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THE CHARLOTTETOW GU RDIA

M0101 lN('l

w lcl<:l;l.\' t.\'

c_ fr <,- ,~r <-_< :,.

» _/ Article in Which T here ls Much That Is lnstrucfifve, ,

,-N _ Spectacuiar

(dopyrght. 1010. by the New York llerald Co. All rigbtl reserved.)

_ NEW YORK, Saturday. LITTLE sand, a little limestone, rt little

“ alkali, 3,600 degrees of heat and an awful

lot of llyslan interest," mixed thoroughly, properly and according to Hoyle, ami tile result is l\ glass bottle (a lnilk bottle, for

instance). the ordinary milk hottie that you tlnd on your back stoop in the morning, or on the dulnbwniter if you are a town dwellcr.

To see ll hottie nlatle is to witness one of the most

interesting' sights in all manufacture. This lloids, no matter whether the hottie he lllllcllllle nlatle or man

mndp. The machine operates ill a \vollderi`ul way, but the u.lan»-well, in hottie lnaklng the labor oi' the human worker is spectacular always. dramatic very often. _

The old question regarding the ultimate destination

of all the pins might be applied to tile bullies, except that the answer in the latter case is much easier. 'l‘he

pins are lost, the bottles are broken. That is \vlly 2,880,000,000 bottles were made ln the United States last yearf Of course, ‘these figures mean very little to the man who does ills reckoning in thousands or even millions. but they convey a very good idea of the vastness of the bottle ulakhlg industry of the country. Also, between 1900 and 1905 there was an increase of tlfty-tive per cent and the expansion sillce has been very great.

The man who gave the recipe quoted for the

production of ll milk bottle is .superilltendellt or' tilt; Long Island City plnllt of tile Ilottlers and .\l:lllu- facturers' Association luld tile Bottlers and Manu- facturers' Supply Company. of New York. I-Ie knows all there is to know up to date about the nlaklnf: of bottles. and can tell you ol' the steps marked by the industry from the days of the Culonlals, who began making their own bottles down on the sallds oi' Southern New Jersey. ncur the place so appropl'laiel_r railed Glnsshoro. _ ‘

_ An Artist at Work.

Up to 1820 the actual framing of it bottle depended

principally on the craft of the llaud, bllt along in 1895. nt n little factory in Flellvel' Falls called “Tile Yellou' Cow," a lnllcblne \vas set up for lilo prodllr- t. .f snlnli. wide nloutll ware like the i'anllIi:ll' lit-

tl -‘oline bottle. Then came an llppliallre that turatti out the wide rnolltll fruit jar. and tlleu l-:tale on improvement wllich pcrllllitcd the lllalltlt`:lr‘.lll't- of bottles with narrow necks. 'l`o-day there are bull- dreds of nmchilles lllrlklng all sorts of bottles, but tile machine-_l8_nQt the mall, and to see the latter ln action \`\ to witness one of the most fascinating operatiolls ill 1

_____,_.~._----»" -TT' "_‘_‘.r‘f__'~_***_~>f ‘_--1?--_-_ - _-_ -~a&_\__*________ ___ _.___ __ ___ _ -»~. _.

_ _ _ _ ________________ _ _ _______ _ _ ' __ _ ._ _ ._ _ _ _ _.__ _ _ __

`l’.‘.'~.‘L5ll‘l.'.’\-l”'ll...1l CHARLo'1"1‘m‘0WN, 1>R1NcE EDWARD ISLAND, TUESDAY, APR1L 26, 1910. ' ` WiM'___`

__.__-. _.. _-~ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _i _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _____ _ 1. _._ __.____-___.__ ____-____-..____ N~___.__ ._.-v,___ _ .__ __ _ __ _ _,L_-_ 5 `_

1: A .\illN'i'i| lil' MAIL i 00 i’i'Iil \'i'2AiL15\’ MAILI

Qc' <<

_ W M i

NFAMILl-AR Story of the Production of a F \ - - - .

and Often Dramaln

interest, for on them depends the success or failure or the bottle we are about to see made.

The Ingredients.

“A little sand, a little limestone, fl little alkali."

