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THE GUARDIAN

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Nothing Encouraging

From all accounts the Big Four Foreign Ministers' Conference is having hard sledding, harder per- haps than had been anticipated. While no one, not even the Foreign Ministers themselves, can predict the outcome with any assurance of accuracy, anyone can see that noth- ing has happened so far to warrant optimism. Indeed. it looks very much as if the ”Geneva spirit” must remain a theoretical force for some time to come. After a week of dis- cussions the only agreement reached is a negative one, namely, not to in- vite either of the two German gov- ernments to the conference. Mr. Molotov's insistance on doing away with the Western alliance as a pre- lude to German reunification is so preposterous that it is scarcely worth mentioning, except as one more proof of Russia's obstruction- ist policy. Only I government com- posed of madmen would agree to any such foolish proposal.

Evidently believing there is not much chance of coming to a political accord, Western delegates are try- ing the Russians out in the field of cultural exchange. Certainly, elim- ination of censorship on news from Moscow, reciprocal establishment of information centres, distribution of films on I co-operative. basis, en- couragement of unrestricted tourist travel, In d anything else that might help, even in a small way, to break down the rigid barriers that now stand in the way of an under- standing, would be of considerable benefit to all concerned.

But these are suggestions which Western ,governments have been pressing on the Soviet Government for years without making any no- ticeable dent in Russian obstinacy. "And if, as it seems, the Russians are adamant in refusing free communi- cation between the two German zones, what hope is there that they will encourage that cultural freedom in a wider sphere? It is not a pleas- Int thought; but he would be an incorrigible optimist who would con- tinue to look for tangible results from the present Geneva Confer- ence on the basis of anything that has happened up to this time:

A Significant Report

Five years ago, when he was President of Columbia University, General Eisenhower set up a ”Pro- ject for the Conservation of Human Rcsotirces." Participating in the undertaking were representatives of the university faculty, business or- ganizations, private financial foun- dations, labour unions, and the Un- ited States Government. The idea was to find some way to avoid waste- in the application of individual tal-

life. An interim report has now ilflfifl made by the Project's director and it shows some interesting tliiiigs. Pcrliaps the most significniit fact brought out is that of those college stiidcnts who are supposed to have fit? Irrcatcst aptitude for lcarning--- that is to say, those who make the hitzhcst marks in intelligence tests- JPSS than 30'; go on to graduation. "This fact", the director states. "ha: imlmrlant policy implications for employers". ile then goes on 'to ex- press this rather unusual opinion: "Any personnel policy which differ- entiates sharply between college trained and the non-college trained in dangerous. The college trained group includes many individuals of quite average and perhaps inferior ability, while the non-college train- ed group includes many very able persons." . , That this is In unusual opinion is evidenced by the fact that, for I good many years now, an academic "degree-Ihnoot regardless of the ltondords of the bestowing lnItitu- -

ofextnordinory Iblllty.ln- -itbu blcuuoaluionttnipor foryImlFI0IIIe'wholIctiao-

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em to various phases of community . M70 mlllili 59 mPnli0ned. USE 1710"?

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with it lie Iiightest executive re- Iponsibility. This report of Presi- dent Eisenhower's Project will per- haps help to clear the air and to put the whole. matter of academic at- tainment in a more reasonable and less mythical light. It does not sug- gest that academic degrees are worthlesse-that would be an equally sei'ious error-but it does demon- strate that other considerations br- side formal education should have a place in the determining of an in- dividuals fitness to shoulder respoii- sibility.

Britain Annexes Rockall

Rockall, a North Atlantic islattti about as big as a baseball diamond. finally has found an owner. With traditional ceremony, Great Britain has claimed the lonely stone speck 280 miles northwest of Ireland. A landing party from the survey ship I-l.M.S. Vidal went asliore. planted a flagstaff, unfurled the Union Jack. and left behind a plaque commem- orating the annexation.

Long roamed only by winds aii.l sea birds, this newest possession of the British Crown stands only 70 feet high and little more than that in diameter. Its total ShOl'8ill'l” measures only 250 feet. It was an- nexed because it may fall within the orbit of a proposed guided-missiles range in the Hebrides.

Looming starkly from the sea, Rockall has felt the feet of few ad- venturers. To take a boat through the pounding swells and neighbor- ing reefs is hazardous except in dead calm. Parties from I-l.M.S. Endymion clawed to.its summit in

captain had ”chased" the island. mistaking it for another ship with white sails aloft and dark hull be- low-an illusion perhaps created by guano on the pinnacle.

