.. ' I GHIIILQTTETBWI Glllllflllll

Iornlng Dally (Founded ln 1887)

_""__"—_—' ._Ch;lsr’ s. mini-is“ Vino-President: J. I. Burnett, FJ-l. loerolnry. Hell. Ool. D. A. Maelflnnon, v3.0. lllhr and Managing Director: J. B. Burnett. FJJ. lloclalo ldltora: Frank Walker and Lleut. h: A. Burnett, B.C.N.V.R. (On Actlvo Service) ‘The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than

the Weakest Ink."

THURSDAY, JUNE H, 1915

The Economic Council

A5 President Truman well said in closing the world security conference at San Francisco. the effectiveness of the new peace charter will depend entirely upon the spirit in which it is observed. Something to the same effect was said in connection with the agreements signed by the old League of Nations. But there is a difference. The new peace charter represents a m-uch more practical approach to the problem, and for that reason alone is likely to prove more effective. p

For example, the final clauses of the Liter on economic and social co-operation have been so broadened that they are scarce- ly recognizable as the clalscs u-rittcn a year ago at Dumbarton Oaks. hc proposed Econ- omic and Social Council has been made a chief arm of the world organization. There will be l8 United Nations menlbcrs, retiring in groups of six each year. The Council's purpose is to promote economic and social progress, health, cultural and educational co-operation, and re- spect for human rights regardless of racc, language, religion or sex. It will be the central co-ordinating agency for the whole world in activities in all these fields. Nothing like this ever existed before.

The Russians led t-he- fight to have "equal rights and self-determination of peoples" rec- ognized. The Australians and New Zealand- ers secured inclusion of “full employment" among the objectives. These were major con- troversies in drafting. There is no veto On this council's decisions, but its power will be only to recommend. Yet in marshalling world opin- ion, it may exercise the greatest power avail- able to an organization seeking the improve- ment of daily life.

A clause inserted after provides teeth to the measure. It is the clause by which every country signing the charter pledges itself to "take joint and separate action to achieve the purposes of the Economic and Social Council." The Council is therefore a genuine instrument for organizing peace. It will be able to bring into line the activities of many organizations already in existence. The British fought successfully to have the Inter- national Labor Office linked with the council. There are others like the World Food and Agri- culture Organization and the World Trade Union Congress. The council can set up com- missions and the first may be a commission on human rights. It can promote international conventions on specialized subjects and encour- age the nations to accept them. The Interna- tional Opium Office, the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation and various health organizations may be related directly to the council.

One can hardly imagine the effect on human affairs if this new Economic and Social Coun- oil applies itlelf with vigor to the whole field of activity which is open to it. Projects men- tioned in tlhe records of the conference besides those already listed included migration, control of raw material and capital goods, an inquiry into the status of women and the problems oi rcconstruction.

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prolonged debate

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Niagara Falls ‘Going’ South

Before the Great Lakes existed or the glac- iers invaded Ontario, the Lake Erie basin was drained by a stream called the Erigan River. It is believed to have cllt across to the Lake Ont- lrio basin near Dundas. The glacier, atlvaltcing southward, scraped the Erigan Valley full of dfift and when the last glacier left the region the old valley was sealed up. The Lake Erie basin filled up with water and spilled over the escarpment at Queenston. Niagara Falls orig- inated at that time and the river began the cut- ting of its gorge which has required about 25,- 000 or 30,000 years. The falls are retreating up the river now at the rate of three to four feet a year, as established by a number of sur- veys. At this rate they would reach Lake Eric and start to drain it in about 45,000 years. This is a long time from the human standpoint, but Very short in geological history.

World's Best Oiet

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Canada continues to be the best fed nation hi the world. According to official United states government figures published lll the United States News, Canada has been eating 86f pounds of meat, poultry, fish, milk, butter, other fats and sugar per year during the war. This compares with 730 pounds of such foods available per capita to citizens of the United States this year. '

But how well we live in Canada is seen bet- ler when we look at the diet of European coun- tries. Britain has 56o pounds per capita, Hol- lind 28f pounds, France 243, Germany 323 and Poland 233. The Canadian may well wonder how the European people live at all on less than lfalf our diet. Such figures do not include cer- eels, fruit and vegetables but in these cate- gories Canadians are better off than most other people.

