often notice iron rust spots on my white clothes. l know for a fact that they are not caused by actual con- tact with any rusty article. Can you tell me the reason for tliis?-Institute Member. _ Aus.-Apparently you have been us`. ing a Prussian Blue, and posslhlv have not thoroughly rinsed all tbc` soap from the_ clothes. Prussian Blue in combination with the alkali in soap ltoriilis an iron precipitate which will 'fists on the clothes nnd oops., iron

Q.-What would you but with win.

11:2; glililrments when storing them dn;-_

e summer t 1, 2

Miss K. W. Pownal? preven moths 'Ans.-Have clothes wcll aired and when packing place between folds pep- D&‘f» gilS0|iI1G. or camnhor.

WAYS T0 MAKE PIN MONEY.

_ The woman and girl in the country is too often prone to think that “pin

wouiiirs issrirurss "mm 1- °"\ fo- ---

_ 8 Y city sisters. But this is not the case. Giv- en a nearby village oi' town, or ev. en ii fairly well settled country-side, und thc country wouittii has n dozen ways of making iiioiiey to every sin- gle way open to the city uoiiian. In fact there are few neighborhoods where the fiirni wife or daughter may not odd ii little to her income if she iins time nnd will look about her, taking stock of the wants of her Deitillllors, or the needs of her neur- est market.

Everyone can do some one thing Lt

little better than most folks. Do you know your specialty? It uiay not he ti very grent talent; it may be just baking cake, or raising onions, or strawberries, of babies, but whatev- er it. is, if you joy in the doing of it, that is usually the thing that will bring you your pin iiioiiey_.

Here are some things which other

women have done, thc reading of which may be a reminder to someone who has not yet discovered her spec-

hc following extract is from tbe|

Report of the lllny meeting of thc,

`dowhank institute “would Like to

hope for a "Rest Room"_ in Charlotte- town where the inembers might rest on shopping (lays_.whlle wniting for piirceli-ii" (lt might be ineiiiioned that the supervisor. of the lnstitiilcsnp- preached the Board of Trade in this iuat.ter~some` time ago nnd it is under consideration.)

The correspondent who asked for

formulas for wliltewasli for interior and Exterior use may find the follo- wing iiifcrnintloii of value, which is taken from i'_ S. l°`ai'iners‘ llulletiu 474:~

- WHITEWASH

Wliiiewnsli is tho elicapeasl of nil'

paints nnd for some purposes it is thc best. Lime, which is the basis ol` white-I wash, makes it very sanitary coatliig.l and is probably to be preferred for cellars and the interior of stables nnd other buildings. I ()RDlNARY WIIITEWASII This is

made by sinking about. ten lbs ol' qiiickliine with 2 gallons of water. The limo is placed in a pall nnd water poured over it. after which tlic pall is covered with an old piece of carpet or clot.h and allowed to stand for about nn hour. With an insufficient nniount of water, the lime is “scorched” and not all converted into hydrate: on thc the other band, too much water retards the sinking by lowering t.be heal.. , Scorched lime is generally lumpy and transparent, hence the use of proper- or amount oi' water for sinking and an iifter addition of water to bring it to ii brush consistency.

FACTORY W111TEWAS1~l (inte-

riors). For \\i.lls, ceilings, posts, etc.. (1) Sixty-two pounds (1 Bushel) quickllrnc, slnke with 15 gallons of. water. Keep barrel covered until' steam begins to rise. Stir occasionally to prevent scorching.

(2) Two nnd one half pounds of rye

tlour, boat up in n hiilf gallon cold wat- er, then add two gallons of boiling- water. l

(3) Two and one-half pounds of com-‘

mon rock salt. dissolve in 2% gallons hot water._

Mix (2) and (3), then pour into one and stir until all is well mixed. This' is the whltcwasli that is used in the' large implement factories nnd recom-, mended by the insurance r-ompanies.! The above formula gives n prodtict of perfect brush consistency.

WATERPROOF WHITEWASI-I (Ex-

teriors) For buildings. i’0l1\"~ H. Ulf- ill Sixty-two pounds (1 bushel) fllllfk' limo, slnke with 12 gallons hot water.

(2) Two lbs. common table salt, 1'

pound sulphate oi' zinc, dissolved in 2 gallons of boiling water.

(3) Two gallons skimmed milk.

Pour (2) into (1) then add the milk (3) and mix tboroulhly. NOTE. Alum added to lime white-

wash prevents. it rubbing off. An ounce to the gallon is sufficient.

Flour paste answers the same Dur-

inlty.

