“as-7‘ r;*~...-W It, A :4‘:

=.-THE GUARDIAN

“Coven Prince Edward Island Lille the new”

Published every week-day morning Street. Charlottetown. P. E. Company Limited.

Editor and Manager. Ian A.

136

Burnett.

Associate Editor. Frank walker.

Branch offices Alberton. the Post Office Department. Ottawa.

II.

By Carrier: Charlottetown. Summcrside 815.00 peri . $9.00. Other Prov-

anmim. Elsewhere in P. E. I mess and U. S. A. $12.00 per annum.

Summerside. Montague Authorized as Second Class

Mall

Prince

1.. by The Thomson

and by

"The strongest memory lfivenker than

the weakest Ink."

The Tragedy of Fra

M8

The fall of Premier Laniei‘s govern- ment and the acknowledged failure of the Geneva conference have been foregone con- clusions ever since the fortress of Dien Bien

Phu fell to the communists.

In i etrospect,

it almost appears as if the Soviet Union had timed the conference to coincide with the Red assault on Dien Bien Phu in order

to place the western

democracies

still

further on the defensive and to create polit-

ical chaos in France.

On balance. it is clear that the Soviet Union and its allies have won both a diplo-

matic and a strategic victoi'y.

The fall of ‘

the Laniel regime in France places pros- pects for a European Defence Community including Western Germany in grave jeop- in France, and the will to continue a losing war in Southeast Asia without the active partici- pation of the United States and the United Kingdom has flagged The tragedy 0f,a system of code enforcement which simply

France is the tragedy of the free world.

ardy. Disillusionment is rife

Thoughtful Canadians will sense in the-

atmosphere of international politics today much that is reminiscent of the summer of 1939. Then. as now, the shadow of violence and aggression hung over much of world. Then, as now, unity of purpose was lacking among the defenders of freedom. Then, as now, there were those who still cherished the hope of peace by negotiation. Then, as now. negotiation failed in the face

of totalitarian strength.

the

Disillusionment, however, need not nec- essarily lead once again to Armageddon. Diplomacy, backed by arms. can still save

the peace of the world. Anglo-Franco-American

front,

The ideal of an militarily

capable of ensuring security in event of the

failure of negotiation. is still pensable ingredient of western

the policy.

Delinquent Parent

indis-

of Ottawa recently invited the Baltimore housing staff to explain their methods to local citizens, Winnipeg established a Hous- ing Commission for this purpose in 1949 and the Vancouver Housing Association has been making similar proposals. So there is evidently a need to consolidate and ex- change our Canadian views and experi- ences in this important sector of housing policy. ‘

Though the expression “urban renewal” in the American legislation includes the practice of code enforcement, the term also points up the ultimate purpose of “renew- ing” rather than simply “maintaining” or rehabilitating old housing. There is a good deal of evidence that a repaired and re- habilitated slum area still remains a slum.

-and that this simply postpones the neces-

sary process of redevelopment and rebuild- ing. The evidence‘ also seems to show that the reconstruction and conversion of slum

buildings to an extent that would permaii- _

of the American

ently raise them above the level slums is an expensive process.

experience seems to show that it is usually , .

cheaper in the end to scrap and replace rather than put good money into bad hotises. Houses of solid masonry construc- tion such as the typical row-housing of

Baltimore and the 19th century “bylaw” 4'

housing of English industrial cities may lend themselves to reconstruction. but what of the frame-houses typical of slum areas in

our Maritime cities? Obviously there must

be some careful judgment in embarking on

patches up and substantiates a low-stand- ard of housing.

Measures of conservation seem to be most usefully applicable to residential areas which contain buildings of sound construc- tion that are threatened with deteriora- tion. In every Canadian city there is an area of fine old houses of the Victorian and Edwardian era left behind by the first tide of urban expansion and now threaten- ed by the later surge of commercial growth and the b'ight of central traffic. Many of them are converted to lodging houses and apartments and they have become the principal source of accommodation for old people. In many cases these areas are near to a University campus, a fine park or a group of institutional buildings which give them a key place in a city plan. Zoning and traffic control can protect such areas and a positive conservation policy could attract new investment to conveitthe resi- dences to a new and important function in

A growing trend to jail or fine parents-

for the delinquent

been criticized in a United States children's 1'9"

bureau report entitled “Parents and Delln-I quency". It summarizes a discussion among psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists and social workers. The report says that, “Put- ting an absolute liability on parents for the

' delinquency of their children would be un-

fair and ineffectual and might even make

matters worse."