The strangest fact shown by the new calcul- ations is that both Canadians and Americans are eating far more today than before the war, des- pite shortages in a few focds. Ollr Canadian wartime consumption of 851 pounds compares with 754 pounds before the war, while the United States has been eating 808 pounds as

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against 713 pounds before the war.‘ The dict of Europe, including Britain, has shrunk to sn appalling degree and is cut almost in half in some countries. ‘They never ate much as we do but even their relatively small pre-war diet has been cut, in some cases below a recognized subsistence level.

visiting once more its city of adoption. n- : it s

make Tokyo pause and think how much better

it would be to accept unconditional surrender

than world boycott. U

boast that it is prosl wing now better than ever hitherto. with its success, it halving a fine alignment of clergy and laymentfo: it: sit up.‘

ployment situation, but the would like answered is—how many of the vet-

vation of the soil? I

majority f4 votes, and Hon. I. Gardiner, Lib-

Also in St. Antoins-Westmount, Abbott, Liberal, has a small majority, and in North Wellington, Ont, where the Conserva-

Halifax between now and Saturday. A break- down shows that 7,395 of the men are Army,

expected to arrive yesterday, Lady Nelson to- day, and Pasteur Friday. i i

American actress, born this date 1859; noted for statuesque beauty and fine voice for which she achieved an international reputation; favourite roles were Perdita, Hermione, Galatea, Pauline, Juliet; at the early age of thirty she retired from the stage and in I890 married An- tonio de Navarro, papal chambcrlain; in 1915 she reappeared for once only. for War Funds, in Gilbert's Comvdy

n-

ent personnel and type of governments at the

bia and Manitoba coalition governments Saskatchewan a C. C. F. government." Alberta

Provinces.

that the election is safely over, and because to market this year over last year.

fact that western farmers are getting more,

United States by truckloads for manufacture of the drug. sold at higher prices and where the buyer pays 2t cents per pound for a dressed hog this year, last year he paid somew

European food production, Britons will tighten their ‘belts still further. The

reduce the country's food stocks: Sugar: This year's Christmas bonus of half a pound has been cancelled and other reductions necessary to bring Britain's stocks down by 300,000 will be made. by about 350,000 tons by the end of July 1945. Shredded Suet: To be rationed. to be reduced by one-eighth except for young children and babies. Bacon :' Weekly ration to be reduced from four to three ounces. British consumption will be down to 10o pounds per head in I945 compared with I15 pounds in

leader Attlee, to accompany him to the next meeting of the Churchill is by no means weakening on Party's policies. hope" for a world peace organization "is that the foundations will be laid on the indissoluble agreement of Great Britain, the United States

ation of the National Conservative Party poi- icy, the Prime Minister explained in detail his party's attitude toward domestic and interna-

world is now_ founded upon the setting up of a world future wars of aggression by the weak or the strong."

Despair would be a crime." ai

ready to fight in the defence of freedom will count in the high councils of the world and thus safeguard coming generations against the im- measurable horrors of another war.”

nearly as

-EDITOR_IAL _ NOTES-

Welcome to H. M. C. S. Charlottetown on

The San Francisco Peace Charter lbw!!!

The Bible Society locally has the proud

Good organization has much to do

With so many returning men reaching out horcs there should be some relief to the em- question faruurs

rans are able or willing to return to the culti- i U I

Reoounts have been called for in the election f Mr. C. T. Purdy, Liberal, Colchester-Hants,

ral, Melville, Sask, whose majority was 32. where Mr.

ve has a small lead. is m a o

Over 12,000 returned men are expected in

,5oo R. C. A. F., and 70o Navy. Aquitania was

According to London advices, both Presi-

dent and Mrs. Truman have been invited by tllfibp King and Queen to visit them at Buckingham Palace, after the Three Power Conference in Berlin next month. London, the first real royal reception since V-E D

This means gay times in

ay.

u a v a- Madame de Navarro (Mary Anderson)

her

and I

Tragedy. I I v There will be an almost completely differ-

orthcoming Inter-Provincial Conference, com- ared with, the previous one. Now, Ontario has Progressive Conservative government, Quebec Union Nationale government, British Colum- and

till has a Social Credit government and the Lib-

ral parties still hold power in the Maritime

I U I I Rationing of beef is to be re-enforced. now

here has been l. 32 per cent drop in hogs sent Eastern armers attribute the drop in production to the

nd with greater ease, for selling their grain as uch, than for using it as feed. Another con- ributing factor is the shortage of labor. From astcrn Ontario, whey, usually used for hog eed, is being used in fair quantity for peni- illin production and is reported going into the

