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PAGE 4 moms}. .

Should Be Rated

Prime Minister Pearson was quoted as saying in London yester- day that he does not expect any gen- eral decisions in his talks with the British Prime Minister, mi‘llan. However, he told reporters that he would discuss the trade balance between Canada and Brit- ain, which currently favors Can- ada. This is a matter of prime con- cern, though it is by no means as easy of solution as Liberal spokes- men pictured it to be during the re- cent election campaign.

The present C ana d i a n anti- dumping law was not a creation of l the Diefenbaker administration. it has been on the statute books since early in the century. It was en- forced more strictly in late years under the Conservatives, and for complex technical reasons this en- forcement bore more heavily on British than on American manu- factured imports. Even if the GATT negotiations, opening later this year, produce lower tariffs through- out the world-wide trading partner- ship the evils of the Canadian anti- -dumping law will remain, and pro- tected Canadian industries will in- sist on it being enforced to the limit.

In a legal sense such claims can- not be denied. As the Winnipeg Free Press (Liberal) concedes, the honest administrators of the law must stick to its letter. They must not wink at technical infractions, however innocent and however these rulings may damage Canada's sec- ond largest customer. The discrim- ination can be removed only by the revision of the law—~preferably by the acceptance of GATT principles which other nations have accepted and Canada has so far rejected.

They were rejected in the be- ginning because the Canadian law, as enforced then and for several decades afterwards, did no particu- lar harm to any foreign exporter and did not discriminate against Britain. Now the whole situation has been changed by administrative methods and. from Britain’s point; of view, has become impossible.

This may be what Mr. Pearson has in mind, though he did not say so in his press interview in London yesterday. What he indicated was that he plans to remove some of Canada’s tariff barriers. And he is also quoted as calling for more aggressive British salesmanship to boost British exports to Canada.

’ Redistribution Problem

.the census but we have had two

It is expected that the Pearson government will tackle at an early date the difficult problem of redis- tribution of seats in the Commons. Redistribution is supposed to follow

general elections on the basis, not of the 1961 tally but of the 1951

-' dicennial count. The various federal

parties seem agreed in principle

' that redistribution is over-due, and

that an independent commission should be established to deal with this issue. But naturally each looks warily upon the plans of others as,

1to how it should work and who ' should be named to it.

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There are rumors to the effect that some Liberals are thinking in terms of a House of Commons in- craud by 20 or 30 members. Such a plan would permit the commis- elouarl to satisfy the demands of pmvlnooe presently under repre— W without subtracting a eata

Mr. Mac- l

from those which otherwise puffer losses. In any case a reshuffling of seats based on population figures would almost certainly result in the urban areas of the country gaining seats at the expense of the rural regions. ‘

It is recalled that at Confedera- tion the House of Commons consist- ed of 181 members. There was no ceiling on membership; the basic rule was that Quebec should have a fixed quota of 65 members while the representation of other provin- ces fluctuated according to the ratio between their populations and that of Quebec. Later various floors were established, notably the pro- vision that no province could have fewer members than its Senate en- titlement. In these circumstances membership steadily increased until the end of the First World War. Then for nearly three decades it was stabilized at 245 members.

But in 1947 it was decided to alter the basis of representation. The Quebec rule was dropped and the size of the House fixed at 255 members; a figure revised to 262 with the addition of Newfoundland in 1949. Later, when it appeared from the 1951 census that the Prairie region would lose members, the government hit upon two ex- pedients; the so-called 15 per cent floor and a new “fixed” member- ship of 265. Quite apart, therefore, from Newfoundland’s seven seats, the House has been increased by 13 since 1947. If it is to be increas- ed again for the third consecutive time. the pattern will be well estab- lished.

This time. however, with the Liberals in the ascendant in urban areas. there will be strong pressure for closer adherence to the principle of representation by population. But Canada has an additional problem to solve. inasmuch that redistribu- tion based solely on this principle would create some rural ridings far too large in area for any one mem- ber of Parliament to adequatey represent. Obviousy some type of compromise must be found, and it is at this point that the matter is likely to become highly con- troversial.