Ol course there are always chickens

nnd eggs, if you can make the hens lay and bees, if you are not nirnid

lol' stings, but these things require

more time and attention than is at the disposal of the nveriigc piuiiion- cy innker.

PIN MONEY OUT OF THE GARDEN.

Twenty-five cents invested in sage

plants, which were planted in ii cor- ner of a sunny flower garden, netted their owner a tidy sum the first (suin- mer, and more for several succeeding summers. They were kept free fron: weeds, the leaves picked und dried carefully and put into paper bags. Thee found ready sale at the village store. lf this woman had had eggs or butter customers, she could have got- ten it retail price for the sage its well.

Peppers are easier to raise than to-

matoes ond yield quite as abundant- ly. They are a little difllcult to start from seed, requiring bottom bent, -but when started, they have few insect pests, if any. On sandy soil last sea- son, tbe writer had single plants which bore two dozen large peppers. At pickling time they find a ready sale at a good price.

.\. little woman, who loves flowers,

nnd w-ho lives twenty miles from a florist, earns many ii penny by fur- nishing flowers for country weddings and funerals. She has made a spec- ialty of white blossoms, and always has n supply in her garden from lllay until frost, so her neighbors come to tier when in need.

Another woman raises pnnsy plants

starting the seed in a tiny cold (mme in August. and selling the plants about Decoration Day, packed in strawberry boxes with the soil, ready to plant.

Aster plants, ond the blossoms,

wild ienns, dahline, (blossom and tu- bers), nre just; ns miirketoble ns pan- sies.

PIN MONEY VIA THE KITCHEN.

A young girl living near a small

village, where picnics and (.‘.ranSB outings are plentiful, earns enough to pay for her clothes, making candy for special holidays-Christmas, Eas- ter, Jiily Fourth, etc.-ns well as_for panties and picnics. When any occas- ion brings together a crowd of young people, she has created a good de- n:nnd for her delicious sweets. (ln special days the proprietor of the general store- has sold them lior her on a small commission, but at plc- nics and other outdoor affairs, she is usually to be found with a suit case n the back of ber buggy and her ac- quaintances seek her out, since she has won a reputation as A candy rnaker. , Our grocer sells delicious cottage

pose but needs linc sulphate as a pre-'¢h¢eae, rich. Y°1l°'W' bhlll Wl‘Bl>P0d in

servative.

Molassee renders the lime` more

soluble and causes it to D0l\eU’°¢9 l-ll” wood ‘or plaster surface; n pint of mol- asses to 5 gallons' of wbitewtisb is siif-_

waxed paper which some enterprising woman brings him twice a week. On other days he has baked beans in tiny earthen jars. We pay five cents for the jar and get a rebate when we return it empty. Home-made cookies,

illolent. | Silicate of will 8011100" l“\’°“* nnd iittie ment pies bring some oth-

35 Baume) in the proportion of 1 to 10 of whitewasb produces a fireproof ce- ment.

A pound of cheap bar soap dllB0li'°ll»

in a gallon of boiling water and added to ‘shout 6 gallons thick whitowash will gm it Lslesl like all valet-

'iihe whi washes which contain

n3|i|¢,'_(|ou|- or glue are not to he advis- e for use in damp. interior blows. owing to danger of decomposition of tho ofwmgter. F01' elllill |093* tions lt I tier to use one of the for-

I' > t

.ri ,

or woman a 'pretty penny. Why not jellios, candied fruit, home-made bread, etc?

A girl, ten miles from a lemon, is

noted for..ber fruit juices, grape. cherry, raspberry, anything which

fthe home orchard odors, bottled and

steriliaed, ready to drink straight, or guugsd with ice water. Another girl washes lace curtains for all the neigh- bors. l A girl who lives on the main trav-

ilying while polishing the stove?-L.:

eled road to the county sent, and has a big airy room at her disposal and n. shady yard, with the help of u. sister, takes care of babies, whose mothers want to shop on Saturdays. They leave the child on their way in, and call for it on their way homie. A number of tiny hammocks, n, few toys, with the aforementioned room and yard, are all the equipment re- quired for this Saturday Shoppers' Nursery.

Many women nnd girls are deterred

from earning money in the home by u false pride, but if the thing which you have to sell is n little better than other people have to offer; if it is the thing in which you excel, you may well be proud to olier it, and it will usually be found that people are ready and eager to buy, especially if it is something which mnny people need and want.-Successful Farming.

IN TUE KITCHEN.

Cucumber i-ind cut into thin slips

and put about where ants abound will invariably drive them away.