Far off normal sea lanes, cramp- ed and waterless, Rockall has never had a lighthouse. its hazards are increased by a reputed area of mag- netic disturbance two to three miles off the island. So far as is known no person has ever lived there. The rocky hump, exposed summit of a 60-mile-long submarine range known as the Rockall Bank, has borne several names, says the National Geographic Society. The earliest known was Rockabarra (Gaelic for "the spiked rock"). Others were Rockol, Rokele and Rocil. Orni- thologists debate whether the islet is a breeding place or merely a sum- mer resting site for seagoing birds. One survey revealed four adult guillemots (narrow-billed auksl on the rock and some 10 others on the near-by sea.

EDITORlAL NOTES

Paivnbroking must be a litera- tive trade. When a man in the busi- ness advertised for I porter, the printer made it appear as though he wanted a ”partner". The telephone didn't stop ringing all night, he says -so many persons wanted to get in

the biisiness.

A British doctor has expressed the opinion that men who run the 26 mile marathon probably use up more energy than channel swim- mers. Yes. and if the truth were known. liardworking men like lum- bernien, miners, and many others

4-iii-i'gy than either the the swimmers. I

runners Or

it is reported that Japan's coal industry is declining rapidly. And all because of a strike in the fall of ” 1932. It lasted so long that the gov- ernment advised industrial firms to turn to oil; which they did, with the result that when the strike finally came to an end the demand for coal had dwindled very considerably, and it has been going down ever since To make matters worse, American coal can be sold in Japan for S5 less than the home product. 0 O I Russian archeologists, working in the glacier regions of ancient Scythia, have dug out the frozen bodies of a number of warriors said to have been buried more than 2000 years ago. According to a Swedish scientist who examined them, the bodies were in I perfect state of preservation, fbecause the tombs were covered with loose flat stones that reflected the um'I rays but ad- mitted water and cold Iir no that the contents were fi-omen into solid block: of ice”. Evidently, refriger- ation in not In modern I technique

1810. Shortly before, Endymionl:-'

firs EASYS!

OTTAWA REPORT

ations.

know

Crown ('orpiiI'alinll5.

sonally each year.

Canadian National Railway system inns. it film studio, a rubber plant system, a cable company, an air

businesses. of this type include lending money marketing wheat, renting houses mining coal, operating harbours building aircraft. miinitiniis. and fabricating metals

Broadcasting Corporation.

An even more glaring example of the taxpayer covering an operat- ing loss is the (Liiiadian National Railway. which last year called tip- on hint to iniike good its deficit of 829,000,000

OUR HUGE INVESTMENT

told Parlimcut iiii his b url get speech this yr-at iilfll the taxpayer's money iIIVD.KIAl(l ill (frown corporat-

ions amountcil in sl.795.l00.fl00 in addition. the lzovernment has made siilisliinti.-il loans backing up its interest Ill tlinsc business and similar iinilei-inkiiiizs. Mr Harris did not dist-in-n this additional debt.

Every (laii.i4li.'in taxpayer. wheth- er or not he uislies and whether or not he knoiis it. has money invested in flu-xiv various projects. The average liillicr. as head of a family. czirrics lllI.K' particular baby for his wife and children. This means that he has 5274 invested in the ('.V R: N42 invested in the Central lilni-tiiiiuc and Housing Corporation; .928 in the National Harbours llnarrl. sin in Polymer Corpor:ilion: S5 in the ('FlC.: and so on to a total of S470. These fill- urcs do not include the loans. These (lriuvn Corporations Ire nominally under the control of the clct-tcii representatives of the taxpayers. uttr VlP's siilini! in narlimiient But a very real ob- ieciinn in the operation of these Crown ('ornornlions today is that in pr.-irllsv Parliament is not per- mitted by the Cabinet to exercise any but riihhcr stamp control over them I-nrnnratinns.

IHNGER T0 DEMOCRACY Normallv MP's receive no In- swers to their qiiestions seeking information about their staff and ihcir operations In the rare cases where a Crown Corporation is ex- mninod bv a committee of Parlia- monl. lbn rules of nrim-(litre per- mils im more than lip service in thonrlnrilnln that MRI are watch- mmc for this laxnhver.

