nsszsnb-s li;\Zla"l"l‘l§, MAii'i:iii,'s.

SCIENCE AND ARTS. (From Chasuber-3': Journal.)

The progress of railways in India exceeds all anticipation. The line of 1000~llIll0l from Cal- outta to Delhi, for which government gives the land, is advanoiu at each extremity. One hand- red and twenty- ve miles from Calcutta to Runegungoo an o n ; and another seventy-ﬁve miles, to ltujaina al, will soon be ready. The

00miles from Delhi to Allahabad are to ﬁnished in 1857. To travel between those two cities at present takes four days and nights, and costs L.25 ; but by rail, it will be a journey of twenty-four hours, at a charge of L6. 1‘he whole line is to be completed in 1859. As in England, so iu.l_n ' —-die greatest revenue was expected from transport of merchandise; but the pasenger-traﬂic turns out to be by far the more profitable. The Iiindncs appreciate cheap and re id travelling, as well as ourselves ; an the rai ways seems likely, more than any other European innovation, to break down distinction of caste, that curse of Eastern society. The ‘ upper ten-thousaiid,’ as the Americans call them, wished to have trains exclusively to them- selves ; but the directors persist in despatching first, second, and third class carriages all in the same trai . The veteran Humboldt has written to the As- tronomical Soeiety ‘ On Certain Appeuruncel connected with the Zodiacal Light ’—drawing attention to new facts connected with that in- teresting phenomenon; froiu which it appears that this remarkable light is noteonﬁned to the west, as was supposed, but has been seen by hiniselfand others in the east at the same time. The latest observer, Rev. G. Jones, chaplain of the United States’ frigate Jllissisrippi. during her recent cruise in the China and Japan Seas. reports that he saw the ‘ extraordinary spec- tacle of the zodiacal light, simultaneously at both cost and west horizons, for several nights in succession.’ The conclusion drawn from the sum of his observation will be a startling one to many : it is, that the earth is surround- ed by u nebulous ring lying within the orbit of the moon. So, if, as is stated, the ring he coni- plcto and continuous, we liiive for ages been playing the part ofa smaller Saturn among our brother and sister planets.

A coiiiiiiuiiication made to the Entomological Society by Mr. d'Urban of Newport. near Exc- ter, will be interesting to all—and the number is great—who are concerned in the manufac- ture of silk. He thinks that many species of Bomliycidx (silk-worms) are undescrvcdly nog- lccted, and one, a native of Canada, is likely to stand our climate, and produce silk in consider- able quantities. The cocoon is large and well covered, and double—a precaution, doubtless,‘ against, the severity of the Canadian winter. ‘ Could it be made useful,’ says .\lr. d‘Urban, ‘it would be a great boon, as it must be ii dura- ble material, indeed, to resist the wind and rain of ten months, or even of two or three years, as I have found these cocoons ndheriiig as strong- ly as ever to the tree the following spring after t c escape of the moth.’ As the insect will eat leaves ofthe maple, choke-cherry, and Ameri- can plum, there would be ‘ no trouble in find- ing food for it in this countr : and.’ d‘Urban adds, ‘ I do not think t ere would be much dilliculty in introducing it, as the cocoons could be gathered in an number in Canada and the United States. an sent home by steam- ers, backed in air-tight boxes; as sea-air, froiu my own experience, soeius to be fatal to them, it would be hardly possible to send the eggs across the Atlantic; as only two months iiitcr- vcnc between the appearance of the moth and the larva going into cocoon, itis manifest the eggs must be hatched soon after they are laid ; these eg 5 are large and oval in shape, and pure white, f the moths, were bred in En land, could be ot to air, there would then e no further 0 stacle n obtainin a suppl of silk by the end of the following ugust after their arrival.’

The project for a ship-canal across the isth- mus to connect the two oceans,which was loudly talked of in America a few ears ago, is not for- gotten, and we learn,that surveys of the propos- ed route have been made, and notes taken of “P °llml|l°. geology, botany, c., of the re- ion. The plan is, to make use of the Atrato, a read and deep river, navi bio for seventy miles from its mouth, in the ulfofDarien, by “I0 largest vessels. At that point, a tributary, the Truando, falls in, which is to be widened

w ._ ."