Before using a new saucepan dll it

with water with s. lump of soda and some potato peelings nnd let it boil for some hours. Then wash out thor- oughlty and all danger from poison- ing from the tinned lining will be gone.

An egg that has been too lightly

boiled may be put into the sauce pan again, even after the top has been taken off, if an ordinary pin be dropped into it in n conspicuous plnoe, when it will be found that none of the egg has been lost. Care should be taken to remove the pin.

When baking small cakes or buns, flour the tins instead of greasing them. The cakes will not stick to the tins, and will bake quite its well.

When plates and dishes have to be

warmed in the oven, if o. ncvrspuper is placed underneath, it will break tho bent. nnd prevent the plates from cracking.

Frost bitten vegetiiblos should be

soaked in cold wntcr for one hour efore boiling. A piece of t~ialtpeti°e should be added to thc unter in which they are cooked. '

When making ii. fnuit pic do not

put the sugar on the top under the crust, but mix it with the fruit be- low, otherwise it niiikes the crust heavy and is more liable to boil out.

BAKING AND CARE OF BREAD

'Flint many liousekeepers fnil inthe

baking of their bread and in the care after baking is the observations ol' Miss Oborliii of the Colorado State Agriciiltiiral College. Slack-baked bread is unwliolcsomo anti indlgestible on account of tho uncooked starch and the living yeast plants. Not less than forty--five minutes should be al- lowed for baking even a small loaf.

lt' the oven is too liot, the outside

of the loaf will lii_ird_en quickly and thc gas in the centre will lift. tip the crust, leaving large holes beneath it. This will cause the top crust to breiik off' when t.lie loal’ is cut.

To lest t.lie oven, place one teaspoon

of Hour on u pie pan in the oveii. lf' it turns a golden brown iii tive niin- utes the temperature is right.. No test, however. can be n substitute for experience.

Allow the aid to circulate around

tho leaves while cooling. Do not wrap hot bread in clothes, for two reasons; it is likely to taste oi' the cloth. and the steam shut up in the loat' makes it dnnip and likely to mold. Wlieii perfectly <-old, bread may be stored in stone jars or thi boxes that have been thoroughly scolded and aired. Loaves may be wrapped in clenii paper or slipped into paper bags, but it is bet- ter not to wrap even colil brood- iii cloths. Never put a fresh halting iii- to n rcccptncle with stale bread.

PASTEURIZE MILK AT HOME

Though the housewife is doubtless

always careful of the family milk supply. yet with the coming of the warmer days slie probably qulckens her diligence in this matter. lt' there is the least question as to the cleanli- ness and healthfuluess of the milk supply, and abetter supply caunotbe obtained. it can be pasteurlzcd nt home with little trouble.

Milk may be pasteurized in the

bottles in which it is purcbase(l,_sa,vs ii. correspondence study course in lionie econoniics offered by thc liiiivor- sity of Wisconsin Extension division. Wash tho mouth and outside of the bottles well; if the corks are removed use sterilized cotton stoppers. Place the bottles in n kettle or pall with n false perforated bottom, thus allowing frce cli-ciilnlioii of water. l<‘ill tho pail with water to the level of the milk. lleat to 14 degrees l<‘nlii'eiiheit. and keep at that temperature for it half hour, or at 167 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 minutes. Then cool quickly to 50 degrees lf. or less. Keep cool.

Pssteurizing retards the souriiig of

milk and cream, does not change the flavor. and though it does not insure the destruction of all germs, nicsi of them are doubtless killed.

I' shear .`§

THE SHEEP INDUSTRY .

The shoep industry of Prince Ed-

ward Island has been growing in lin- portance year by year. The Depart- ment of Agriculture has been giving demonstrations in proper methods of dipping and the Federal Department have been placing Pure Bred rams in many sections of the country. Last summer Mr. Jennings of Philadelphia spent about three weeks in this Pro- vince visiting the leading growers of wool explaining the different grades and showing them how the sheep should be sborn and the wool rolled up. This enables the manufacturer to get the most possiliie out of the wool with the least trouble. The war has added a further incentive to wool growers throughout the British Dom- inions to make the best of their sheep. Not only is the flesh required for food but an abundance of wool is needed to make the uniforms and the cloth- ing necessary for winter campaigning. Only (hd bent arts of the iieeces are

sultahls`l'h'rl\iil)s purpose and lf long

wool and short wool ileeces are mixed together and if they have been tub- wasbed or the individual iieeces torn apart there is not much chance of lseparatlng out the good parts of the fleece but all must go for the coarser work, such as, carpets, etc., etc. To give an illustration, the shoulder of _the sheep is covered with the finest of the fleece; the _-thighs with the coarsest and on the belly the wool is very short. To serve as a practical ill- ustration a medium fleece may he div- lded into five classes or sorta. (al back, sides and brisket, (b) neck. (c) belly, (d) thighs, (e) eags. Wool well prepared. cleaned and honestly grad- ed will this year llnd a ready market at a very high price. The following directions are _given in pamphlet No. 2 issued by the Livio Stock Branch.