Tho doc-nlv danrn-rniin but little nerri-ivc-rl menace of the Crown Conmration as I permanent limb

The Igor. slot,

For if then! tlillu be h yoi. and abound. they mate you iht ye shall neither he barren nor u- fnllful in the Imovirdle of at IAN J!-In Cllrfd. Dll h (1 ludietli then man i blhl. j and no III! III. Id hi H-

Yet you are almost certainly com- pletely unaware that you have any interest in these government buli- nesscs. Pnssibly you do not even of the existence of these . Undoubtedly ynii arc in cmnplete ignorance ab- nut lmw nun-li they cost you per-

There are twenty-nine of these Crown Corporations. as well as the

They include a group of radio stat- a uranium mine, I hydro-electric

liner. a steamship line. and other Government activities

manufacturing

All taxpayers are compelled to , provide the working capital for i lhesc government enterprises. If the operation of these Crown Corpor- ations and Government agencies is not financially profitable, we find that our liability is not limited to the amount of working capital al- ready siibscribcd. On the contrary. ' we are cnnipclled to foot the bill for their annual loss. as in the case of the increasingly costly Canadian ,

Finance Minislr-r Walter Harris l

Crown Corporations

By Patrick Nicholsm

Otlaiia. As an average Canadian taxpayer. you are a typical share- holder in out thirty Crown Corpor-

of government is its arrogant ten- dency to progressively increasing dictatorship. It deliberately and un- lawfully by-passes Parliament. it skulks behind the red tape curtain of improper secrecy. It flaunts the law of-the land and the rights of the individual.

Each and every M.P. should -iemand recognition of his right to tree and full access to all infnr mation concerning every Crown Corporation.

Without this information. no M.P I- can carry out. his task of super- . vlsing how the taxpayers” money is spent. Without this information, , no M.P. can check up even the most flagrant extravagance on the - part of the management of these Crown Corporations.

And without this information in , detail. M.P.'s cannot halt the trans- , fer of the powers which were vest- . ed in ?arliament by our constitul- - ion, to the executives of these: . Crown Corporations.

This transfer of governmental! power away from Parliament tsl i being made daily by the cabinet l and even by civil servants.

tars:

ONLY THE DREAM IS REAL

rnly the dream is real. There is no plan

lransceiiding even a rose's timid glory,

X cricket's summer song. The ways of man

ire stitpors of the transitory.

flesh, and

here is no truth but dreams. yet

man must spend

'lls gills of quiet days in storm 1

and stress, inheeding that a single breath will

end with one swift stroke the hoax of wordliness.

Only the dream will last. Some distant day The wheel will falter, and the all- ent sun Will see the last beam leveled to deca

Y. ' And all man's futile langor spent

and done.

Yet after brick and steel and stone are gone

And flesh and blood are dust, the dream lives on.

-Anderson M. Scruggs.

The experiment of manning , military installations in the Suez l canal base with British civilian technicians after the base is handed over to the Egyptian army is beginning to take shape here. Nearly 500 British technicians l have arrived and are at work. The general pattern of organization has 3 been completed for I total of about i 2.000 Britons, including their fam- ilies, to be grouped in three civlllan communities when the evacuation of British forces is completed by next June.

Under the Anglo-Egyptian agree- ment on the canal base, signed Oct. 19, 1954, all major installa- tion are to be maintained for seven years by British civilian contrac-

Pre-Roman London

1 Reuters Agency, London)

The men who excite historians by unearthing evidence of the p500- year Roman ocupation of Britain have gone and told of digging up remnants of In even older soc- iely.

Archeologlsts are always uncov- ei-ing relics of the Roman siege. but a leader of I recent expedition delighted Britain's large crop of l historians by proving the existence of an organized community active before Julius CIeIIr'I followe a toali over the country.

The pr: Roi-nan town. inhabited by Celia, was located near the present-day village of Siicllesiev on the Berkshire - Ilamplhifr border 30 mile: west of here.

The Romans began their dom- ination in 55 B.C., but because of the difficulties of transportation. they did not Ittack the villue until Ibout. 40 A.D. The Celts then fled the IreI Ind Iettled in VIII.

FIND itlzucl ExcIvItionl were made in I I6- fool-wide ditch, believed to have

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l

The Suez Canal Base

By Gilbert Sebdon Reuters News, lsmnilia

tors responsible to the British gov- ernment. The contractors are en- titled to engage British technical staff up to I total of 1.200.