In a cellar a mall shovels sand_into a wheelbarrow and “`1'ilrils lt_ lie tips ii. on the floor in a heap. An- other lllzln adds the lllnestone, another the alkali, all l>l‘vl1\‘l`|.\' broportiom-d to the quantity of sand. Almost ally kllld of sand will do, but the cleaner it is the better. Very good sand is found ln the llerksllires

alld some ill l’enllsyivanla, but that wlhicll the man is wllecillllr to the heap on the tloor camo from Bel- Slllin. It was brought over as ballast llnd transferred |'.\' iiirhicr to the East ltivcr pier. -

'.l`\\'o other men tackle the heap on the floor. Eaell

has a shovel and they work opposite each other in criss-cross fashion and very carefully mix the mass, Ulilkilll-I the blend ulliforln throughout. These men lllllst not edlirk their task. \`t-ry soon tile material liU'.V ilrc at work on will be tlle groundwork of the bottle, and unless the shovelllng is done with skill and care the subsequent operations will fall.

Machines have been used for the work those

two lnlcn arc doing, bllt here is where the personal equation is above nlcehanism. The law that drives

the one part of the mass»to the outer edge and kt-eps the other in tile centre worlzs against the proper biendlllg of the' ingredients. Shovels wielded by nu-ll must he employed.

So these t\vo men <‘arei'ully mix their various parts

of sand, alkali and limestone. Also there are soda, potasll_ lilne. allllnilm anti oxide of lead.

Soon 'the men with tile shovels have done their

work and the “hatch." as it is new called, is car- ried from the mixing place by an endless belt to a point near the lncl-ting tank in the nlllln shed.

Here lt is deposited automatically in the open and is ready for the Platonic breath of the 3,600 degrees ol' heat.

Next in the process comes a man who is called a

“sllearer." He. also with a shovel. places enough of the "hatch" ill the tank to keep the contents at a uni- fornl deptil of about forty-two inches. And over this tnass stelldlly pours front above the terrific heat that rc;;fistel'.= 3.600 rieglft-es_ i~`allrenheit. Some idea of 1l.ililtl di-fgrees l<`allrellheit nllly be had ily recalling ll summer tiny when the nlerellt'_v ,reaclles tile 100 mark.

, "This beat blast," says tile sll|lerlllten<lellt. "comes from all appnrattlfe ltnowll as the Slclllalls regenera- tive furlmre. it is the invention of the great engineer ot' that name and has been illl|lro\'ed and atlllpied by Andrew Ferrari alld other Alllerlcllll expetts. Wo in-ep the furnace in an adjoining shed. as you will no

(

Q W W

Ln -_

Feeding the "Batch" into the Melting Tank, Where the Terrific Heat Regis'

ters 3.600 Degrees Fahrenheit

the end. He quickly pulls the rod out wttll its cnngmg burden and steps lively until lle reaclles ll small tub Qf soapy water; close at hand. in this tub partly im- lnersetl is fastened half of u small hollow steel sphere, The mall gives to his melted glass a quick turn or two in the hollow sphere. ’l‘he glass takes on a shape like n b:lll on the end of the pipe, This lnan, you' recall. was called the “gatherer."

_ The Blower at Work.

Now comes the other' mall we notlced»~thc

"blower," It is his turn. He reaches for the hol- low rod with its ball of glass on the end, lays the glass globe against a slab of marble or lnetlll-~tlle_v have both kinds~called rl "nlarvering stone"-gives to it ll few certain and absoiultely correct revolu- tions and. behold! the glass globe takes on a cylindri- cal form, something like a great pearl, and also there ;.'ows a pear shaped end that ultimately will be the

. ~ _ ,_v_

havfan accident in their gathering, their marvermg

or blowing. All they show besides their d*' and lkill is an earnest desire to do their work welL They take a pride in it and their ability for precise skill." 9 "‘

The air bulb is formed. The blower movevon.

He inserts the glass in a metal mould. se! A-few lnclfbfp

below the platform which runs round tlfa tflhl. w mould is in two parts, one inilnovlible, the d I hinged and controlled by a foot lever. Thae glaplmfl nun moving to me eau of the liollllw rua' and* Qi. lone bubble in me centre is intact. The glass is ithit ln :ne mould by me root or tue bio-vt-r on the l`J§`ér. The man then blows in his pl|le's end until *tho iid!! has expanded to the side of the ulould. Lpoliilfn of the glass projects above. The blower Jerflfml pipe away with ll queer little twisting :notion and passes it back to thc glttherer for a repetition 0! that artist's part in tile making of the bottles.