8 vb DIRECTIONS FOR CARING FOR SHEEP IN ORDER TO PRO- DUCE A GOCD QUALITY AND CONDITION OF WOOL.

(1) Feed sheep well and regularly.

Sheep poorly fed will possess a harsh fleece lacking in oil and frequently with a feeble or weak fibre. This does not constitute desirable wool for sale. Where sheep are starved for a period, the effects will be shown in the wool by a weak section which will break readily and, consequently, cannot be used satisfactorily for combing or worsted purposes.

(2) Every effort should be taken

to keep wool free from chaff, hay and burrs. This can be avoided by using proper feed racks and care in prevent- ing hay or straw dropping upon the sheep during feeding.

(3) lf sheep are scouring, if pos-

sible keep the wool well clipped - he- hind, so as to prevent the formation of heavy dung locks.

(4) Endeavor to eliminate in breed-

lug operations black sheep from the dock. Mate only .sheep possessing pure wool. Black wool is sold in the reject class.

(fi) ln marking sheep, never use

oil paint or tar, which are insoluble und will not scour from the wool.

(il) Sheep shouldbe dipped in some

reliable materialtwlce a year, in the fall before entering winter quarters and in the spring after shearing.

oisiac1'ioNs Pos PREPARING AND eAci<iNo woot..

(1) Slisaring should be done on a

clean board floor, never on the dirt, and the fleece should be kept as coni- pact as possible.

(2) Fleeces should be tied with

paper twine. never binder or slsal twine. Turn in the sides of the fleece and roll compactly from tail to neck with the bright. or clipped surface outward.

(3) The wool should he packed in

very closely wovoii jute, hemp of pap- er-llned socks.

(4) Tags, dun locks or stained

Last week . . _ ___ _ 8.25 Two weeks ago .. . . .. 7.85 Same week 1914 ._ _ 8.40 1913 . . 7.35 1912......... ,.......7;7li 1911 _ . . _ . .. (1.15

Sheep Market

Sheep Lambs

This week ._ ....$8.00 $10.00 Last week . . . . . . .._ 8.00 11.00 'l‘wo weeks ago 8.00 11.00 Same week 1914 7.50 9.50 1913 . _ . . _ . ._ . _ _ ._ _ 7.25 9.60 1912... ...7.00 9.00 1911 .____.l'i.25 6.75

Hog Market

Top price

ofl' cars

.$9.20 _ 8.90 _ 9.25 . 9.10 .10.0ll _ 0.00 _ 0.30

Thisweek...... ._ Lust week .. ._ . Two weeks ago.. _ ._ Same week 1914 .. 1913 _ . . . . _ . _ . _ _ . _ . .__ 1912..._._....... . _ . _ .._ 1911 . . . . ._ _

MAR KETS.

TORONTO, MAY 8TH.

Butter, Eggs and Cheese-

Eggs' _ . _ _ . . . . . . . . . ...$ .23 to $ .25 Butter, creamery _ _ __ _ _ 37 .36 Butter, dairy . _ _ ._ _ _ _ .35 _.'15 Cheese, new ._ _ _ _ . _ ._ _ .22 00 Cheese, old _ . _ _ . _ _ .._ .24 .00

Poultry- Dresled Weight-

Fowl, lb _ _ . . . . . . _ _._ .17 .20 Chickens _ . . __ _ ._ _ .20 .25 Spring Chickens _ _ _ _ _ .60 .00 Turkeys.. .. .28 _:lo

Poultry- Live Weight.-

Ducks _ . . _ _ . . . ._ _ .15 .18 Turkeys .17 .20 Chickens _ _ _ .16 .17 liens _ . . . . _ . ._ . .1-1 .ltl

Vegetable8-- `

Celery. bunch ._ .08 .10 Potatoes bag __ .65 .75 Cabbage, doz . _ .50 1.00 Carrots, peck __ .20 .00 Parsnips, peck ._ .20 .00 lleets, peck _ _ . _ __.20 .00 Tiirnips, bag _ . . . . ._ _ _ _.45 .00