PROVED INVALUABLE

In two world wars, the Suez canal zniic because of its geog- raphical position proved an in- valuahlc base for the British and Allied armies and made I major i-ontrihiilion to the successful de- lencc of Egypt and the Middle East. The Middlc East remains I vitally-important area for the Western world. and until an effec- tive collct-tive security system is established Britain has assumed I heavy responsibility for the organ- ization of its defence. Any defence system requires I base. and so far no substitutc has been found for” the Suez canal base.

The main installations to be worked by British technicians in the canal zone are the big work- shop base at Tel el Ki-bir, the am- munition depot at Abu Sultan and the engineering depot at Fanan.

Jobs include maintenance of tanks and guns to equip the first 10 divisions of the Allied armed forces which would swing into action from here in the event of an attack on Turkc'y or any of the Arab countries in the Middle East.

Some aircraft servicing facilities for Royal Air Force jet bomber; and fighters are also the contrac- torI' responsibility, as well as the running of power stations. water filtration plants, storage depots and vehicle repair services.

Eight British firms have formed local operating companies to han- dle specific tasks.

Most of the British technician and their fImilleI will live In Ismatlia. I town on the shores of Lake Timsah, half way betwggn Port Said Ind Suez. They will luv. II neighbors I French community which has been living here glue; the Suez cInIl wu dug by reg. dinnnd de Lamps. IImIlllI in the headquarters town of the sag; canal company.

-......... The maiden: of B , in... II! pltlinmait for I flit:-"y.eIi-Q turn. has no mm to veto billl.

Medically 0 Speaking

8! llerinu N. Budeiien. M. D.

OLDSTERS NEED LES SFATS

While all of us need some in! in our diets. we need -less Is we grow older.

As I matter of fact. many 91- perts on food matters insist that it is harmful for older persons to eat more than the minimum amount of fat necessary for body maintenance. GALLBLADDER AILMENTS

Gallblddder disease. forg exam- ple. traditionally chooses ils vic- tims from among women in the "fair, fat and forty" group. Ex- cess eating of fats seems to have I definite bearing on gallbladder ailments.

We know tor a fact that most gallstones contain holeslerul. I type of fat. Hardening of the ar- teries, too, frequently is caused by deposits of cholesterol along artery walls and fatty deposits in the liver can cause much damage.

Even after you take off those excess pounds. don't forget what you have learned from your re- ducing diets.

Cut down your fat allowances as you grow older. Just remember that many foods contain hidden fat.

For instance. fat is dispersed through the lean meat of I prime steak and fish. Most types of cheese contain B lot of fat and it's found even in some vegetables.

So. be on the safe side. Don't eat so much fried foods and rich pastries. Make allowance for the hiden fat you eat.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

L. K.: What is the daily mini- mum requirement for Vitamin A?

Answer: The daily requirement for Vitamin A has been set at five thousand international units.

Pisa's Leaning Tower

Reuters Agency, Italy)

An Italian professor, worried I- bout the future of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. has suggested that it should be dismantled stone by stone and rebuilt on I safe plat- form of cement.

Prof. Giovanni" Bnaga's proposal was favorably received at a meet- ing of the Italian Society of Topog- raphy, but no action was taken.

There is still ample time. Many

less than five per cent, of those in federal institutions. --U. S. News and World Report.

NOTES BY

PIg0 4 1110 Guardian

v--u-.

THE WAY

on the not Canadian ubcbuer which ll equipped with "homing" torpedoes "you jun throw it. over t.lusIide,tielllttoflndIIubInd IwIy It goes," I crew member says. And if it can't find one and comes backf??? -Toronto Star.

so far. we have not yet beer able to plan very successfully for our new postwar Iuburbl. let alone larger regions. However. with our populatiun growing as fast In it in weneed I long-range programme of I city becoming too large in not yet urgent in Canada - uve poo- slbly in Montreal and Toronto- but some overall schem to fit the growing city comfortably and et- ficiently into the larger region is I proposal to which we ought to give careful consideration. -Lon- don Free Press.

