teach roux THE GUARDIAN

Authorized In Second Club Mull Post Office Department. Utllwu. The lalnnd Guardian Publishing Co.

Editor and Managing Director. In A. Burnett. Auoclnu Editor. Pi-Lnli Wnlkor.

CIRCULATION ”Covcro Prince Edwnnl Island like the dew”

"Tho'slrongesI memory is weaker than tho woukul ink".

CFIARLOTTETOWN MONDAY, NOV. 16. 1953

Good Readers, (toad looks

There has never been an age like the, present one in which books of every de-:

scription are available to almost everyone. Excellent library systems put the world's books in the hands of anyone who cares to read them. Cheap editions make it pos- sible to build up at small expense private libraries that would have been the envy of the wealthy of previous generations. growing niariiet for books and improved techniques of publishing have resulted in H veritable flood of books of every descrip- tion.

As in any kind of a boom, there are dubious developments. Publishers seeing that universal literacy has opened up mar- kets which did not previously exist are tempted to apply the principle of the low- est common denominator as a key for widespread sales. It does not take long, however, for boom psychology to settle down into a more reasonable relationship between demand and supply. The buyer demands exactly what he wants and that

of the best quality. The vendor is not slow '

to adapt himself to the more discriminat- ing market demand.

It is true in the book trade as in any other that the buyer has the whip hand in the long run. His tastes will be reflected in the books that are offered. This is one reason for readers wanting other readers to appreciate the best in literature. It makes it that much more readily available to themselves. Not that their motives are al- together selfish, for they know also that when young people acquire ii taste for good literature they have gained a wealth of pleasure and benefit.

Farm Price indexes

During the past twenty-five years or :0, "index numbers" have come into general use for measuring the increase or decrease of prices, production, or income, yet a great deal of confusion exists as to their mean- ing. For agriculture in Canada we have several indexes, such as for the physical quantity of products produced on Canadian farms, the prices received by farmers, the prices farmers pay for the commodities and services they must buy, and for the whole- sale prices of farm commodities.

The index of prices received by fai'm- ers, and other indexes applying to agricul- ture, are compiled by the Bureau of Sta- tistics at Ottawa. The index of prices re- ceived is a single figure representing an average for prices of the numerous pro- ducts raised on Canadian farms. All the index numbers are based upon a specific period, in this case the years 1935-39.

Actual prices, of course, are not com-I

parable as between products because eggs are sold by the dozen, butter by the pound, wheat by the bushel, potatoes by the bag, livestock by the hundredweighi, and apples hy the box. Thus, a unit of cattle (100 lbs.), is worth more than a unit of eggs (a dozen). Similarly, it would not be of any use to take one unit of each farm pro- duct produced in Canada, add them up and secure the average for the purpose of com- paring it with an average similarly secur- ed for the i.fl3.')-(if) period. The result would be meaningless because of the very great variation in the quantities produced of some products as compared with others. Thus, as recently explained by F. M. Schrader, of the Economics Division, Can-

ada Department of Agriculture, this indcxi

is made up as follows: In order to aver- age the prices of commodities, quoted in different units and ofldiffering importance in production. the individual prices were weighted according to the average produc- tion of the period 1935-39. For any given year the index is the base period produc- tion valued at current prices, compared with the base period production valued at base period prices. Therefore an index of prices received will never indicate changes in income, because the actual production of the current year is not considered. Such a a price index would actually be more like- ly to understate farm income, because low prlces are so often a reflection of high out- put. The index of prices paid for the com- -. moditles and services used by farmers is constructed in much the same way. It in-

. J ,dicatcs only the changes in the average

1 mice per unit of a fixed number of com- modlllu and services used in farm produc- duh.-t-Actually, in this case it is a messuiie

the changes which have occurred hf the price per unit of the item which

if

The.

the base year. It is not a measure of the actual costs of production, because the weight or importance ascribed to cach price is the same year after year and is based upon a survey of farm costs carried out in 1938.