Fruits-

Apples. Grecnings. bbl _ 51.00 .00 Apples, Baldwlns, hbl, _ _ 31.0() .()0 Apples. Spies, bbl 4.0() 0.00

Hay and Straw- Straw, loose .. _ _ _ _._ Straw, bundled ._ ll\1y.No.i __ ._ _ ._ liay, No. 2 __ ._ llay, cattle ._ . . _ _ . ._ _

10.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 13.00

11.00 17.00 21.00 18.00 15.00

To have the nervous system para-

lyzed to bc unable to walk and scarcely able to talk, and then lo be completely cured, is not ii usual ex- perience, bul. Mr. Hyatt tells iii this letter wliiit he passed through. Doc- tors told hliii his ease was hopeless, anti when they gave up he turned iii Dr. Cliase's Nerve 1-‘ood rind oliliiiiied complete i-ure.

Mr. Avery ilyutt, liliicksuillli. St.

Anus, Lincoln tio., Uiit., writes:--“I ani a blacksmltli by trade, and ten Y0l1l‘s ago became afflicted with par- alysis. l could not walk or read or write, nnd could talk with diiiiciilty. so thnt it was ti hard matter to under- stand anytlilng l would say. Being only ii young man, l was nearly dis- couraged. Two doctors told me itwas brouglit on by overwork, nnd that niy case was hopeless.

“One day my father read about Dr.

Chnsc's Nerve Food. and advised ine to try ii. l bought 1‘.2»licxes nnd when

Seized With Paralysis

Could Not Walk

Mosr sxTnAosoiNAnv cuss Ei=r-°i-:c'rED ev THE use oF os. cHAsE's Nssvs sooo

ilie fifth was used l saw that I wits gettiiig br-tier. ily tho tiiiie ihi- 12 hoxtrs were us(-(l i wng i-ur(-il, l am Iwell iiiul struiig and wui~ltiiig ev:-.r_\' day, thanks to Ur. (_‘Iiuse'u .Nerve l-`(i(it.l.

'l`lils sinti-iiieiit ie: <_'ei‘tifletl to by Mr.

1-iinion J..i|oill'_kins. .T. 1".

No :iiliiu-iii is iiiori- (lr:~ii¢li»il llinii

pai'iil_vsis_ And yet how |'(~w pi.-oph- i-eiilize that piiinlysis iii' thi- iicrves is only the iizitural rcsiilt of iiegler-toil iiervous troubles.

At first you do not sleep well, have

nervous lit-niiaclics or iiiiligt-stioii,flnil ,voiirsclf easily irritated :iiul iiniioyed. i-:iii hear iiiiiscs wliicli iii good lieiiltli you would never iioti(-c. You do noi t-oiisider _yourself sick. and yet you lack the usual energy and vigor and feel out. of sorts.

Restore the nerves by using Di'

(‘hnse's \'r»rvc Food. f»0r. ii box. (3 for $2.51). All dealers, or lfliiinuiison. flutes & Co.. Limited. Toronto.

queen. Colonies that are \'i¢i~_v iv-‘nk or queenlcss on have ii queen that pro- duces drones only should be united tn othcrs. The cappings of tiroiie-brood are raised nnd convex, whereas _those oi worker-brood are nearly flat.

EDUCATED CAPONS

To have educated capoiis or train-

ed canons is n simple task. The oh ject oi' ilic training is to get the i-:ip- on to "uiotlier" and take care ol' 11

iiiay doubt ilie assertion that u, capon will core for. chick to and take bet- ter cure of :i brood of little iiewl_\' lint(-lied eliii-ks tliun n niotlier licii. l know it to be ai for-t, however, that I ii capoii will do those things, lite(--.iiisi-‘ 1 have raised each year l'or the last six years nn average oi' 500 chickens.i and capns have been the only iiieuiis) of brooding the little fellows. We have not, during the last. six years., had rt lirooder of any kind on our) farm; practically all our choice were; raised with capons, and niucli bcticrl in every way than could be dont- with liens.

brood of little chicks. Sonic pei‘sons'.

(lie tlniiirio lleparimeiil of Agricul- llll'l".