Md deepened for thirty-six miles, louvin twenty-ﬁve miles, through which a canal would live to be out to reach the Pacilic—this canal lobe 200 feet wide,snd thirty feet at low-water. N9 locks will be needed, so that no impediment will _be olisred to vessels passing each other at all times: and there are good harbours at each 9 remit . The cost of the work is estimated “l74.000,000 dollars, which, compared with 0 wide between the Atlantic and Pacific, Vffmlll leiive a handsome proiit. and all the risk K hennng round Cape iiorn would be avoided. °,°'"dIng to the report published in the Jour-

"V the Fronlrlin Inslilulc, ‘ the federal go- “llllllciit of the United States pro uses to veri- H” "“""*‘.)'~‘l: and I-‘r.ince and ngland have

" ‘*“"t‘<l to participate ’ ‘l"l0n,; recent patents taken out in America

ha taches itself only to the engraving or etching,

d ollico of Washington lnis granted altogctier

I «Tit

‘kind. In ‘ s_us ender webbing.’ . The app“-“cu. s so contrive that when one side of a hole is PVOVOD. the web runs back, and the othbr side is °rmed- Another II for the prepay-gtion of the surface_of metallic ‘plates for printers, with a niercuriulanialgsm to which the ink will not adhere; whereby all the tpouble now taken by copper and _ste.el-plate rinters to wipe their plates after inking will e saved, as the ink at-

vtopographical ms in that parrot E

Iirst, Moscow with Saratow ;

crn psrtfofltutsia and in the ’l.'r.i.nsc;iucasiun

gerruption . '

apd leaves the other portion_of the surface free. G-leanings from late Papers. ; notbcr is for an ‘ automatic rake’ for harvest --- work: Improvements in knitting and sowiii

inochines are numerous; and one ingenious citizen claims ‘ a design for a cast-iron menu. meat for the head ofgraves, combining the ti - arcs of harp and heart, with a recess for tie insertion of a miniature likeness and inscri t-' ion, and ii locket of hair,’ What next! 'lhe

Iiiron'n.\'-r TRIAL A1‘ -run Cixvsrii. l’.ii..icn.— The following account ofa trial ut‘s¢ailes at the Fair of the American Institute,"-held in the Crystal Palace in New York, is from the Penn- i_Iylvanian.' We take pleasure in transfcrriiig it to our columns, i-eﬂectiiigas it does, great credit upon a wellknown and successful New England manufacturing firm. We would add that the scales manufactured by” the Messrs. Fuirlinnks were taken from their usual stock in New York, and since the account of the trial was published, have been adjudged the best, and a gold medal Iias been awarded for the larger one and a silver medal for the smaller one :

“ We had the pleasure of witnessing, :1 few

ays since, an interesting test trial of vzirious weighing machines on exhibition at the Fair of the American Institute in the Ci-ystal l’.iIiice. The trial was conﬁned to the relative merits of the celebrated Fairbanks ﬁciiles, the scales

250 atoms for churns; train which we may in- for t ie approaching perfection of a. highly use ful _d:iiry iinplcmont. Butter being inn-lo with rapidity, involves the nccessity—ainong Ameri- cans iit lcast—ol a rapid insane for weighing and stamping, and this is uccomplishodiby xi machine which has been in use for nearly two years. It consists of a scale beam, the weight at one end. a cup, enamcllod inside at the other. in which, by is insane of ii lever, and and the wooden block or stamp, the lump of butter is weighed, coniprcsscd, and delivered in a condition ready for the market, with great ,,e]eri;y_ . manufactured by liuryec .\': Forsytli, ol' lioclleg.