Gross farm cash income from the sale

of farm products, and net farm income, on the other hand, are not calculated in re- lation to-a base year. -The gross cash in- come is the total value of all farm pro- ducts sold during a given period, and is secured by multiplying the price per unit by the total number of units of each com- modity sold at those prices. Net farm income is then computed by deducting costs of production .from gross cash in- come. The costs of production are de- termined by estimating the total quantity of goods and services used in production. and multiplying by current prices per unit. Thus, the cost of production estimate is based on prices and quantities of the same year, whereas the index of costs referred to earlier, is a comparison of current prices of baseperiod quantities with base period prices and quantities. i Net farm income has increased very imarkedly, as compared with 1935-39, when lit averaged &i325 million a year. In 1951 it reached the 352-billion level. Neverthe- less, this comparison is not a true com- parison, because a dollar in 1951 was not worth as much as it was in 1935-39. If the value of a 1951 dollar were reduced to the value of the dollar in 1935-39, net farm income in 1951 would be more like three times, rather than six times that of the five pre-war years.

ii. 8. Tariff Trend

Evidence continues to accumulate that the business community of the United States, and especially the great industrial groups, have experienced a marked change of heart on tariff policy. A particularly striking sign of the times is the continuing and determined campaign by Mr. Henry Ford for a policy of low tariffs or free trade.

Some recent calculations by Mr. Ford are of considerable interest. He has esti- mated that if the United States abandoned all import restrictions, the increase in pur- chases from abroad would approximate b2 5 billions. Naturally certain high cost in- dustries would be hurt by the sudden ap- pearance of competition; but, says Mr. Ford, all of the industries which might suf- fer from the resultant displacement of do- mestic goods had in 1951 a gross product of 34 billions-which is only slightly more than one per cent of the gross national U. S. product. These are arresting figures. The question is of course whether the one per cent should govern the ninety-nine per cent to the national and international detri- ment.

Mr. Fordls answer is blunt. Though no friend of Government subsidies, he con- tends thst it would be better in hardship cases to make direct Government loans or grants or to provide comparable assistance than to permit a few privileged groups of inefficient producers to block the develop- ment of a rational, liberal trading policy. Advocacy of this type,. however challeng- ing, will not of course sweep aside. political obstacles over-night but the mere fact that i such opinions are now greeted with so much respect by businessmen long wedded to the traditional Republican policies suggests that the great U. S. debate is moving steadily and surely in a direction that must reas- roducers in other countries.

i

1 p sure p

EDITORIAL NOTES

The Income Tax Appeal Bdalvl has ask- ed for trouble in ruling that an artist or ientertainer may deduct the cost: of cos- itumes and make-up from taxable income. .The ladies. from receptionists to sales- lwomen, will be claiming that their ex- ' penditure for these items was necessary in order to earn their incomes.

O O O

I Polioniyelitis-infantile paralysis--will become a disease of the past within the next i10 years, a Chicago doctor predicted before a gathering of m:.fc3s in St. Catharines, Ont. The prayer of countless parents. comments the Sydney Post-Record, is that Dr. Morris Fishbein, medical author and editor, knows whereof he speaks. He had better. Anyone who, for reasons of self- importance and a yen for publicity, raises false hopes about a "cure" for a dreaded ldisease, is himself deserving of an unkind fate.

Robert Owen, Welsh socialist, died this date 1858. He was a precocious lad who came to London and later moved to Man- chester. He became the owner of success- ful cotton mills and instituted a system of co-partnership and also set up schools for infants. His scheme attracted much atten- -tion and he made considerable efforts to improve conditions of labour, particularly child labour. He was a prime mover of the Factory Act: of 1819. His communist settlements in England and America prov-

3 n farm costs in the year 1938,

ed to be failures.

THE GUARDIAN. UHARLOTTETOWN

In Range?

enough .

PUBLIC FORUM

This column ll open to the discussion by correspondent: of questions of interest. The Gnndlnn does not necolnh Ily ondono the opinion of .....reopondeni.u.

TEACHERS AND APPRECIATION

Bir,-I read with interest and pleasure W. I. Green's discussion -"Unrest Among Teachers", the sum of which appears in his topic. I-Xe dlsapproves of teachers moving about. from school to school with the present evident frequency, be- lieving that students and children are the better educated by having the same teacher continuously for "long" periods.

This could be so; but. I am in- clined to doubt its verity, under our present system of education. Again, though it might be good for the school. it is not always good for the teacher, and so we

vghlotesi Bx:

behind? -Hamilton spectator.