THE CAUSE OF SMUT

The sniuis and rusts of groin are

fiiiigus diseases; that is, they are L-nu scil by iiiinuie colorless plants, culled fungi. wlii(-li have loss the power of niiiiiul`iictui~lii;: their own foo-i und have ht-(_-onic Llit-i\'v~s uiiil piiriislies, su.-:iliiig their l'oo(l from uiliei' plum.-= and iii so doing, injuring thoiii iii rr. ions wars, thus i~iiii.-liii: nhnv are kiiown ns fungus (list-asf.-s. The bol- ies of the fungi which cause smut and riis-is of groin voiisisi of line. di,-li- cnto tlii~i~iu.ls or tubes |li_vpli»ii-) wlilnli tire so exec(-(iiiigly small that .thi-_v can only lie se(-ii with tht’ tiitl of it iiiicro- scope. ’I`hcse live between the cells of thc grain plants :ind obtain their nonrisliineiit from them. Sonic ot these. fungus threads (liyplme) he- roine rliniigctl and produce rcpi°odii(~- tive siriiclures tcrnied spores, which serve the annie purpose :is the set-(l of t,iowci~iiig plants. viz: dispersal nnd 1'(-.prtiiliif_'tloii_

The spores of the smut prodiiriiig

Capons, like liens, viiry :is to the innivhiiini. with iittic chicks, _sniiicl are beter than others. But otit off the hundreds that l have trained. ll have never as yet found ii espoii!

fungi :ire usually foriiied in the cars or li(-:ills of the gruiii. The fiingus lliriintls (niyreliuiii) tiliht-k the iiii\v(‘i's wlieii they begin to (icvclcp iiiiil l`oc(l upon the food hciiig stored in the forin

1°

th th h'k._llll_.'l` 1* ~‘ 1*' `

23161311; hgh. ‘Sec ,;,?0L?,,e,1s\1.ilx,enP\§,,‘,\,T_ sands of little spores. 'Fliese coinposi- ing n canon with n,,w]y_hn|,.\,,.d 1 the l)ln_t~_k smut masses so iniiiiliar to

g . _ _

pieces should never be included with! the fleeces, but always packed separa- T.. tely ii' wool.is adherl-tg to them. _ _

(5) All black or gray fieeces should ' '

be packed by themselves. _ » `

(6) Lamb fleeces, possessing un- 'I' ed for sale as a distinct class. ZI‘ANT,S» WEEDS _AND FUN'

(7) The wool should be absolutely “US DISEA»`7E-‘-

dry at shearing and should never, sub- _*_* sequently, be permitted to become _ S0114 "B911 SD0¢il¥\¢f1S. li l>0flHlb1€. wet. Ulcllllllllg those parts of the plant be-

(8) Tubwashing should not be l0w ground, lower and upper leaves,

practiced. lf washing is followed atlfiowers, and fruits, or as many of all, let it be done on the sheep’s bask, these ns possible. Enclose them in a and at. the time of shearing keep the strong box with n little damp blot. washed separate from the unwnshed_ ting papen

Dried specimens may be sent if they

ure pressed flat between sheets of

‘ ,_ blotting paper and changed frequent-

_ ly until dry. Enclose them in folds of

~ newspaper nnd these between sheets

ol cardboard.

_\’ .mbe ' _

THIS WEEWS MARKET T095 simlinri; ilimbzrrifilngsssfilinlleliggziffl

___ Send fungus diseases packed dry in

$9'g€_R%§'tI;af It;'§f)'B °f§13fl5‘;~f;' n stout box. Wrap soft or juicy Ba'r,e'y 80° 'Bader' me Eiga' Zoe parts in cotton wool or paper before Cheese' (mfge) 17,/2‘c. _ packing. Potatoes are best sent in a

(,mcks_ lt-very luriiiei: 'l`lic_poros are exf~.|‘cil~

First, it must lic iiiiderstood that llllill' S“‘““3 “Ulm” “lm “f "le" 5”"

a Capo” is ,m-ferent from ,my mh,_.,. iiiuy lit: liiid by t‘l‘»ii_~iirlci‘ii1g the incl featbei~ed creature. ills nature has ill?" 0"" S'"“"l¢"l “"l"`“l gml" _",°“' been (.hang,,d by me Simple ,,,,,.m_;tttiiis li(-lui-en two ond flir(-c iiiillioii tion iicccsstiry to niakc it capon, iin1l"f 'l"`l"~ _ _ _ he no longer has an inclination U, The spores of the siriiit fiiiigi .iri- mn with hens 0,. olhm. p0,,m.)._ nm ._scnt1ored by thc winii, or by the thresh- also it must be remenibercd that not '"3' “ml lm"‘ll"'l{ 0' mf’ 'l=fm_l“ h‘,Uf"' even a Capo” likes to HW, 3 s0mu,.,.1i'asc ofusoiiie oi thc .~niuts._ l'<.ntli lonesome cxistciire, iiiiii iii his (-i`|`ort ;SP°\"‘-,ll l’la"‘-"l “_"'l°" l"`,"P"'_ "“'ld’ ,O nnd cmpuninnshipv me mpol, | iioiis.| is 1~zi|inlil(~_ol protltiiriiig its ltinri Immmlly mms to the young ,,,,,|,»niiii liiinlly ciiiisiiig again the piirtlcii-

ilnr smut or rust pi-cullar io the par(-ni

MONTREAL, May 5-Off cars, $9.50,_

$8.50; $9.00; Zllbéci 25c; 16%c;

