DECEMBER 15. 195

fjj, I

o&0oCW - NEWSY NOTES -

By a. A. ciuk. ll.Se.

yes-&0 . Island Land Tenure!

isle de St. Jean was first an- ,,-opriated by France in 1523. Dur-

lllll this French regime it was ranted the Company of New prance to a French naval officer, captain Bieur Doublet in connec- tion with his fishing enterprises in me Gulf of at. Lawrence. No set- tlcment was allowed as the French wished to keep their settlers near- by their fortifications, as sources of 3,,,,,,1y of farm produce. This con- riitlon lasted during the period of his grant from 1863 to 1700.

The King of France gave a grant at the Island in 1720 to count St. Pierre, who built a governor's house barracks, storehouses and a church at Fort La Joie at the en-

. trance to Charlottetown Harbour.

France at that time conducted its colonization scheme by administer- mg public affairs in its colonies mrongh a governor who reported to the King. who had absolute au- ghority over the colonists. who were centralized for protection from their foes.

The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ced- .-.-l Isle St. Jean to Great Britain, and on October 7th of that year 1: was annexed to Nova Scotia. The Government of Nova Scotia than enacted legislation that the inhabitants of St. John's Island were and are subject to all laws oi Nova Scotia. The laws were in lnrce until the Island became a separate colony in 1769.

The British Government, in or- der to plant colonies in- the New world, which they called planta- tions. referred such ouestions to a may they called "The Lords of Trade and Plantations”. The set- fitment of the Island was referred to this board in 1704. A great many persons of influence in Great Britain had petitioned the Government for grants of land on the Island. some had claims for mval or militarv services, others that they were deserving of the patronage of the Crown. One of those John. Earl of Egmont who was the first Lord of the Admiral- tv. inemorialized the King to al- low him to set no a feudal system

Proposed Feudal System

The Earl of Elzmont. in his peti- l'nn in His Maiesty the King. innrlrstlv states: that he "desires 1;...” HIE Majesty a grant of the -zhnle island of St. John's. estim- rtrd at two million acres. with all ..:my, royalties, priviicszes, fran- cfllsos and appurtenances. with all vvil and criminal jurisdiction." He pr(lpi'lSPfl a feudal svsicm for the irlanzl. lie was to be Lorri Para- ninuni. 1-lo set out in great detail the various tenures and tzradations in rank that he proposed to intro-

iure and establish.

The jurisdiction was to be-sim- liar lo the known rules of the mmmon and statute law of Eng- lnnd. He offered to reserve fifteen zncusnnd two hundred acres of land for places of trade and a cap- ital town. I-lls summary of his proposition was as follows:

"Tenure of service-one Earl of :he whole county: fortv capital lords of forty hundreds; four hun- dred lords of manors: eight hun- crerl freeholders; 800.000 acres.

t"1'enui-e for burgage. for the establishment of trade and com- merce in" the most proper parts of the Island-One county town. 15.- 200 acres; forty market towns. 20.- 000 acres: four hundred villages, 40.000 acres: 75,000 acres.

"renure at large in common soc- :-.-ige-Left at (large) in common mecage, as a fund to enable the undertakers and for their encour- acement to complete this plan, 1.- 124800 acres: making a total of 2.000.000 acres."

The Lords of Trade and Planta- tions . commended that Lord Ez- mont's prayer be not granted. Be persisted. however. and sent a sec- ond and a third memorial. on be- half of himself and his nine chil- dren and others that the Island be surveyed and divided to be per- celled out by him are. These all were rejected by order in council May 9th, 1764.

Creation or Island Landlords

The Lords of Trade and Planta- tions recommended that the Island be surveyed and this was complet- ed by Captain Samuel Holland from 1704 to 1760. It was to be divided into counties of about 500.000 acres each; the counties were to be div- ided into parishes of about 100.000 acres each, and each parish suib-

divided into townships of 20,000 acres each. In each county land was to be reserved for a town site and in each parish a proper site for a church and sufficient land for a globe for a minister.

so many petitions and applica- tions for grants of land on the Island came to the Board that they decided that the grants of townships should be drawn in a lottery before the Board of Trade in London. Lots 40 and 50 were reserved for fishing companies and lot 66 with 0000 acres was reserved for the Crown. This gave the Is- land that proprietary system of Abentee Landlords. mostly specu- lators, which was the cause of agi- tation and turmoil that lasted for over a century.