"If. is only on error of Judge- ment to make A mistake, but it argues infirmity of character to adhere to it. when discovered. The Chinese say, "The glory is not in never falling, but. in rising every time you faill." -Bovee

Hen-pecking. among poultry, some "superior men" will be re- lieved to find is confined to hens. This doesn't. mean roosters are :- bove pecking. Not: n. bit of it. They also jab away at each other to have something to crow about. But a. hen will not peck a rooster, and vice Versa. This, at least, seems one happy feature of hen society; apparently marital problems Just. don't exist. -Edmonton Journal.

lapse into a. cycle argument.-wliat is good for the teacher, "with re- spect to education", must, neces- sarily, be good for the school gen- erally, because the teachers breadth of thinking, culture and social re-, action are contageous among the, students and pupils that lie or she teaches. i

But let me. um, mention that: I agree to the condition whereby no teacher should remain in one school for less than ll. continuous, period of two years-except; where worthy reasons interfere-becausr.' in less time than that. he cannot perform one good year's work. in proof of his potential abilities as in teacher. Therefore both teacher and pupils suffer A. loss by the change that takes place in less than two years. '

Again, the teacher, who. under our present system of education. remains lndiflnitely in a. school, or even for ten years at it stretch, is likely to become narrowed in breadth of appreciative abilities, as well as thought, 'in concurrence with the expansion or contraction of the limits. that bound the so- cial life of "one single commun- ity". He misses the powerfully broadening influences that collabor- ate to expand and refine culture. by association with the people and schools in different localities, ex- tending over as great. an area as nossible-the greater the area, the more varied the conditions. i-ht better the teacher.

I contend further. that teacher settle down in one community for ninrc than t.wo years. continuously. until he has travelled about for A period of ten years, gaining ex- perience. and broadening his views with respect race, humanity and society. to say nothimz of psycho- logy. Such period of probation might: be shortened by half .VeM' periods. where schools and condi- tions permit.

This argument, though not previously planned. is surely coin- cident with the idea of an inter- provincial or national system of education. whereby cultural institu- tions adopt a. standard program- and going farther, in ,. ntlon

i i

no! I should be , permitted to

Lives there a man with soul no dead who never has found himself spiritually merging with the land- scape, xehashlng the talk of last week's friendly party, projecting endless Walter Mitty dialogues- all while driving his newly tuned- up auto along one of the super- fmoolh. -Super-fast super-highways? A gathering of traffic engineers up in Buffalo has concluded that just such mental wanderings are the primary cause of accidents on these futuristic arteries of travel.- From the New York Times

made use of baths, it is perhaps the Romans who brought. bathing to perfection, modern bathing in- cluded. The reflective modern bath- or, soaking himself at case. would probably succumb to exhaustion if he tried to take a bath Roman- style. Much time and ritual attend- ed the event. If the reflective bather withstood the Roman bath, he might try the even more rigor- ous Finnish method. Here one swelters in I steam room for a while and then falls into the near. est. river, or, if there is any about, into the snow.-Edmonton Jour.

nal. '

Old Charlottetown (AM! P. I. I.)

CAKES AND HOIISISSHOES

"Robert Parry begs leave to in- form the public that he has re- moved to the house next door in the Laboratory, above Mr. Joseph Pippy's, where he continues to keep on hand A general supply of Pastry, Wine-Cakes. Gingerbread, &c. Wedding Cakes furnished at the shortest notice. Also-that he continues to carry on the Black. smith business. at Mrs. Henry May, Willlams's Shop. where he hopes to merit a share of public patronage."

-Royal Gazette. Jan. 13. 1&5.

If winter comes. oun dud: be for

Although. .uuny. scivillutlonsl

The .

Wax I.

The world menu so rapidly. uyn senator -Soaper, that jet planes and movie starlets we've merely read about are obsolete before we get. a chance to see them -Ham- ilton Spectator.

The. kind of humanism. tint. thinks there is I law of inevit- able progress. and that man is capable of working out his own salvation without outside help, has in the light of recent experience become bankrupt. Humanism has thus turned back upon its road. Instead of a firm confidence in steady improvement in conditions both collective and individual, there have come bewilderment and despair. Once more we Are faced with the fact that there are only two choices open to us: we have the choice between faith and despair. -St. John Tele. graph-Journal.

Office workers and others who prize the mid-morning break for a cup of coffee. will bless the name of the University of Montreal pro- lessor who says the custom is an aid to Canadian production. The coffee trade also will beam with gratitude for his . encouraging words. Professor Philippe I-lurteau says the coffee-breaks taken by employees counter-act the mono- tony of the daily job and restore energy to the workers are nec- essary to performing their Jobs more quickly and efficiently. This may be a controversial topic in some qunrtens but, since the pro- fessor now has the floor we may liarker. to his statement that sur- veys have showed that coffee breaks "reduced absenteeism, com- batted fatigue and cut. down in- dustrial accldents." --Sydney Post Record.

io70e&l'

MY LIGHT WITH YOURS

When the sea has devoured the

5 N. And the spires and the towers linve gone back to the hills. And all the cities Are one with the plains again, And the beauty of bronze And the strength of steel Are blown over silent. continents. As the desert sand is blown - My dust with yours forever. When folly and wisdom are no more, . And fire is no more. Because man is no more: When the dead world slowly spinning