The problem is an ancient one. There can be no evading the fact that the con- duct of children reflects credit or otherwise on their parents but the Common Law, at

‘ any rate, has always avoided placing vicar-

ious responsibility on parents. Unlike wild

not possessed "at peril.”

. animals or dangerous substances they are Rather they are

treated as responsible beings from an early 389. 811h0Ugh the degree 05 responsibilityithe assumption, however, is anything but

children of their age.

‘_ is measured by what can be expected of

It is, indeed, a reasonable attitude.

man need not keep a fcrocio

cannot, however, in our society readily geti

us dog.

the city's housing stock. This kind of coli-

acts of their Children has‘servation. however, does not provide low-

tal housing but a type of accommodation more suitable for middle-income and high- income single people and couples.

,.._

EDITORIAL NOTES

Among the projects being investigated by the newly reorganized Charlottetown Retail Merchants Association. is the estab- lishment of ,a Shoppers’ Parking Area for the convenience of the patrons.

O I U

Every target city in the present con- tinent-ivide Operation Alert is presumed to be “substantially destroyed", an assump- tion that gives civil defence authorities a thorough work out. The implication of

encouraging.

O O 0

Space micc. sand-flea cggs and the Ho’

H9 bomb are not guilty of pock-marking wind-

rid of an anti-social child. Parents may fail to curb or cure bad behaviour. It. will uii-wesfigation ,.e,,,_,a]s Vmuauy all damage to

i

but it is not reasonable that it should also‘ bring penalties of the criminal law.

Failure to provide proper home condi- lions may result in society taking the chil-

- dren out of the parents‘ care but that would

seem to be going far enough in dealing with- what is usually ineptitude rather than mal-

ice.

Tlio Housing om

Perhaps it ‘is just an accident of history that the “Baltimore Plan" for code enforce- ment was originally inspired by the example

of the City of Toronto's bylaw 14466 of 1936, says the newsletter of the Community

Planning Association of Canada.

vlded municipal loans for

a depression. The bylaw was applied par-1 tlculu-ly in them-en which is

This pro-

rehabilitating houses in conformity with a standard re- quired by the city architect's department. It helped to patch up a depressed area in

HOW

the ,

shields. two University of Washington scien- tists have determined. An extensive in-

I d°Ubi'e"“-V bring 5°"r°“’ "W" the” head-The of the “impact.” i.VDc. Caused by a hard

object striking the glass with sufficient force to chip, pit or crack it. "The explana- tion seems to be “normal road damage" noticed only when a great many people be- gan examining their windshields at tho same time. I O Wat 'l‘ylcr (Wat the flier), leader of the men of Kent in the rebellion of 1381. \vas killed by the mayor of London this date in that year. Richard II had succeed- ed to a disturbed kingdom. Edward III had permitted powerful subjects to arise. The Black Death had caused a severe'scar- city of labour and the most severe laws could no longer bind serfs to the soil. Re- leasing a priest John Ball from prison on the way, the rebels had marched on Lon- don but were met and defeated by the king.

Industry and commerce: constitutional and social questions; international pay-

scene of the Regent Park low-rental hous-‘menu; and economic development of the im project. Baltimore borrowed the idea and in recent years has applied it vigor- omly on I block-by-block basis. using 1 special I-lotflnc Court to enforce its code Commerce of the British Empire now meet-

/.

‘officer to direct the process

a

Commonwealth and Empire are some of the topics being raised at the 18th con-

i

,, inlnberofceaulian cities! avenue in me has come higher standard of living for all is for gov-

- hunlmoumn.” The ernrnents to adopt a "hands off" policy and ha blen ndvocat.- leave trade, as far as

:*‘h§NfiofMNlvordprlvatstreden.

grass of the Federation of Chambers of

in in Montreal. Not for a long time has there been such a gathering of experts whou-econvinced thetthewaytowartha

P0sn'Able.intl_1ebnnds ' L

P A

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Our A Picture

NOTES BY

Three trucks raced in a blue in a fireman‘s house. At. times one can overdo this business of taking work home. -1-lamilton specta- tor.

A "scale" so dellcelc that it can gauge weights in the range of 1- l00.000!h of an ordinary ink alg- nature has been devised by physi- cists. —Hamiltcn Spectator.

A new high in toughness was reached by s Hamburg night. club which warned guests not to park in front of the entrance; their cars might. be dented by customers

being thrown out. -1-tamilton Spectator. The British atomic industry

will begin commercial production of electricity in 18 months’ time. The cost of current is expected to be lower than in thermal stations but not. of course, cheaper than in hydro-electric plants. —Ham- llton Spectator.