Canada has been so long inconvenienced by a “"3 ‘v ‘"‘d "' “°“l.Y l’“’°"l°d 5L'“l“u '"=""l' mixed and confused coinage, that measiii-cs r“"'_”"°“l M "°"l{°"'“"- V‘- T0 W“ “'0 |'t'=|l IN“, been taken for reducing an the m,,m,y up merit of the scales, the coinniittcc placed upon ,1“, country ,0 ,, uniform 8,m;,dMd_ The logir the platform ot_ a scale having the capaicity of lature have authorised a report on the subject. 3" ‘°"”- “' “'“$_l‘l' °‘ 3393 l»'°““d9v “Ml “"3" and passed mo ,.e5°]u,io,,s' which we im,e,.,_ removed the weight to various parts of the

here as an cncoura eiiicnt to the promoters of Pl“lf0Tln- “flﬁll ‘hi’ “‘°l‘r§l" Of‘ "90 Cllrlwl‘ Of decimal coinage forgldnwland :—‘ 'l‘hnt after the ‘M V"?-°""°5 5°“l°- "W l’‘’“'" '“d'°""9d 3390

first day ofJaua:y 1853, there shall be but one P“““‘l9v ‘V_"'~‘" l"‘“‘°d °" "W "PP'~"‘l‘° "‘"'"°" the beam indicated only 3377 pounds, showing