T "ii" '”'l foils through the void- My light with yours 1.. the Light of Lights foraverl

-llkiur Loo Muters

with the principles and aims of the U.N. might eventually extend to an international system, that "could" constltiite the most power- ful maohlne in the world. con- ducive to Unlvei-ul Peace and se- curlty. I am. Sir. etc. BOOKWORM

And when the servant of the lllll of God was risen only and gone forth, behold, on host on- omnpuood the city both with horses and clarion. And his son- vsnt said unto him. Alu, my mon- torl how shall we dof- And he onsworod, rm not for they that he with us on more thou Ilia! that ho with Ilum. And Ellsln pnyol, Ind sold. Lord. I DH! thoo, open Ill QM. that be Inoy no. And Q0 Lord opened in ono of the young mum and to our: and. behold, the mountain was full of house Ind ohorfoto of fire round about Elisha. p

means

.which will permit the fnmny

r

IIIIIIIIIIQO v

on or run MOST Imonranr '1-nnvos IN mm is mconn.

hilunnoo provide: a means by which income snatched Iwly by accident. Iicknun or death may be replaced to on extent

measure of financial security. Our policies are devised to meet and deal with such emergencies. f "

We will welcome on opportuiiity to serve you.

ilYllilMAll' & CO. LTD.

' ufllou: ClAILOfI'l.'l1'0W'K O BUHIIIIIIDI . MONTAGUI I

Annie throughout the Province.

ASSIIREIJ

or the individual to maintain II

o

lines 181!

-. .

NOVEMBER, .13., 1953

The Passing Scene

By Observer

"TIIE IMPEN

DING CRISIS"

111.

i Thus far I have dealt (sketchliy) with Dr Keenlcysldes thoughtful appraisal of world problems. He is not. content, however, with diag- nosing the illness that has, de- scended on humanity; he hiusomo suggestions concerning a. remedy which may brinrg about at. least. partial recovery. 1 It seems to me tlmt one of Dr. ii-:eenleyside's better qualifications life: in his patient approach to what. the future may hold. His !kcen historical some will not per- lmlt. him to assume the existence of short cuts to world recovery. irhe road will be long and prob- :ably winding. In fact, it is not. 'likely that anyone now living will 'seo the and of friction between Russia. and the West. There are I great many things besides Com- munism and non-Communism in- volve-:1 in this historic struggle and some of them go back a long way.

The best we can hope for is steady and slow progress-one step jet 2. time-and perhaps if human- jty can keep from destroying itself for another few decades, a new and wiser generation will be in a position to work with more per- ,msnent ends in view. Meanwhile, In Dr. Koonleyside points out, jthere are certain things which the free world must keep on doing regardless of rebuffs. discourage- ments. and seeming frustrations.

o 0 o "

"The first step." Dr. Keenleyoide says, "is to strengthen and main- tain our military defences." For thls he can see no alternative of present.

This strengthening of defence: must be a severe. drain on our economy, and no one seriously ex- pect; toxes to be reduced very much while it is going on. The sad part. of it. is that there is no end in sight. For all anybody know: at. present, the race in arm- aments with all that goes with it may continue for may you-A or even much longer than that, pro- vided global war does not take a hand meanwhile.

In the put: armament races have invariably led to war. That does not nocesurily mean that the cur- rent one will end the some way but, in any case, disarmament on the part of the West would almost certainly mean its quick conquest by Communist forces. It can be assumed that the plsiuiers of world Communism would like no- thing better than the news that the West had grown weary of pre- paring for a contingency that might. never come to pass. That would be worth a lot. more to them than a stockpile of atom bombs.

I O O

l

The second step, in Dr. Keen- leyslde's opinion. is "to strengthen the weaker nations that are still free from Communist. domination". The inference is that unless we get. there first with definite assist.- once for their economies and defl- nlte proof of our intention to help them in social reform: the Com- munists will subdue them by the joint action or promises and the sword.

The idea of sending hundreds of millions of dollars to countries which until quite recently were

to most of us is not a Faf'ticlll:.:'h pleasant one, especially ulicn .. think about the taxes he have in pay. The alternative, liowevcr, ,; even less pleasant. It would meal in A very shorttlmc the oubjumf lion of four out of every rm, people in the world.