Furthermore, hogs are being

hat over 17 1-2 cents. ll

i Jr

Until normal conditions

i

are restored in

following are ome 0f the steps taken at the end of May to

tons Oils and Fats: To be reduced

Soap: Stocks

Meat :

944-

w I I I While inviting his late deputy, Labour Party

Big Five, Prime Minister his He declares “our prevailing

nd Soviet Russia." In his 8.oo0-word declar-

onal problems. and said "the main hope of the organization strong enough to prevent

He added: “It would be wrong tn retend that so far full success has been gained. Of the part Brit- n would have_to play in the future, Mr. hurchill said "only a Britain that is strong and

Notes By The Way

I

Why la ll that when you buy a bunch of “beautiful assorted col-

ten turn out. that famous old barn red —Guelph Mercury.

geant. A California detective solv- ed a crime by proving that hair found on the premlses was from s light. sandy beard, not from the heed o! s. blond woman.

A woman wlll put on a golf out- fit. when she can't play golf, and she likes to get, lnto bathing-dress even if she can't swim. But when she puts on a wedding dress she isn't fooling. - Peterborough Ex- aminer. ,

The minimum salary» of Presby- terian ministers has been raised from $1,400 to $1,800 a, year. It ls little enough to pay men who have to spend four or five years pre- paring for the ministry and, after ordination, are expected to be at the beck and call of their congre- %IllClOIIS.—-.BI'OCKVlllQ Recorder and mes.

It ls amazing how popular the public is with Governments at the time of an election. It la con- sulted as to this. asked regarding that, addressed ln the softest of terms, and told, moreover, that lt ls intelligent. The last. ls true. Were the public not intelligent, ft would have sold its liberties long ago, and to the first set of dema- gogues-Vlctorla Colonist.

Almost 500 women doctors have been serving for some time with the Royal Army Medical Corps ln the United Kingdom, on the con- lnent of Europe, in Italy, the Mid- dle East, East. Africa and Indla, says British Information Service. Fully commissioned, with the rank, pay and privileges of their male fellow officers, they have been per- forming all regular army duties with the exception of front-line combat service and field ambul- ance duties.

Operators of the 40 Govern- ment-approved chicken hatcherles n New Brunswick may well be roud of their accomplishment this season. 5o far they have

d more than 1,000,000 c tokens which are equal in pedigree and physical condition to the best. They come from blood-tested and ap- proved hens and more than sixty- flve per cent of them have lived and are well on the road to matur- lty.--8alnt John Telegraph-Journal

Tho action of the Department of Highway ln putting 9, machine on the roads which will pick up stray bolts, nuts and other metallic sub- stances lylng loose and which sometlmes destroy tires ls to be heartll commended, and shows that. t e department has the wel- fare of the travelling public at heart, as no doubt a great many tires will be saved by this contriv- ance, but the Department might go a step farther and institute n. system of car inspection for all cars and trucks which use the highways. — Owen Sound Sun- es.

From the Port Elgln Times comes tihe interesting suggestion that. the Bruce County Council might takc up with the Department of High- ways the advlsablllty of planting hedges of evergreens along the highways to replace the unsightly snow fences. It says that the trees would not only beautify the coun- tryslde but. would prove more ef- fective tn preventing drifting than the resent fences. The idea is one at, might well be adopted ln ln other counties in this part of Ontario, says the Owen Sound Sun- Times. The hedges could be used to replace at. least those snow fences which can remain per- permanently and do not have to be removed each spring. Evergreens are plentiful in this district and could be used to replace snow fences on all the provincial high- ways. Both Bruce and Grey Coun- t Councils would do well to give t e idea consideration.

Respect fpr the flag ls flue, but there are fag worshippers who go to extremes and enter the realm of nonsense. Their latest out- brea ls a solemn protest to the

Code committee against putting the classic Iwo flag-raising tc- ture on a postage stamp. W y? Because the flag on t. e stamdp would be licked. smeared. noun - ed on to envelopes and run through cancelling machines-all ve dlsres ectful to the Stars and Str pes. ls ls the normal treat.- ment of postage stem s, and no- body has protested t at indigni- tles are being inflicted upon t/he faces of Washington, Lincoln, Jo!- fcrson and other national figures. Their memory isn't. considered to

clerk puts large pluck marks across their portraits. It won't lmpalr anybody's reverence for the real flag, either, lf an atom of ink happens to alight on its pic- ture on the Iwo stamp. The Flag Code committee ought to go climb a flagpole. _ St. Louis Post.- Dls- patch.