currenc of accounts and payment, of which . . . , “,0 do] m. 31”,” 1,0 the mm and ,_,mnd,",d of a dillerence ot‘l.$ pounds, iind when rcniovcd ,.,,,l,w ; tho public m.c,,,,nts am," he kept -in to the centre ol the platform the beam sliowcd dollars, cents, and mills , and the coinage ho 638: pounds. A request was then inndu, that equal in intrinsic value to that of tho Uniiod tli_e weight be again placed on the corner lirst Smm,,_: tried, which was done, and the weight the a That "H, gm, Of 3240 pound,‘ the h,md,.,,d_ beam now indicated was 33t\'2_’ pounds, showing weight of lit? pounds, the half-huiidri-divciglit f‘, ‘,mr"°'}“°_"l l"’“",‘l-" h'‘““_ “N M3‘ tl""l- of 51'» pounds, and tho quartcr-liuiirlreilwciulit “"3 “”“”"’" "’,"“'"”"'.“”1° '" l"‘” "' "'0 of 23 oiiiids, be reduced to a ton of 2000 ‘,""“"lS°“_'°"‘ °f,l"° l’L‘”"'_"'! _'‘l’‘’” “'0 '_"‘_’”" l,,,,,,,,]s and its s,,},di,.is;,,,,,,_v ings, which. forbids the possibility of its gI\;l‘lI_!: f, in altering our own standard or systein, it '"'°""°t “"54” "" ‘!3"”""’i§ ‘f”_" "~“'lf V 1”” could be assiinilatcd to that of Canada and the “i” “Y” ""'“ “l’ifl"'d l“ i‘ 1‘"'l'l‘*“l<5 -’>U|lt'- States, liow materially would its l:enclits be in- ‘“'d “'“°'_' "‘_° “'""$-1"‘ “"19 l‘l"f""l_"" ""0 <‘0l'll"l‘ eased. ol'_I.hc ]3t'|(ili)l'lIl tliu la-nin indicated the Inn- 'l‘ho Historical Society of Quebec is (lr."l.\\’lll2.‘.Ulg/:1.‘ J‘{),‘{.Im"1"ds.i 0'; (“.0 svuinil "ind “HM ‘attention to Aiiticosti as a ilnsiraiblc laicc for °_'":'"’”" t "lﬂlfsu ‘“.f's. t ‘u *_f'""? ‘ 0" "3," mun.“ colonists and it is surprising,th:it:m is Illltl one "mtn:r'_l“ E ’“r':"'°"l “as l'”°."l"‘"'i."',. fourth larger than Prince Evlwaird island IimymSl’,,‘1(, M”? ‘in: he-iipcmmmut Ll“- should have been so long neglected’ It lies ”'f"’:)‘ "i‘.‘,“‘ (“‘}“‘,'.'. ,’"",_ “’:"‘) ‘I'“‘ ‘‘ in the Gulf of St Lawrence. about -lllfliiiilcs q:."’t'l' “'10 fa pouin “l‘”‘a": l’ ‘"'e‘ m‘ “"3 l““" below Quebec, has excellent liarbours, and u iopinonitl rim“ “'8. mum . _ , A l)ur_\ce o, l'orsyth Scale. of 40,000 lbs. is passed every year by the thoiisands of\cs- en “en W‘ 8 mm‘ tn ‘ d d pk u V_ H sels trndin-.1 to and from Canada. The rcsoiir- n _l‘S _-ll‘ i" f. J t““ j a" _'. ° _ _’.°, "54 "' cos nrc—a warm and fertile soil. resting on uttcotitiiti .t::”‘:_ "1"" °‘(i"“’_’ ’.‘,'''.’:'t’''l'' '" limestone : abundance of wood ; and inexhausti. ‘bands win": the bus‘ ::"”'c “‘ "‘r"_‘:';l” " ""1 M” “Shari” in we “rounding seas‘ iiiiriier to illlt)lll(‘l'Un(llltr“Err(kiifilxliilll(’;"l‘llll:‘l(l ‘l-""“"l§‘”“°“i5 l""° ‘"30" ‘““d° rm‘ ﬂ““l‘i"g Plalforiii Scales was then tcslcid with United G|'°9““'l°l' ill“ "37 l°l“K""l‘l' ‘° C""l"““"3 States standard wci--lits, and altlioiigli it had 0"“? ll W°°kv 9° “ll” ‘“°"°l‘“"l‘°_“Pt“l"8 in NH“ i been in constant use for six months, it exhibit- port may be able to regulate their chronomcters] cg ,,,,,.,.,.i,,g ,,,.,.,,,.M.y. -“,0 iculud “ﬁgms ¢'°"“"’tl3"’““°”‘°" °x“''!Pl° 0'. ”]° b°“°m5§\\’ere then placed on a i-iinilar scale nianiitac- which coiniiicrco may derive from science; :iiid ‘; m,.,.d hy nu,.y‘.,, and 1.v0,.s).,_h, but the “sun this partit-iilar science is so ll§0f.ul',‘lll:|t l|.'l'llit- “.m, (M. from ,,,,,-ml-:,,,,(,,._,.'_ Ono (.,,,.m,,. ‘mm “W15 “'1” ‘“"‘_‘l '!‘°“"lf’lV“"_"l ll-_ , {"0 R'‘_5“‘3“5, half a pound too light. the centre half a pound “ml “"19 fol‘ '9» ""‘l‘“° 0‘ l'°5“l”‘°*"- '1'” “" too heavy. and another corner two pounds too ,tronomcr the Pulkowa Observatory, near St he,“.y_n__B0,,,,,, Du,-/y JOWMI. P.-tershurg, writing to our astronoincr-royal; it'll“. |l|0 ‘ Wf" ll“ l“'°"‘l“°d 8"'lV““l° ‘?l°l§"“'i In the absence of late and more authentic p'Iy In 11 Nlpld |1Ilml19|'»' Ml} 3 All ""3 '30‘ we, we publish the following telegram from , nient we have already inRussia about 6000 miles the St John c,,u,;,.,' dmed ;_ or even more, ofgalvanic wires, and are on one: 1,,,_,,._,x' F,,b,.,m,, 22¢ side through Warsaw and C3-acow. on the other» sgmmgg ,{:};,m_ f,-,,.,, u,,".° fa, New y,,,.k, EH9 ll“'°“iKh K°“lS°b°''l§v "‘ °°““°°l""' ‘}’"h‘put in here, short ofcoal, at six this evening- lh° r°"°lll“ “"953 bu‘ lo ""‘l‘° “'° °r ”‘“° 13"", lnid very rough wcathcr—broiight Paris and for scionllﬁo Purpose! Will lHU‘dl.V l’° l’01'9'bl° llavrc dates to 5th inst., hnt no English papers before “I0 ¢l0S° Of “'0 “'l“'u r°"_“l5 l“"‘~‘_""l fl“, and no news of the Steamer Pan" 4'. tll°lln°5 ‘"0 °°“ll“““"Y ““"d l‘’‘' °m°'“l dls‘ U iitcnts of Frencli papers unimportant. P‘“°l‘°-"- 0}“? °“° ',""_"l ll"°_l‘“3 '“_“"'°‘l "’l' ’l'be Prcsss publisln-s names of negotiators scientiﬁc 0l'J80l8- Tlllﬁ I8 ll"! “'10 Orm P‘-‘““"" about to assemble at Paris Conference. The