As Dr. Keenleyside suggests, 11,, notion that one-nfth of ii1ClVOl'i(i: population can remain free iiluig ithc other four-fifths are in pm. cos: of enslnvement is too f:uitn.-- tlc to merit serious consideration Even on a commercial and pom. lcal basis, to say nothing of am. humanitarian motive, the lflflllrv sent abroad to combat Coniiiiuiils infiltration must. be, considered ;, good investment. although me ,1”. ldends may not begin to come in for some time yet. "

It isn't a question of lliltillf" we want to aid weaker nationf this is one instance where at-.ul.' emic discussion is a waste of time When A man's house is on fire in-' doesn't. just sit back and watch in burn. It may burn anyway but Ihp owner, unless he be a foot or ,-.-, arsonist, will attempt to shit, what he can.

Fillluy. Dr. Keenleyside is in emphatic agreement with iilosc who argue that one good il.”li' in ensure freedom for other pcoplp ,5 to keep strict watch on our cm. The thought expressed in the fol. lowlnc PEFIEMMI is one that even Canadian should ponder and pant. cier well:

"Guilt by association; the torti- nique of the smear; the profession of the public informer; the pm... tin of the Big Lie; those things must never become an admitted port of Canadian life".

History has no record of an. people who made themselves st:-zn. by adopting tactics they jlllolesx”-r'l to despise.

coo

There is one paragra )1 1 . Keenleyi-side's address wilichnismh bit puzzling. it has to do with the rapid increase in the woi-ld;., population during the last centuri- or so which. according to of Keanleyside, is responsible for alo' the world's problems especially ” they mmem W6 propel" distri- bution of food. "in 70 years," 1... "3'5- "We World's imputation uiii be nearing five billion-unli-M

something is done about it, and

done soon."

What can be done about it? Di- Keenlcyslde does not any and ji may be assumed that, like the W; 0i US. he has no solution to him for that kind of ii problem. You Just can't so around killing off the surplus population, em. .1 ,. would mean a better standard of living for those who would sum... the slaughter. i Psnglplileu like 'iTiic liilpclldin: Crl-its are intensely intcrestl , and informative. It is to be ilmltd that this one has been given did.- circulation.

HULL, England (CPV-New-Strip Jitterbug dancing "causcs ge,,,',.,,, Ulliieavel” and keeps people a.,,,,. from dances here. an official said. "'5 53” Only 22 persons slioived up on one occasion. causing the

nothing but little spots on a map

lCiV3C Orlzanizers to lose money

PROFESSIONAL CARDS”

Dr. W. R. Carson CHIBOPBACTOB Palmer Gtldunto CEABLOITETOWN VDILI M33 201 Prince St

A. Wulflion Gander. LLB.

BABBISTEB. SOLIUITOB. Etc. Phillipe Jnlldln; Ill Grafton sma Money to Loan

M. Albun Forum. 9.6. B.A.. LLB. Burton: and Solicitor Bank of Commerce Building Charlottetown Money to Loon

. B.A.

I F .

IIABBISTER. SHLIUITOB. r

MucPlIee & Trainer II. If. DIIPIHEE, I!.A.. Q45. IL SOMEIILED TBAINOR. 8.A. barristers, mu.

Palmer 8: Hoislurn T

A. J. HASLAM. B.A., LLJL Barrister. Etc. Bank of Nova Scotin (7immi1erI Clmrlottctnwn. P. E. L MONEY T0 LOAN

Mafhoson. Peuke 8.”

. Nicholson A. W. RIATIIZSON. Q.().

A. ll. PEAKE. B.A.. Ll..B. JOHN P. NICHOLSON. LLJ3 Barristers. Etc. Collection: - Money To Man 175 Grafton street

'63?cTi3?E.TAE?iFiiiian.”

NOTARY. Etc. "”"'"" """ ”""'""' nAnnlsB'1'.&."so!i:i-c.viFi"iin. litr- CnA3L0TT5T"WN IM Princo St. - Clinrloitoiouu i H J M in R o ””" ” A C OI! T'T'T:-'"'T-T"? -9 ' ' ' ' ' Frederic A. Large. 0-9- Oplomotriol Barrister, Soiloitora N;tr'Ilr.lVm; . no 1 ' u c '"0M'N0- 7- 3- L " (iii.:r'lIITtt:io:'!nIimP-B E- L "W" 5" Mm. ”'i'-.l”;i3.i'.T" Fm" Byron J. Grant. O.D. on K. A. Maciuchefn OPTOIIITIIIT DENTIST in Int Shoot Phone I1! Dental X-ny ' . tovpollh Bonn llnul) Above Charlottetown Clinic H :02 queen st. DIM '3

Allison M. Gillll. I.L.l.

IAIIIITII. IOLIOITOI. Ito. IN Noll-ond Gt - Cu-rlottetown

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