The Brighter Side

The old world seems to be going pretty much as it has always gone —-sturiibling from crisis to crisis of its own making, and revealing at every turn the incorrigible traits of the Old Adam that have been the despair of reformers from time im- memorial. But now and again a heartwarming item of news creeps into the. gloomy picture. Here is one from Europe.

It tells that in response to an appeal from the European Working Group, whose chairman is Princess Beatrice of the Netherlands, young people from Norway, Sweden, Ger- many, Austria, the United Kingdom. France, the Netherlands and other countries have volunteered to re- build the Iranian village of Dusaj, destroyed by last year’s terrible earthquake. The first group will leave for Iraq this month, and will spend six months on the job.

Dusaj is located in a mountain- ous district about a hundred miles southwest of Tehran. The scheme includes the building of 118 houses, a public baths, a school, a mosque and a community and recreational centre. Working alongside students from Teheran University, the volun- teers plan to start a long-term pro- gram of community development which among other things will supply the impoverished local farm- ers with livestock, farm implements and seed, as well as introduce mod- ern methods of agriculture.

Young people volunteering for this kind of work will be embark- ing on more than a construction job. It will be a goodwill mission in every sense of the word, and it will provide, for the participants, an education in co-operation that should serve them well in after life. For the villagers of Dusaj it will mean new hope, new prospects, a. fresh start in the hard battle of existence. There will be a. prize in it for everybody. Even reading about it. makes one feel a little More assured as to what the future holds in store.

EDITORIAL NOTE

The BBC London Letter passes on the information that plasticine was invented 60 years ago by an English sculptor who wanted to help children build better mud pies.

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ASIAN FLUE

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

Mr. Pearson Off To A Perfect Start.

“There are no two betterl jobs he could have put top oft his list. Personal visits to Bri—‘ tain's Prime Minister Mat-mil» lan and to U.S.A.'s Presidenti Kennedy are the perfect start."

Thus a politically-astute Sen- ator summed up to me his op- inion of Prime Minister Lester' Pearson's decision to give those? two forcicn visits top pt‘is-r‘ty in his “Sixty Ilays' of Decision." l

international dcfcnce talks. of great importance to Canada and Britain and USA, will take pl a c c at, this month'st meeting of the North Atlanticl Trcaty Organization in Ottawa. Trade talks of vital importancei to these three countries will com e up with th is month's; Commonwealth meeting in Lon-i don. and the subsequent scs-1 sion of the Gcncral Agreement; on Tariffs and Trade in (icn-i era

The three government heads“ won‘t have much time for de-. tailed exploration of dcfcncel and trade problems at the Can- i ada-U.K.-U.S.A. triple summi j talks. But there will be the op-yl portunity for showing the opcn hand of friendship and good in-‘ tent. which will crcate a ill-g vourable climate for the lateri official conferences. , RT. HON. LESTER PEARSON;

Possibly the only specific out-1 come of the first meeting wilii be that Hon. Lcstcr Pearsoni will return from London as‘ “The Right Honourable Lester

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open ‘0 the discussion by correspondent.- oi questions ol in-

sarlly endorse the o inion o pontlents. All tellers published are Iub iecl in Mining end condensation when

no any correspondence regent- Ing letters auhmitte .

GRAVE SITUATION

Sir, -— I understand that a grave situation is arising in re- gard to the old and well estab- lished Hennessey Funeral Home, and that it is very difficult, for the present operators to cure a new area to establish their business, being ordered to vacate their present site in a month or so. According to my viewpoint, a suitable location should have been prepared and offered to the present manage- ment before that order was gi- ven and before such steps were taken to abolish their well es- tablished and highly respected business.

Tried and well trained per- aonnnel cannot easily be pro— cured. as the Henncssey men have been known and recogniz- ed through the years. I think much grave consideration should be given to this problem before an ultimatum is reached. The Charlottetown Funeral Home is bonding under business at the present time. and couldn‘t pos- 'sibly be expected to handle the amount of extra work being forced on them.