G ‘I

burg to Cronstadt, by which I have to transmit mm.‘ for F,-,,nc9_ \v,,],,,,.,.,ky and Bo," uenuy; regularly exact Pulkowa time to that port, for‘ p;ng|_m,]_ Ci,“-endon and Cowhly; ,,.n.;,,’ Pacha and

the purpose of regulating the rates of the cliro- nu“; and ﬂubue"; T,,,.k,.y' Mi ' Meheinet Djmil y; Sardinia, Duzeglio ,

nometers of our navy. . I Russia, Orlolf and Brunow

What follows, presents another kind ofinter- ,

est. The writer, Mr. 0. Struve, proceeds 2 ‘ It, It is still current at Paris, that Prussia will is really remarkable, that the war, until now, not be rmitted to participate. Prince Gorts- has not exercised the least inﬂuence on the pro- chako . when signing the protocol at Vienna, gress of any scientiﬁc pursuit for which the formally iicccpting_Aiistri:in prppositions,de- support of government is wanted. n the con- mand_ed. that russiu should be invited to take may, the energy elicited by the state ot war in‘ part Ill the Oonfcrences. Count Buol sup rt- one rincipsl direction, has given rise also to :1. ed the demand, but M. Bui-_guena and rd dove opment ofcncrgy in many other respects. ‘ b_oyiuour had asked to refer it to t cir respec- 'l‘his will be proved, in pzirt, by a_ short enunier- , tivu govcrnniems._ 'lhe acceptance, by Russia, ation of the principal gee raphical undertnk-yof pc_:ice propositions, had caused the greatest ings, in the arrangement of direction. i_if wlpoh a~<tonislinn..: in "iir ey.‘ On the 19th, it had we had to take part this year [l3€M]. hrst notyet reached the allied generals, owing to started from here a numerous party, unldcr the LlI0k8lll)lllal'lll0 cable in tho lllack Sea being direction of Mr. Schwarz, for the up orationi ro 'cn. of Eastern Siberia; another party was sciit to Sziulﬁ distni-b:im-cs had been created by the the steppes of the Kirglois; a third. under the 1l.i«l.i lhisouks at Shiimla. P11’-Onﬂl direction of Dollcii, lmd to_lix tho cxiu-t_ it v.'ns reported that a serious niilitary con. g¢ogr,ipl|ic.nl positions of a large nuinbci'_ oi spiincyzit .\l_aitlrid_, with r.uinilic.i.tions througli points situated in or near the Uni Moiiiitains, the North ol Spain had been discovcrcd--p-.ir- to form a base for the construction ofan exact lik'||l.ll'ﬂ not rivon

°“° for weaving button-holes, or holes of any

ofthe vast districts of mines ‘ . hssis‘; a‘ fourth expedition, provided with forty chronoinetors, has to join. and then this lat- ter town with Astrakhan; and, finally, the great trigonouietrical operations iii the south-

pravinces are carried on without the least in-

THII Curr-ox AND BULWII Tau . graphic letter from Washingpon,!i!ﬁA 3,‘; the receipt in the cit of the to egrap '

of the English news y the mail steamer,

do, in allusion to the reported an i-y’ words of ‘Lord Clarendon ,und_h1r. Buchana‘n, says,-, that there has bsenno im ortant corres pldenee between the _two Governuieiits, since, tho;dato of the President’: message, f‘wliicb would provoke any extreme opinions or .acti ns." It ‘says also, that no formal proposition has been _uiado b L_ord Chii-en on to re r’ the question of the inter retation of the entral .-tiuerican tree to t ‘e arbitration of a third power; _but that Lord Clarendc ',rnade the proposition aboutaycar ago, ins. ‘ ' ' and that Mr. Buchanan replied, t only one potentate whoin the United States would accept a_s an arbitrator, and that was the l‘4|llp0I'()T I\n.-liolas of Russia, with whom Great Britain was at war. The author of, tho despaich intimates, that Lord Clarendonniuay have renewed the ollisr. Lord Clarendon stated expressly in his speech in Parliament, that the proposition had ecn renewed, and that he hoped the Government of the United States would agree to it.