So far, so good. The neck is next. in the mould

the glass cools very rapidly and it is nut left there very long, only tor a few seconds. Along comes in- oiher artisan, it "snllpplllg boy." He has a little clutch in his build and he prius open tile mould. Out he takes the potential bottle, sets it on a scale to felt its weight, und, noting this, carries lt, fastened in an

iron case with ll very long handle, to another expert, who is seated quite comfortably in front of a' small but very hot furnace. This nlall, too, has his queer name. He is a "gutter," and his business is with necks. His furnace has many openings, called "glory holes," and into one of these he shoves the bottié and its iron case as they are handed to him by the “snap- ping boy." ln ll jiily what is to be the neck of our bottle is l'eilt~uted into a plastic state. Jerking it fl'om the furllncc, the “gutter” jams the end of the bottle illto a patent stopper so adjusted as to abso- lutely make the size oi’ the,.neck. This stopper has arms of iron and revolves, And in a few -*motions your milk bottle is t-onlplote. '

The Finishing Touches.

Ilclidy for the nlarkct'.’ Not quite. Another muh,

highly paid alld skiileli in the knowledge of what 3698 to make glass extrenlcly bl-lttlc, or otherwise, has his inning. lie takiis till- bottle, still very hot, and putl it ill s brit-lt rllalnbel- or oven called a *‘lear," 'and hero it is cooled gradually. 'l‘lle chamber over which in presides is from seventy to ninety feet long, and hll part of the process of bottle making is called ln-

nealing_ First comes 1.000 degrees of heat for our practically finished product. and then it is pulhdd

The "Blower"

View Showing "Marverlng §toncs‘_‘ and Moulds Arranged Around the Gather-

ing Tank ~ I

Tm; "Gaftcr Who bhancs thc Neck oi thc Bottle

Nhlcll a deft nano, a quick, sure eye and an active,

steady brain can be clllpl~l_\-ell. l

The Luau who inakcs bottles ls :ln al'l¢»t. lie is well

pn|d__3f|2 n dn-1 gg H fair wllge for lll||l~ ard he is all the walls mnktilwl dis-alto'""‘l\-XI--\'lil'1\l~l reel "°'l"‘°‘ that not only atnazes but thrills tile olllookt-r.

There are tlottlennlkers who are so deft. so keen of eye. so accurate in .iiidlrillvill illi" -"‘“' """ "IMO liilhlylxt-‘f them a bottle of any size ur sllapt- you desire. ,ll vm); rom your very eyes ;|“.,.\. ,min will |.~plt»t'i\ltlr:h€ model exact as to size. ""|“r' funn and UW" “lo Li (atv

plant lpokgot tho awful lm “f l“l'mIt“- iu‘<h"ll\~<o zlfler ‘nk to th? making of “ bump IW \mi“‘l~l ti|ll='t'lis-.il\:\. nil. it is the personal element that ent qu _h H- (_“m_ »tion that surrounds the mni.'illi»? Of *“}‘;;0-nl; '”"”V"‘“‘ ’“"""° ““ ~“’“" °f"r"'d'."v mi. ‘ lit-files ln mln

Wall. lot’s neo just llon_they ma »<“ ‘ ` -M mme Loan island City ll|l\C<“~ “"1 "nm algmf im- rant H3” ‘°°"f"° "“°.d” °x'°“.dmg\ fmdnllgni? i’\‘:t>\bst<-l~ street. Iliver back to Wernrm in enut an V _ 1 Il

lnls ni’ all L I

0 |_|h|d llrfull of c-nal and tile mater ‘ I _L -il- -- »-~--_ -- af. ‘.r.°:..:.

and ir a pnrattul n tll.rd_lloitis tilt on l ff\¢\0t\')r flllgy V0 3° i" ""` bofm. 'n"l::»(l(-lllllntn to the