The Home Government did not wish to add to its expenses so some of the terms of these grants were: ”That quit rents of six shillings per hundred acres should be paid on townships Nos. 5. 13, 14, 15. 18. 17. 18. 19, 24 25, 26, 32, 33. 34, 35. 37. 39. 40. 54. 59, 63. st 84, and four shillings should be paid per hundred acres on townships Nos. 0 8. 9, 10, ll, 12, 21, 22, 23, 2'7. 28, 20 31, 36. 38, 41. 42. 43, 44, 45, 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 53. 6!. 62 4!: 65. and that two shillings should be paid cn the remalnder.payment on half to begin on five years from the date of the grant, and on the whole at the expiration of ten years.

The proprietors were also to set- tle their townships within ten years. in the proportion of oneper- son to every two hundred acres. and, if one-third were not so set- tled within four years. then the whole was to be forfeited to the Crown. There were a number of other conditions. but these were the important ones which were the cause of trouble for the next cen- tury.

These grants of townships or lots, as they are generally known were made by the Governor of Nova Scotia of the Island of St. John. under the seal of that Pro- vince. frhese proprietors can be commended for pef”""”'”! the King to make the 1'.--'”' o sepa- rate colony by itself. i" e '1 sepa- rate Government. in 1760.

They offered to pay the expenses of the establishing of such ii Government out of the ouit rents This was done. and Mr. Walter Patterson. one of the grantcrs. was appointed first governor. He was sworn in the 19th of September. 1770. and a constitution was grant- ed to St. John's Island by the Brit- ish Crown. Responsible Govern- ment was secured in 1851. Then- was continual trouble between the proprietors. their tenants and the Government over ouit rents and it was not until after Confedera- tion. in 1875. that the landlords were bought out, and Islanders were accorded the privileges of freeholdcrs.

Photosynthesis Synthesized

The efficiency of photosynthesis, a process in which green plants capture the sun's energy and transform it into food, can be in- creased in the laboratory by 100 per cent. in recent experiments. Dr. Dean Burk of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. so raised the efficiency of the living process that. under ideal conditions, plants could ab- sorb one unit of light, pick up one unit of carbon dioxide and produce one unit of pure oxygen.

This is considered to be the maximum utillzqion of solar en- ergy by plants to build sugars that are ' tal J Lu: Normal efficiency of photosynthesis is about 65 per cent.

These findings may not only in- crease food production per unit of light. Dr. Burk said, but may re- sult in using solar energy in many ways. it might be possible to break down water directly to hydrogen gas with sunlight. Such I process would eliminate our present de-

J on exhaustible supplies of natural gas for energy and would substitute a photo-chemical process giving hydrogen gas that could be made in any part of the world where there is both water and sunlight. -

The Neighbors

' l

”..tH.r.4'u.-no-nu-we.o-s

"III seem short-tempered just remember, I've been on my feet since'ten this morning."

ly George Clarl:

i.

....;..a nA

The New York Auction Coin- pnny Minnesota branch offered 30.- 000 mutation mink and 20.000 standard ranch mink in Minneap- olis last Tuesday. The mutation collection cohsiated of Platinum, Pastels, Aleutians and Breath of Bpring.. Both the standard and mutati offerings included Peltig from mid-West Mink Breeders Association, the Olympic Associat- ion and the Rocky Mountain Fur Farmers sales and Independent shippers. At Montreal Friday. Dec. 7th the Hudson's Bay com- pany offered 4-0.000 ranch mink. standards and mutations. They comprised exceptionally fine representatives of the new sea- aor.'s mink from the leading ranch. ers throughout Canada. At van- couver. Little Bros. had an Offer- ing or 12,000 mink on December 6th. ,They were mostly collections from the Master Breeders' Assoc- iation. On December l'lth the Amer- lcan National Fur Breeders As- sociation will offer a large collec- tlon of standard. mutation and wild mink at Milwaukee, Wis. From the above ll wil -'

that the 1961 crop of mink is al- ready being marketed and pred- ictions are that the United states and Canadian production will total somewhere around the three million mark, possibly higher. It takes a lot of promotion and a great many sales to distribute such great numbers into manufactur- ers' hands and we look for a very busy promotional campaign to as- sist in that endeavor.