We have hId many inquiries about I bird usually seen on a lawn and often described as mark- ed like a partridge or I woodcock but with red on the head and I black spot on the breast. All of these reports must refer to flick- era. The confusion must arise be- cause many people, knowing that the flicker is I woodpecker, do not expect to see it on the ground. The flicker gprobably gets more food on the ground than it does from trees. as it is very fond of ants. Look for I large white patch at the base of the tall as it flies away from you. -N. B. Museum Nature News.

The nItlon'I prison: Ire burst- ing at the seams, reported James V. Bennett, director of the United States bureau of prisons. Populat- ion uf state Ind federal penal in- stitutions II It I new high, with 182,051 inmates. be said. With Ibout one in every 1,000 American! behind bars, Bennett told Cornegss he needs 27 million dollars to build two new maximum security pris- ons. Women convicts continue to be I small portion of the total, Bennett reported. They make up less than four percent. of those in

experts have calculated that the leaning markble landmark of Plan has still about 200 years to go i before it topples.

The lower stands on waterlog- ged sandy and clay soil. Injections of cement in past years have not stopped its tilt, increasing almost imperceptibly by about .0275 of In inch I year.

At present, the maximum lean of the eight-tired tower is about 17 feet.

The Tower of Pisa is the best known but not the only phenom- enon of its kind in Italy. In Pisa itself, Ill the city's tallest buil- dings, including the cathedral, have I tilt. Bologna has two lean- ning towers. the Garisenda and the Aalnelll, and Rome has its leaning militia tower.

About 5.000 motels all across the country were registered in Canada in 1955.

I

l ItindleI...b;oI-

by the b are always those who Ire not con-

lut now man has given the in- lustrious little insect de may-ness. Two geneticists formed the American Institute of Biological Sciences that they have developed I hybrid bee which pro- duces honey It I rate of 17 to 29 per cent greater than the hybridls parents. And egg laying was boost- ed more than 35 percent in the new models. Like autos. bees are being redesigned with new drives. ggcomwm .. . an I. .,

PERFECTION or "Hr

There is something special about the look and feel of a Warren K. Cook fit. Probably because these unusually 5116. clothes were designed, cut Ind hand- scwn with yourgwn build

in mind! Beneath this imptosaivelly correct fit is the "mud: play" of liouundc of pliant &-iitood

IliItIdrbnIIIpiIIoIIaof'bclng-

PI-oxreu continues to be made

9

Culture II not the loin; on I cake-In m cm which can De discarded without great ham, Culture is. on the contrary ' evidence that I country ha; 3 intellectual development comp; able with it: industrial, comma. 015! Ind larlcultural developmemi There has never been I calm.” ' real greatness which did not lay, an important cultural developing" as part of ill gift to clvilication CanadI has, for years. lived on intellectual and artistic producuom of other counlriu, and the "nu bu come for us to repay our debts. -Peterborough Examiner.

One of the greatest of interim. ional efforts these past few year! has been to Ittalii I real peace between tlieiArIb states and Israel It has been I rather thankless task- The Arab natloiiu never really have- accepted the creatlon of I Jewish state within their midst and slim no signs of doing so. Thus there is reciprocal dixtruct. dislike and fear. Raids and counter-raids, in. stead of ceasing, have been be. coming more serious. Despite the best of efforts of other nations 1; real war could break out. It lslyl easy to solve I problem if there Ire those who don't wish it solved -Windsor Star.

Already I Nnvembei-lsh looli ling come over the countryside. Oclci. her is, above all, the month at autumn, with colored leaves and brilliant suns. But November is the waiting interval before winter. Lit. tie remains of summer. And little of winter has yet arrived. Yet there is I Novemberish beauty, too, There is witchery in a black-limb. ed tree against I red twilight, and I romance to In old stone building wrapped in In evening mist. Walli- lng in the woods, one can catch the very essenco of the nungriiy month. There in an abiding silence, broken only by the .,;-uncmng M the leaves under foot or the scurry- ing of some small animal, hustling to make his wintry home. Then is I patience and peiisiveness about November's Ipproac), as though the world, stripped of her gala summer dress, chasteiied a fld

humble, were awaiting her baptism of snow. -Montreal Gazette. mm

i-Ice b there

eat with the status quo. Man is -.ver striving to improve on the hings with which nature-or his IWII ingenuity-has Ssurrounded im. There is I busy little bee. A videly held impression is that to -ompare I human being to that irelesii insect is I top compliment. iBusier than I bee" hIs tradition- illy been I prized verbal bouquet.

cc; of ave iii-

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