It must be unfortunate for the United States, ifaniong more than a dozen foreign govern- llll-‘"18.fr0ui whom we receive Ministers ofa rank above that of Charge d‘ lllliiircs, and to whom we send Ministers of equal rank in re- tiirii, there is but one which we can trust to decide a question of this nature-, and that one happens to be at war with Great Britain, It lS|lIUl‘t'0Ve_r a poor compliment to the other powers, with whom we are on terms of aiuity, to in.-ken tleclitrﬂilon ofso extraordinary a want oflconlidcnce in them.

l'hc qiicstion_ at issue between the two- gn-vcrn'mcnt's, being simply one of the true con- srfuction ot the language of a treaty drawn up \\ ith great care to avoid misconstruction, woiild seem to be one, compared with all others, must proper to be decided in this way, and it is to be hoped, that if the proposition should he declined when made a second time.'it will be for some better reason than that there is no foreign govcrnincnt in which the United States can cunlidc for the equitable performance of 0 simple 1). service as that ofdetcrniining t a true iiicaningofii carefully wiittcii document.- ngrcvd to and signed by the accredited agents ol’ the tivo parties, and ratified by their res oc-

tivc go\criiinents.—Bus. Dal/y Adv. Feb. 2 .

____,,__._

lsmic, my dear son," said Mrs. Part- ing_-ion “ lie-iii;_;’s you have good lariiiii’ and know all about the course of human t:\'(.'lIls, can't you urll me if Scvnster Pool, about whom the papers talk soniucli now- :i-da_vs, is any relation to Bill Pool, who was killcil in New York. ”

“ I'll be with you in a crack,” es the iillc-ball said to the tragct.

bl/use LAW IN Ni:w Yonit.

A recent number of the New York Tribune -_-ives the following obscvvaiiunsoo the working of the Proliibitory Liquor Law in thetstste :—

l'hc l‘rn~r.ds of pr0lIll)l'imI, who are a large ni-joiily of the people out of our Stile having any «I ri-led opinion on the sul-jcci, not only ulhol ih-2 essential principles of the present Act. but //up mum In slam! lay this Law, until ils provisions are ecu‘;/iv/acre enforced an respettrd. Whoever says or insinuates ihe contrary is a uilful falsiﬁa- The atlVlic:il8.'i of pinhibiiion have confidence in built the people sad the counts, and are certain Hfllllllllula triair.ph. lfihe courts should knock it owner olfour present law, they will restore or replace it to the lost of Ilieir ability. always with aleleience to judicial authority. Ifthe rumsellers should buy a legislature, we shall rally and carry its successor, able and eager to undo all the mis- vhicfit has wrought. But we do not fear the chmce, a ram lcg:is'nture or an outlay of |00,000 vollais, which is all llllt the lrqoor interest have been able to raise for this fall's cenvsss.

As to the enforcement of the law, there is no demur or besilniion among its friends. thirds of the state, it is iliis day rfect. residue, it has been tmporiirily defeated by a conspiracy of inayors, recorders, judges, and others to irample it under fuoi. his is inevitably a transient evil. 'l'he decision of. the our! of Appeals on the lsw-points raised under it, and the choice of a new legislature to uphold sad strengthen it, wili sweep away Ilie last hiding- places of the desolsling irfilc. We are already freed from the curse of licensed rum-selling ; a few months more will place as in it position to stop the unlicensed as well. Patient snd perseve-

.ing effort wizl soon secure the end of our life-lung

struggle. The Rev. ll. W. Be'eher. :i‘.luilino tn dillicullics |‘X[)€l'lPIIf?t-(l in Pxcriitiiig the law, in the city of aw ork, concludes by ob.-trving:—“\\’hal shall be done! The lrimids of 'l'ciiipvrai:cu have I’ plum wink before them. Iiv pziiii-iiro and persev- rzinrr, cvcrled lllltlllﬂll years and a\_-niirsl urrzit

lpaiieace, they most secure the NW

' Not a particle ol‘ any kindiof English news. *1‘"-‘“_5_°|' °“l"‘°-

opposition, they Ininnpln-il and obtain:-d :i paid aw. Now, by the i-nnie iliiigu-iiru MI-l the some men to exc- cuterllie law. This will be dmgvt lt is onlyl DP