.nm “H tune “hed” uw "wml". guru prldt- Men. big veatrlli one lvllovo the bnltlin ll frmh "ho amd Clear eyed and P|*'""""t wma'-mnwl ala nil worit- ‘tu mlotltm-, ancil on his own tasl. intron ]l_ wlme dw dnl with the l-oltenlnn that I' milmlwiltb the craftv Ellodnct depenldn on the quit-It tloua . _ - and and tio teen l~.l’°~ 0 ,mm Th.. 'yt-|m_-lpnl appnl-nllln in tile Swllumd

of two low cllnnlllern mmle of 'Nfl .N aretl lo lesllii -in vom- stove, but ll brick »\l\ri'li\ .\ ll i" _ v mhm, | . _ _ .M 1. ‘lust thu "mon" hunt' num dm.” m“lL‘w ' lnull bille. Tell 'W' °°"“°°‘°a nt mo h"m."" Ll nl: it-n feet tvlihlll hm mlb' th” ehnnnwwl nw-M" Iililth tn‘ll: the ollllll' and ep-¢\|||\t-_ Ono illvllltlwtl lm- an K tru his nom" or the gathering tank. lllil" l“° W” '

D i

lice, and we convey the heat to the meltilll.; tank if ll conduit.

The Terrific Heat.

"llltellse llent is llecessllry to fuse the lnllterlals ._.

tile ‘baltt-il.' and the Siemens lurllllce rrelltes this heat

by a colllbilstiotl of superheuted gas and superileated air. it is just the satlle as lf yuu`\ve|'e to feed your stove with heated air. V

“You might have noticed," adds the superintendent.

"that the nllln we cllil the ‘sllellrei'.’ while feeding the ‘bateil' into the melting tnllk. threw ill with it a few bits of broken bottles collected for remeltillg. This ls called lt '<-ullet.‘ there being at theory that it will cause u better grade of glass to be protlu-_-ell. 'i‘ili_~l is one of the odd lllllllol about glans bottle nlltkillg. for we do not really know whether it is a help ol' merely a legelld-*ix sop to superstition, ns il \'»‘m'e. At any rate the broken hotties go with each 'hatch' as s sort of ceremony. lf they ,help well and iwvd- M any rate they can do no lll\rln_"

.\leal._.nle the nlen at tile' lllg tanks are watch- irll; the fusinfi process with practised eye and man- aging it with deft band. and ,ai the melted mass. fused bv`the savage hlast from above, pours to the bottom ‘of the melting tank it flows on through tile passage already mentioned to 'the nd.l0iUil\lr iIilU\L‘l‘° pq; tank. This molten m s is now liquid niass, and. being heavier than tile ingxdlentn of which it is made. onsiiv finds its wal' to the second tank. \\'l\f‘l'r lil ll" rlval‘in carefully watched r :loted il! »'ll“" 'mg U01* who work in aqtladli of nlx. _.ich squad being tnowll as a "shop," '_l‘lleso "shops" stlceeell one naorller ronaeiesniv dav and night almost rho wllole >"‘1\\' rollnd, 'filer ritlrrolllltl this marvellous caldrou and front its contents lunko their hotties.

The nlasn we have followed to H10 RI'll|l°'»'\ll8 milk

¢. “ow visenun and sticky and rentiy-for lilo oxil“\’U- who t‘uli‘ll tllo prnlnise that there is "all awful lot of ltumnu interest" in the bottle reolD0-

,J _ _

Brick Ovens. Seventy to Ninety Feet Long, Where thc Finishéd Bottles Are

_ Cooled Graduailv

't‘?;::'e are notes ill tae valdron wall tnrougn which

the molten glass can be seen. .\roulltl the tank anti two feet oft' the ground is a nll'r-rolv platfornl. On thin stand the nlell who are now to do their '~'_in tho lnaklnt; of the bottle. 'l`lle holes tllrotn, Il you can see the red mass are called "rillg~z." Each -ls about a foot and ll half in diameter. 'l`wo men llre at eacil "ring"--one the "gnthercr," the other tile “blow-er."

And thus is reached the title point in the making of

our bottle. Keep your nyc on the gntherer first. lie is nn artist-a master. in his llnml he carries what tho superintelldent tells ull in a lllo\v|lipo_ it is n metal rod tive fuer long, about tlll'ee-<plal'tel~n or all inch in diameter and hollow. The artist jars ihil rod l\1\'0l1|lil nllo of the llolcn in the tank. stic n its end into the siolten glass. deftly iwintn it until he han ll certain absolute quantity of the rod viscous ulusn attached to

' 1

neck _of n milk bo. _ ».