BUFFALO, May 5.--Fed and \Vt1t-

ered $8.05; $8.25; $10.15; 820. ._

NEW YORK. May 5.-32c.. 2-fc..

17 1-2c_

'ron ouorarious 'ri-us week Ano comeanisous wn-H Pssvious vsAss_

TORONTO, May Bill.

Butter Market.

Farmers' Creamery

Separator V Prints

Thhiweok_...._._...28 31 Last week ._ ...29 32

Two weeks ago... .._20 33

Same week 1914 .._.__..22 1-2 23 1913 . . . . _ ._.22 1912_..._.__..__.__.22 24 1911 _ . . .__ ...20 21

Local Cheese Boards _

Top price at

‘ Local Boards

I-Lal--»-I-» "‘t¢"‘l.~a-.2 "‘7"T""‘t’ 'fwwraw P4 $ U)

ghis week. . . . . . . . .._ ante week 1914 ~ 19111

1912 _ .

itlii ._ ._

Eg Market

9 New Laid

This week . _ . .._ _ . __ .. _.20 Lastweek _ _ _ ._. .......20 Two weeks ago . _ .20 Same week 1914 ....21 1913.... ._ ....22 19121.... ..23 1011 . _ . . . . _ . . _ . . _ . _ . . ._.18

Grain Market

Wheat Fall

This week $1.40

-,iizast week ._ 1.40

wo weeks ago 1.45 66 _ Same weekl 14 1.00 45 1018 98 40 1012 . 1.05 ‘ 52 1911 84 41 . ...

Cattle Market'

Oats

05c (15

small cloth bag. Send all the stages of the disease that are observed.

Enclose your name and address on a slip inside the package, and ad- dress it to “The Dominion Botanist, Central Experimental Farm, Otta- wa." Letters and Packages so ad- dressed, if under twelve ounces, are carried free, and more than one such package may he sent.

HERB.

Spring: Management.- Bring' the

colonies out of the cellar as soon as the snow is oil the ground, and place them where they will be sheltered from cold winds. Contract the en- trances. Extra covering during early spring is advan.tageous_ Guard against robbing, and as soon ns weather permits, examine each colony seeing if it has sufficient stores and enough bees to bold together. See also if there are eggs and if these develop into worker-brook, which in- dicates the presence of a fertile

SMUT IN GRAlN CHC:-ci.

Last year there was a very large cu- try in the Fields oi' Standing (lraiul Competitioiis, and in many cases the competition was very close, there beingless than one point bctweiiii three or four of them. ln the score card that is being used by the judges. freedoni from smut. rust, blight and insects count ton points out of one liuiulrcd and as smut is ii preventable disease lialf the points ure awarded for frec- doui from this nloiic. lt is very inipor~ tant that farmers who intend to inter in the Standing Fields of (lraiii (`om- petitioii should treat their seed for smut, but, not only is it important on account of this (‘ompctilioii. hui. (lic average loss from smut in this pro- vince is probably in the viciiiity ol` $50,000. An excellent lielletin on this

subject has been recently issued by

inotlierless young oi' his species. lie _ _ _ simply takes couditioiis and the little l“"l~7“~‘-

chicks :is he iiiids tlicin and docs the best lie can. So there is not uiuf-li trouble, in giving fallier <-upon his

education _

The inaln thing iieccssnry is to have thc capon gentle. lic surf- he is! well powdered to free him of veriniui liandlo him enough so that be will, not be afraid oi' you; get acuuaiiitt-d with hint. We always prepare ii small yard anti colony coop usuiilL\' about len (lays before the liatcli eoiiics, of1', nnd pluci- the eiipou in it at iliiit time. This will give ltiin time to get, located nnd accustomed to hir new quarters and be contented with; his surroundings before the little; chicks are given him. All of wliii-iii is very necessary if ilic best results

orc expected.