The Hennesseiy Funeral Home as i see it is a must and cannot possibly be "thrown in the dis- card." Burying the dead is a grave problem. “Land. zones, in- cations" should not be nilnwad to rule in this cue. More and more people are dying every day: We need and should almost demand that steps be taken be- fore this situation becomes more

ave.

There must certainly be some way among intelligent people to compromise. and come to terms regarding this matter. or more time given to the management to get some constructive ad- vice and ctr-operation along these lines. Little thought would be zi- ven to a minor or small business but this is one of the most. im- portant. business transactions in Charlottetown. and as such ehmild be treated with the dig- nity and respect it deserves.

am, Sir. clc., MARY GAVIN.

Charlottetown.

Pearson." This lifetime title of distinction will almost certain- e accorded to the Prime Minister through the honour of being sworn in as a member of the Imperial Privy Council. here are only five “Right Honourables" in Canada today. Tile senior, according to date of appointment. is the former Governor G e n e r a l, Vincent Massey. who was made a mem- ber of the Imperial Privy Coun- cil when he was Canada's war- time High Commissioner in Britain. Former Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent .was thus hon- ourcd on .Ianuary l. 1946. as a member of Mackenzie King's Liberal Cabinet. .I.L. Iislcy,f Chief Justice of Nova Scotia,,j was similarly honoured on thel same date and same grounds.

Former Prime Minister Dicf- baker has b e e n honoured si- milarly.

Finally, of course. Governor General George Vanier was sworn into the Imperial Privy Council in February.

This column has described how Mackenzie King honoured his more outstanding Cabinet colleagues by recommending them for admission to the Im- perial Privy Council. As well as Mr. Ilsley. Rt. Hon. C.D. Howe and Rt. Hon. J.G. Gardiner and others were thus accoladed. NO TORIES HONOURED

Among the recent Conserva- tive Cabinet. this column has suggested. Howa een might well have been honoured.

in a similar manner. in recog-l

nition of his well-intentloned struggle to attain nuclear dis- .armamcnt. And George Hces appropriately could have re- ceived recognition for his ac- hievement in promoting the successful Trude Drives and Sample Shows, which achieved so much for our export trade and made his Department the

most successful within the Con-‘

The'

servative administration.

So much for the frills. hard gains which might and should emerge from Prime Minister Pearson's foreign ex- peditions could be the founda- tion for some creative develop- ments in the field of interna- tional trade and economic co- operation.

Atlantic Freer Trade is in the wind. as an alternative ~— many minds a preferable alter- native -— to Britain's thwarted attempt to gain admission to the European Common Market.

Remember those alluring words of prophesy about NATO developing into " an economic and ultimately a political Com- monwaalth of the Western World"? That was Mike Pear- son's brave dream of be e in 1949. Now fourteen years later, Hon. Lester Pearson is in the rare position, which so many of us would envy. being able to fight. for the realization of his

ream.

The coming month, including those two summit meetings, will show whether those words were flimflam or genuine in- ent.

Politicians Pay Up

Ottawa Journal

Not many of the candidates who lost their $200 deposits in; the election will have to ask» their wives and children to nol without a Summer holiday be- cause of it.

The deposit is required to el- iminate frivolous clandidatcs who would enter any election at any time without the slightestl hopeofelection epo-l sit ensures that every candi- date is willing to put $200 on his chances of winning.

0 less than 497 found on April 8 that their hopes were unjustified; they will never see their $200 again because they had less than half as many votes as the winner in their constituency.

The score of independent: who lost their deposits may have dipped into their own poc- kets for the deposit and other outlays. but the candidates of the established parties had

elp. The custom is for the nation- al headquarters of the parties'

to tell a candidate who has been nominated how much he may expect to receive from par- ty campaign funds — and tell

him as quickly as possible so.

that he will not think he can have all the money he wants.