Then the blower proves his right to $12 a day all

wage. He lifts his mans of glass from his mar- vering stone and puns just n little air through the other eild of tile pipe. This air nnthers in tile centre of the mass of glans It becomes a bubble. to be ex- panded in an-instant to the i'ull size of the bottle about to be nlude.

"If, an amateur were to take a rod and try to do

wan: that mnn has done." soya the falnerlntrndent. "there would be serious trouble. because tile amfdeill' could hor possibly cause the molten glass to adhere to tile hlolvplpe. no mlglrtttwlnt and twmt. but tile mmm would drop air. and tbo_cl\an<~n| tm- more would be n nasty little explosion. Bwuue car mn" i"\°Wl how to do the trick in wb? hr- earns ills ver! “il wages. and with his partner in cnpnble of* mnklllz 240 dow: quart bottios A lh7.- Rarely 0° i ”"-iW°

_s .

_ "i I

_ tt ._\».l _

along down througll this |-huulner and into a pale sage way. With ear-il move the temperature reached is lovver, and for twelve hours the bottle is thu! moved alollp; tllrougll tile gradulllly cooling passage until at the earl it is l-ellrly for delivery.

"lain _yall tltqict- lla- boy who \veil:hed the hotties?"

asked the ~<ll|»<~:'illtl-lah-lit_ “\'\'<-ll. it tnay add to tho interest _von are tlllllllp, in the making of bottles to know that tile wt-l;:bi must not vary more than an ounce ill si-vellteelr it rari~ly ever does. So you can see anoiiler angle of lin- skill of the gatherer in taking his nlatorlal i'l'onl the molten mass.

“l~`or tile making ol' bottles." the superintendent

added. “ii is not lleet-\sllr_v as a rule to have the hljltelf gl-“de of glass. For lllstnllce, if we wished to get 1 bonp- gptgs of ll sell grl-ell tillt we would use ll dif- ferent bielld of sal-tl ami alkali and limestone from that used in our llllllc bottles. but ii’ wc wished a hilt glass bottle we would use just about the same sub- stances. but would ciloost- tilt-nl more l'ul'efui|y lllld than use alllilllony to bleucll the mixture. Bottle

glass runs till-ongll tllany _-l\a¢le?, from pure wt to deep black ii` lllnbel' is \v:||\ie< we add ll few ouhcel of black had to n Illllllirell poullds of sand. lf WB want blue we throw ln souls- peroxide of cobalt.. \_v,_

“Long apo the sllllsttlllces we mix with the Hand

WM... prppal-ell by tzrinditllg in our own factories, but nowadays we get illem from lnell who make a apa- cialty of prcpllrim; them for the glass workers." V

And as the man who knows bow to make bottial

gong-lndetl he returned to his tllsk of overseeing tho men lnixlng tlle “bat\_-ll." the lzllllletwrs loading their pipes, the blowers deftly starting their huhbiol, tht boys llurryillg hither and thither and the vnrioup and interlocking ill-vices that work together carefully and smoothly for the ploductlon ot' an article which ll so ._-ou;_ulon and so well known that it scarcely 5001.11! worthy of even a passllllg thought-the 'milk botdo of Qoululetce.

___ .Y ¢-----~ --

ANTS' NEs'rs UNDER GLASS.

.\‘O\'EL'l‘\' ill ilondon ls the "Lubbock form!-

A rarlutn," a portable ants: nest dlied with the lIV~

pig insects The nest is enclosed in a frame tsl

mclm. _square shaped like ll picture frame. When it I, 495;,-aa to t>t\ser\~e tile ants t-ngnged ill their occa- patlolls tile opaque cover ot the frame in removed and tl glass one is substitllted. Besides ants other small insects naturally associated with them are onclclod in tile nest. Each nest is-supplied with lrqneen Int, or without. as amy be desired. and complete diffe- tions are given for managing the nent, _whicb, itil said, may be kept tn good condition for sevetli Then formlcariums not only afford ploa»\`li‘0 to em dren, but oder opportunities for acientldc study.

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