Amerlcan writers are making grand claims that Eisenhower was the grand strategist who won the war, and that. he proved a mlll-

great. commanders ln world hie- tzory. Wh dispute such claims? Let them a1 ride. But at the same time, let appraisal be given to what we do know has been the great genius of the American Command- er-ln-Chlef. That genius has been fellowship, decency in comrade- shl with others than his 01m, un erstandlng, tolerance gut-hard insistence that no mun could insult a British comrade any more than he could insult him- self, the 6.0.0. That ls why Brl- tlshers, also all Canadians, have ll-ked the Amerlcnn General. Look st. his face tn the pictures. It tells a story ln ltsel Compare that fun with those of Prussian gen- erals captured. ‘fliers ls some- t-hlng about the face of Eisen- hower ln relief which shows hu- manity. the face of s good neigh- bor, not. a great man but one wh in lower strata of life would cherished as a good friend. l! Just seems to look st you from ht

ors" of gladloll bulbs. nlno out of

Ilalr of the beard h coarser than hair of the head. says Pa-

both Grey and Bruce and perhaps abo

Presiilent from the National Flag-

have been insulted because a postal h,

tary genlul ranking with all the d;

and a];

_ Weather

(By Professor David Brunt, (MA, D.Sc., F35.)

cent of alr, ortl If the a ho

1r ways moved ‘or as we know it would

A

character of weather ln different parts of the world are, indeed, mainly differences ln the mechan- l-slm which produces the ascent of

lrou may get o better ides. of weather lf you keep the following principles ln mind:

The pressure of the alr at any level ls a mells w of the weight: of the whole column of air above one uars inch of horizontal sur- face paces at thatlevel. The higher we place the horlzonal surface, the less air will there be above lt, so that pressure falls the higher ou go. Now that the security ban as been lifted, we shall hear again of a depression approaching from Iceland. That means that, for the area between us and Iceland, alr has been removed sideways, so as to leave less than the normal amount over that area. To pro- duce an average winter depression requires the removal of about one hundred thousand mllllon tons of air. I have often been asked when we shall be able to control the weather out-of-doors, and my an- swcr ls "when we are able to atop- a hundred thousand millions tons of alr from going lts own way." Secondly, there ls the tempers- ture of the air. The warmer the alr, the more water vapour it can hold.

s

ft. can no longer hold the same quantity of water vapour. At that stage some of the water vapour wlll condense into small water drops.

Now, when clamp air rises into levels of lower pressure, it expands and cools. We then have the op- posite action to that which occurs ln a bicycle pump. which com- presses and heats the Bil‘, and the air, in turn, heats the end of the pump through which it ls forced. Ascending damp all‘ will thus ex- pand and cool, and if the ascent ls continued sufficiently high, there wlll form within the rising air, first a cloud of very smull wuter drops, and latter larger drops which full to the ground as rain. If the mo- tion is reversed the cloud growth ls reversed, and when cloudy air sinks the cloud becomes thinner, and then disappears.

‘Thlrdly, there ls the uestlon of wlnd. The wind near t e ground ls directed from hlgb to low pres- sure, but in such a way that an observer in the northern hemis- phere standlng with his back to the wlnd will have lower pressure to his left, than to his right; ln the southern hemisphere he would have lower pressure to his right than to his left.

Fourthly, the effect. of ground. The air ls heated and cooled by the ground. The tem- perature of the solid ground, and therefore of the air immediately above it, is rapidly raised by bright sunshine, and is rapidly lowered by radiation to the sky on a cloucllcss night. But over the oceans the temperature changes little from day to night. By day the sun's rays penetrate through a consider- able depth of water, and only a small fraction ls used up ln heat- lng the surface layer of water. At night, no sooner 1s the surface layer of water cooled by radiating heat to the sky. thanlt. sinks, and is replaced by warmer water from below. And so the night cooling of the sea surface ls very small. We have then to think of the temperature of the surface of the sea, and of the air immediately ve as remaining nearly steady by day and night, while the land. and the air above it. are warmed by day and cooled by night. In summer, the land gains more heat ln the long days than it. loses ln the short nights, and so be- comes warmer than the sea. In winter, on the other hand, the land loses more heat. ln the long nights than it gains ln the short days, and so becomes colder than the sea. That. ls why breezes from the sea are cool ln summer and mild in winter.