At Montreal, P. C., early last week the Canadian Fur Auction

Sales Co. (Que.) Ltd. had a spec- ial sale of furs which attracted the largest attendance of any opening sale in years. The offerings con- sisfed of Alaska sealskins and standard ranch and mutation mink. They met with keen com- petition, New York being the principal buyer of the large per- centages sold. There was some slight European bidding and Can- adian dealers bought a fair portion of the mink offerings. Percentages of mink sold were given as ranch mink standards, 80 per cent sold. Pastels 82 per 75 percent sold. Miscellaneous. 75 per cent sold and low grades 65 rcr cent sold. The company es- timated ranch mink and pastel mink about 5 per cent below last year's opening. Silverblu unchang- cd with no comparison made on miscellaneous and low grades.

The market was much stronger than anticipated and the collection as a whole brought favorable com- ments from the attending buyers. Here are a few prices - Ranch mink (17,218) 1 part. 2 EX dk ntales, Alberta type. 325.50 to 330.; Ontario type, 823 to 328: New Brunswick type. 320 to 321.50: Que- bec type. 320 to 321: British Col- umbia. 323. to 829.50. Females, Al- b.-rta type, 315.25 to 316.25; Ont- arlo type. 312.50 to 314: Quebec type. 314: western Ontario type. :15 to 316: British Columbia type. 315 to 317. Top price for the pastel mink was 333.50 to 349.50. For males and females. 817. to 326.50: for Silverblu mink Breath of Sprint: top prices were 322 to :40 with fe- nsales 313.50 to S19: Blue Frost males sold from 312.75 to 313.25; Koh-I-Nur mixed 812.25.

Canadian fur organizations rep- resenting the entire fur industry of Canada have combined to present a brief to the Minister of Finance and to the Minister of National Revenue at Ottawa in an effort to secure some relief from the bur- C excise taxes which im- pose a heavy load on the Canad- ian fur industry. For the benefit of those not familiar with the taxes levied, we may say that the pres- ent excise tax has been fixed at 25 per cent and the fur merchant is obliged to pay cash for the tax consisting of 25 per cent of the value of the raw skin. plus dress- ing and dyeing charges. Excise tax as now levied represents more then the 25 per cent of skin val- ues. . ,

In addition when the manufact- urer sells the sald skin he must

9-O0-O-O-O-O-O-O-O0-GOO

TIMELY IIIITES III TOPICS

OIIIIIBJTED WITII

Silver, Fox and Mink Farming

account for the sales tax of 10 per cent in addition. Other taxes be- sides are levied in cities like Mon- treal which has a 296 per cent tax on furs and the Quebec govern- ment, we understand, also collects a 3 per cent tax. This is on the re- tail price of the for or fur garm- ent. where the shoe pinches hard- est is probably the case of the re- tailer, who must pay for the gar- ment with its 25 per cent and 10 pei cent tax, its cost of furs and its cost of make up and extend credit to the buyer for a consider- able period without any extra charge being levied for that ac- commodatlon.

In the brief it states that the industry is suffering an unpreced- ented number of bankruptcies in the years 1049 and 1950, totalling approximately 53,000,000 of capital. The flow of bankruptcies still continues. Furthermore. the fur in- dustry is the only apparel industry in Canada subject to excise tax. The taxes are said to be levied on furs as they are considered a lux- my item but the brief states that fur garments are not a luxury gar- ment in Canada or any country as co7:l as Canada. From the point of view of the invigorating and cold climate of Canada a fur garment

cent sold, silverblul

for women, who normally wear lighter undergarments, is a health essential.

The petition also further points out that the restriction of bank credit is injuring the fur indus- try as credit is basic to it. with the denying of credit facilities the fur industry finds its borrowing ability at the bank restricted al- most to the amount which is nec- essary to find capital to pay for the goods. It ends with the state- ment that the excise tax on furs should be eliminated. However, if it is impossible to grant this relief they suggest that the excise tax and tho sales tax be combined in one tax not to exceed 15 per cent at the point of sale of the garment by the licensed wholesale mi.nu- facturer.

could Increase World Food Supply

in the next ten years if govern- ments of these countries would launch an intensive drive to edu- cate their farmers in methods of agriculture.

This statement was made by Norris E. Dodd. director general of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization at a re- cent conference in Rome. Italy.

"It will be necessary to stir up a revolution in the minds of tens of thousands of farmers aimed at improving soil management. us- ing fertilizers and pest control chemicals, and accepting mechan- ized equipment and scientific livestock feeds," Dodd said.