LOOSE SMUT OF OATS

This is the coiiiiiioiiv-st nnd niosi

troiililcsoiiit- groin siiiui iii Oiiinriii. li (li-_stroys the kernel, tliv liiill :intl iii(- rlinff, rliiiiiglng llioiii to ii (lurk liiuiwii iiowilci' rvsiriiililiiig soot, so tlizil the wholi-_ lienil iiecoinos it iimss oi' .<iiiiiI_ 'l`heso siniit iiuisst-:-'_ wliirli :irc <~iiiii» p(is=|-il of millions of spores, :ire lilowii :iwiiy by the wiiid. l(-living only ilu- iinkcd liriiiielit-s ol' the lnfit»i‘i~s1-1-iii-~f.

|.ll<‘i-I ill:s"i`()R\’~-'l`lic sport-it nr.-

sciiiitsriai by thi- wliid about thi. linu- ilie outs are iii flower. They :iri- blo\vii to healthy heads of oats, nnd lodge on the grain, probably gt-ltiiig inside the hull onto the kcrncl when tho outs are in flower; here they ri-» inniii iloriniint until thc grain is sown. The (list-use is thus carried over ilu- wintcr :is spores on thc grain. in the spring wlieii the seed is sown and gcrniiiintt-s, the sanie conditions. viz: warintli nnd moisture. which cause the seed to geriiiinntin also ciitisc tlil- spores to gc-riiiiiinie_ When iii(-_v gi-riniiiatc, delicate fungus iltrentlsiire pr(itlu('e(l which penetrate llie \"0ry young seedling plants. 'fliis is tho only time wh(-n iiife(-tioii vnu take pliu-e. The fiiiigus tlir<-ads live insiilc ihc tlssiies nf tho oat plant, following the growing point tip the stein, nnil when the lit-ails form. cuter thi- yoiiiig di-vclopliiif, grains and floral i~iti'iii:iiiros, for-dint: upon thc foods bein,-; stored iii the ovules_ Tliese fungus threads. wlilcli nre very nbun<l:iiit_ iiniilly illviili- up into numerous spores. ctiiivcrtliig iii»- groiiis and vhnfi' into ii niiiss ot' siiiui_

'l`ltEi\'l‘!\1l'Il\"l`-~()iit smut i-:iii b.-

`" _`iT§iitiiiiiTI1"oii' `p`a;L`.7`i»1(-`\~`e`ri`»' ' `

| Zn-__ T __ i __

Put Any Weight on .a Maritime Fence

and it stands the test. Man or beast can't break it down. Maritime Fence never sage or gets out of shape. Made from extra he im orted hard drawn steel wire, thicker,

Top price

for beef cattle'

Thilweek... .. ......$8.25

lfiiirrntff

stronger-`s_"li% galvmlzed so ifls peel~proof. Kia the lasl word ln atren and durabiiit .

The %§ quality of lllaritime fence is in the

simple loc w the bull dog It never lets go- never lets the fence get croo e . aritime Fence is al- ways nightly ; always straight-always best. The quality of material snip-construction makes it Bert.

Don’t buy fence until we Five put our catalog

and price list into your hands, postpaid, by mail. Com

you nothing to find out all you want to know about wire fence. Get your pen new and write on a posfil" "Send the catalog.” 9 New Bnaawieli Wire Fence C0.,

Halcion ~“-“Isle Brunswick

//// /'///// ) `

. f_’/W _->>“"' ._ U' T

"ML X 93 /// -X' ".f.\1‘ ` 1

it _ ‘

"'»ii:.if..-))’»'-.ifuaiarr-a~ :v-fi... 4 --1 ' - ._tf _ . R/qw ,_/’f, _. - ~` f -A. ' "... -"~ - f- ¢ f

$1* ~_\ \\ _

1 ._- _ \\-=_,-_Z1 ,’____

if `

._ i _ ~

_ . ,i

I , . ‘ . ht. *gi I w _ ,_

X fl" _ . y ‘ __ .gi _ .if'_, ‘\. `> " -1 - 0 _i _‘_-_-_-\. ' :» ' 1-1-1 ft- -_ > ‘ ’ ‘ `

` ._, t , , .. _

. ¢. _ -....»‘.'..t - -_~'f»‘-,.;,~»._ -___ _. ‘], _'_' - ~ - .fa-»=~__ .,, .,, .__ \ - -.51 .f.»-,.1 -2:- -- ra- .,

’ " ~,» »' .. " » .'°‘“ _-. '-..,"_i,fi,;¢-_f ”»~'-6;! .'s¢`~-i`<‘.;f~.";'_!-

. -.- --/i. if-i-,»» f-if - -,.},;.,,;.

.i.

if.

'. -i.

._ __ ._ _..___\;.- *-

‘-1