This allows the candidate to

plan his campaign so that he will not be left with embarras- sing d e b t s. The party head- quarters do not ask how every cent was spent but they assume that candidates put their re- sources in one bundle and draw from it the amounts required for the $200 deposits and others expenses.

The candidate carried away with prospects of victory will spend unwiscly, certain that he will not lose the $200. but most politicians are less confident than they sound on the plat- form. That means they do not count the return of the deposit among their assets. If it is re- turned. of course, it is a wind- fall which makcs the family ho- liday that much more pleasant.

Venetian Gondoliers

London Economist

NOT long ago a young Amer- ican wrote to the tourist office in Venice to ask about the pros- pects of becoming a gondolier. He was, alas. an optimist.

For to be a gondoiicr in Ven- ice it is essential to be Venetian- born: then it is desirable to be 9 son of. or related In. a gon- dolier; finally, one must obtain a licence from the city of Ven- ice. The latter is perhaps the most difficult task of all.

They tell you that times are bad. and getting worse: there's just no future in the profession.

One gnndoliar. for example. who represents the fourth gen- eration of his family to ply an oar from the poop on the Vene- tian canals. reports that none of his four sons wishes to fo‘low in their father's footsteps.

it is true that the present looks duII compared with the golden past. The ancestors of today's gondoiiera, in some ca- ses many generations them, lived well off their craft.

Apart from the business gen- erated by commerce and ordin- ary citizens wanting tempo“.

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the aristocracy created em- p‘oyment by insisting on two or three gondola: ea status um- die

In the heyday of Venice. and even down to fairly recent times, as many as 10,000 or 12,- 000 gondoliera could make I de- cent living.

Now only about 500 can. and they complain that life is let- ting harder.

The descendants of the old nobility may keep a gondola tiedup beside their spanking new motor launch. for the fee- tivala and for sentimental na- sons. But it is the motor boat they use for everyday transport.

80 does everyone else, includ- ing the tourists, who prefer the speed of the municipally-owned vaporettos in the romance of the older hand-driven craft.

The gondoliere see inboard and outboard motor: as the in- vention of the devil. Since they were first introduced about 50 years ago. they say. the moto- scal‘l been gradually six-annual their livelihood.

- a painful existence. In this

Disability Can Lengthen Life '

By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dellan

THERE ie an old medical saying. “if you we at to We a long time, acquire a chronic disease and take good care of it." i thought ~f this 3': “al days ago when it was announc- ed that a Chicago woman was celebrating her 100th birthday. She recalled being refused an insurance policy at age 28 be- cause of ill health.

The physician for the insur- ance company may have been wrong. But it is more likely that this woman took care herself because of a disability of some kind.

Various abnormal findings were considered risks 75 years ago. A heart murmur is an ex- ample. Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether the squishing sound is caused by a heart defect or by an innocent factor such as the beating heart rubbing against the lungs.

Other disorders do not shorten life, provided the indi- vidual takes care of himself. Victims of peptic ulcer, mini- mal tuberculosis. paralysis, and certain types of heart disorders are examples. insurance company rejects the applicant or hikes the cost of the premi- um because it has no control over the activities and habits of the individual.

We hear frequently that the life span will continue to in- crease and, in time. many men and women will live to be 130 or 140 years of age. Medical. science is wonderful but we ‘ doubt if it will ever be that ef- fective. We might be able to add years of life to certain or- gans but, unless the brain preserved, there is no sense in simply vegetating.

Some insects live 24 hours whereas certain turtles reach the 3,000 y e a 1' mark. 0 begin to fail at age 12 and hot. ses when they are 20. So far no one has been able improve on the biblical three score and fan when it comes to the life expectancy of humans.

Most. of us envy the 80-year- old man or woman who is ac- tive, alert, and well prcserved. But there are many more of an equal age who vegetate or lead re- spect. life after 70 is a gamble. Medical science is doing what it can to add life to these extra years and there is no doubt that many of our scientific dis- coveries have this effect. But nature is hard to outwit be- I cause the body is a coordinated structure and is as efficient as , its weakest organ.