Dodd said that the population in under-developed countries is growing at the rate of one to two per cent a year and was outstrip- ping increases in food supplies. He proposed that the FAO conference set its sights on a 15 per cent in- crease in food production for the five years ending in 1968 as a pos- sible target in these areas. For the next five years, ending in 1960. the sights should be raised to a 20 per cent increase - a total increase of 35 per cent in ten years. -

CENTURY OF FERTILIZER

At the Rothamsted Experimen- tal Station in England. a plot of land has received nearly 1.400 pounds of commercial fertilizer every year for more than 100 years and is still producing bumper crops. The land has been sown continuously to wheat and the yield of grain has been maintained at about 31 bushels per acre dur- ing the entire period, states C-I-L Agricultural News. Yields on a

Food production in" the under developed nations of the world: could be increased by 36 per cent

modern I

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

'1?

.,..v. .....c3a-.-.-..:w-. -. . - -,

Winter Fair for Dingwell Macl..eod

which in an article, describes the

other country."

denced by the attraction the exhibit

hardly believe that carcasses of suc eye-appeal were possible.

Island Capons iiTops"

.,,l,. is

Reserve.

Pictured above is the box of twelve, grade spec-I ial, undrawn capons, which won the Grand Cham- pionship in the Dressed Poultry Snow at the Royal producer who raised this poultry knew what he was doing, not only from the standpoint of grading and

The same picture is featured on me Home page preparing. but in the selection of the breeding stock

of the current issue of the Canadian Poultry Review,

"the greatest show of its kind in this country or any

The value of displaying such merchandise to the consuming public, the Review reported,

try had for the visiting public, many of whom could

...;

4:

.......um; I . A-;.x..r gay i

of Vernon. Ithat P,outry Show as

' Riley and Black Photo. Commenting on the Grand Champion, the art-

cle stated that it was really something to see.

produced the birds."

posterior end."

was evi- of dressed pout-

h excellence and

weighed in the vicinliy of 100 pounds

These llew Bug Ifillersl

You first read about it h newspaper or hear it on the i-:idio.' It's a new insecticide claimed to be lethal to a variety of crop-de- stroying bug . Advertisements proclaim its wonders. Then it ap- pears on dealers' shelves.

nearby unfertilized ,field average 12 bushels an acre.

MR8. DOROTHY ROGERS

”4'i'",FW"P

.,,

OWN

n. c. SI-TEA, mu-ions w. p. xoimo. summmsipa

Charlottetown, P. E. I.

- , i The following Representatives of the Sun Life of Canada in Prince Edward Island will be glad to discuss with you any matters relating to life insurance or annuitige without obligation.

J. A. MOORE

H. 0. BOIIAKER - Unit Supervisor

3 000 into

is

At Royal Winter Fair

"They were of the finest meat type, with long keel bones, the flesh carrying full. right up to the crest of the breast bone from the anterior to the

Apart from the prestige which Mr. MacLeo:i has gained from his winning exhibit, he also received 317 for winning his class..s50 for the Grand Cham- pionship, and it is unofficially reported the sale realized one dollar per pound for the birds, which

"The

PROPANE GAS

For Hot Water Heating, Cooking and Cabin Beating. Non-Poisonous - Clean -

Economical - Fast. This Gas laz-

Sold by

STANLEY, SHAW - & PEAIIDEN LTD.-

Distribufors of Mcclary . Propane Gas Range Stoves

I70 Gt. Gen. 51. Phone till &

IT'S HAILING raa'rrLizE: IN. NEW zaaannp

More than 170,000 acres of pas-

lureland in New Zealand wen fertilized by airplane during

three months last summer. accord- ing to C-I-L Agricultural News. This is three times the acreage top-dressed by air during the same period last year. he job was ac- complished by 24 airplane com- panies which flew more than 6,000 hours to spread 22,000 tons of fertilizer. . y safety precautions detailed on the manufacturer's label. Only when complete clearance is obtained

a new pesticide Ed-aynranges fromlwill the insecticide.-i.illii'ite.-hi from the government can the pro- s165.000 to 3355.000. one firm used mans, pets, farm animals?

U13 01.350000 in

But research and costs are only part of

lThere is the question

developing lsingle item. Another poured 5150.-llsatisfied his product is research without being-handled able to market its product.

al Even if the

according developmcntv cultural

the of

and health

manufacturer

duct be recommended for use.

is, From the foregoing. it appears safe if obvious that the new pesticides to spccifica- being offered to Canadian grow-

liinns, Canadian government agrl- era today are products of long and

authorities careful research so that they may

story. subject the material to a series I safety.,strict. tests and carefully check the,kind.

of be of maximum benefit to man-

Vloeei no

Original- Equipment-

leer Seal Sea Shell ASH TIIIY TWIII IIOIIIIS 1 .00 1 0-65 "-

Long before the product reach-I 7'2 ed the dealer, a corps of experts it had spent thousands of dollars onl ' ' development work to make ccrtaiui ” the product is everything it is claimed to be. According to a re-., cent report, the cost of developing ""'"r””'l””" seb-s-mien Manufacturers seeking to develop a source of trained manpower of professional status for its production person- nel. the feed manufacturing in- - dustry in the U. S. has reached : an agreement with Kansas State 1 MM can-no Locking College to set up a new school for In wk", u..;r.... "lleuaIu" 1 Colored nan d C- "”"1”8 W ”i”'"””V r ”" ”sl5Iiln:n TELIJITES TOP fillllllili-Snow llsfleelor IREEZIES us an first of its kind in the world. ,,. ,5 , Pr The school will be a co-opera- 88 lz4 8 ', r. K uve project with the college pm. n " 1 Indicate Slurdily built for Deflech mow from Brightly... colored SNNY 5:" ":l'n"h': viding faculty, laboratory. class- "5'""W”' 5"! !:'dl,",:;:'a" on M” guuying of winashloldnnap: plolflc - lnlurl ac: ital mum” rooms and administrative faclli- W" - I",P""": 'sml'I9'I". n .1 l;::i,o,'I.i:ooc:sa,t;.'0g; Wm, mo, fresh on and ellrn- ::il b mm" pm.- tles. The United states feed indus- ,'h'":, H" "U r,.... W .u to 4097,." range. mm drain. 9 try will put up the s2co.ooo bui1d- "2 " ing while machinery manufactur- ' ' ers will contribute and install the IIIINIIIIIM equipment. The course will corre- I , F.nd.f late chemistry, nutrition and en- : I auid" ginecring with practical feed mill- ii ing. 5 Flame lip Hogs, sheep. cattle and chickens it ',;?h,.',',,.'”.? of campus experimental flocks .5 mm" glzsmmin and herds will eat the feeds pro- at I M M,,,5.,,, mm... . . 5,,w,,,,l duced by the students. '' '""" 'I""”"""' " M unhr clear lusllo According to C-l-L Agricultur- Parking Lllllll LIIISIS F00 SHIELDS WIIEEL Mu”: hm! I, "F 1 al News, feeding livestock is no . i. euli "'- ' stalled. j longer a. matter of doling out .24 -44 t ', 'h H, 0" pm"... .,,,,..y Each 1 quantities of grain and forage. The , ,W,m dim, D, brow, "M G, F”, W... ,,g.,,,.,,,,,,:!,1;1akn'i'nn c lwh'.I. mi"-mmuuw 2',. . formula feed industry has grown I Canadian Ttre'e scenery cw tai:Vo.rviv;c:::t::sl0:'ufe';y1:v:m' :;". mohair. ' mwqukk mm rapidly in the last few years as . :;';L'i::'”;.,,f""' "' or in veg driving. I ' i scientists have increased their I o knowledge of the response of 5 a.-'M':”"'a' & growing animals to balanced nu- I . ,... trlents. Economic, political and g 4- w K consumer groups have also de- 1 4 manded more and better animal . : products in the shortest possihlel . A time for smaller expenditures in! . , livestock and poultry feeds. I i I . llrhin Illlslenl I”'''''"''" H" aw. ml"-nMmm4” s”;E"I' M3'ITll:I.. "KOIT . I TIIIGO Flll Iailery Bossier 33-PG. SOCKET WllEilfi.I: ' .5, , I 3... 1350 cannabis I y . . U 10. . W ' 1' M” l d teel-This htuh-crud-'50"-i h”"- 1”" '3'” W''”' ' Vacuum VYDII Mich P:U9uI",'n"L.:BX l:.gt'iVe0r!;l.E37:El."3:ldi3:if.?:. dlmixerrol lcint, volvc V'Vl::1";'l'3 d:'l:"'i" EXff.':mo”n"a'1 lery drain: hlgh- c'ha,9,d. grinder, and popular me sockets. it I. van". pus. Low Dricl. so-mic . . . . . .. am: As mmln -v--'0' 5" - - - - - - i ' ' " '