Our conservation officers have found best way to effect. a porcu- pinefa capture in to wait until he's in the open. then watching for that slapping tail rush in and pop a large washtub over him. Then you have something t. nsit nn whilst you figure out. the next. move. This usually consists of iiiniioeuvring hoards iindcrncath the tub. Then the whole business. porkv and all. is reversed and carried to .1 travel- ling crate lnlo whlr.h porky ‘is poured. —-Oiuano Lrmds and Forests Bulletin.

Soybeans have lierome n vcry valuable part of tho agizr-tiltursl economy of Soiit.hwcstei'n Ontario. The climate and soil no suitable for this crop. There have hccii iznnri yields and good prices. Th-~ potential hasn't. yet. been achieved,| however. It is ESillI‘.‘liCfi only hall Canada's needs for this versatile product are be iig met by domrstlc production. And at the sonic timc some good export markets arr available. The area in which soy- beans cm be profitably gl‘O‘.\'ll ill Canada constantly is enlarging. There is no good reason why more land i-niinot be given to this crop. The uses to which snybcaus can be put. are vnr'.r~d and wide. and it. will be of ndvaiitagc in hni-r illl"..‘i(‘i met. out of our own soil. -A\Vllld§nl': Star.

When Ihe 5iilh niiiiiversnry of the St. Louis World's Fair rolls around the month it will bring with’it the 50th niin-.vcrs.i'y of a number of tli‘i1:s that i-amr- out of‘ the fair. not the if. -i, of ix-hiiii is

5//L? .,.££_:~( Woefi Qmee i

(ION!-I I

Al airy and silent as leaves from I tree,

I sped o'er the dew-covered grass

A loose shawl or moonlight. sup- pressing the ion

Shook never in letting me pass.

A tree‘: twisted roots didn't bother to hide.

A cfweb neither wavered nor broke;

And down at. the pond where thi-

- waters had died.

Not even a ripple awoke.

0. light was my step and so gay was my heart,

when wading through lily and read.

I thought of a moment. and woke with n start

To ihouyhu that were moving in- deed!

Again in the waters of silver and black

I used for I soft. bending head:

But not in that [lens was I face looking back.

And then. then I knew I was dead!

-Denny Mcoarron. Monilcue.-P. E. I.

The Age Old Story

THE WAY

that great. American institution. the ice cream cone. Look what’: happened since. Every year Amer- ican people alone consume roughly two and a half billion cones which. if laid end to end. would reach a mighty long way. —st.. Louis Post - Dispatch.

During I953. Canadians spent more on travel outside -Canada than was spent. by foreigners in Canada. the Canadian Bank of Commerce reveals in its monthly Commercial Letter. ft. Wls the sec- ond year in succession that. there had been an adverse tourist bal- ance. During 1053, Canadians spent. $365,000,000 on travel, of which $302,000,000 was spent. in the Unit- ed States. American: in Canada spent. $282,000,000 during 1963. Al- though thue figures are not. happy from a trade point of view. they do prove once again that Canadians stand high among travellers of the world. -—Hamllton specta- tor.

American teachers Ira given to complaint. that they are expected to do almost everything beside teaching. Teachers in Soviet Rus- sia, it seems. are similarly afflict- ed. The Russian periodicals Ka- zakhstan Pravda and Tear-liar‘: Gazette recently complained of the extra chores loaded upon Red leach:-rs. Complaints were directed in particular at: Excessive num- ber of community meetings teach- Cl‘! are required to attend. “Bur- t*.aLIcl‘.'\Lit‘." office woi'k and reports. Community and party wr-lfare work outside school duties. Government. tasks iinr:-latcd in school work. such nrdistributiiig tax notices and drawing up factory inventories. Assiiziinients to make frequent nnlitiml and propaganda speeches rii behalf of the Communist re-

cime. —Milwaukee Journal. C ' OSmiC S I ' pecu ation (Scientific American) Dr. George Gnmow, a leading cosinogonist, who has lately re-

ttirnrrl from a mathematical jun- kct into cosmic 'hislory, describes Illf‘ moment of creation as a blind- .n: flash followed by a swirl of }‘lCll\. Ylcm is the name Dr. (iuiiiow borrows from Aristotle to designate those primordial bits

of matter — electrons. protons. neutrons -— from which the chemical clcmcnts. as we know them. congcalcd.

Within liali an Iimii‘. nccoi'd- ‘rig to Di’. Gamnw. the process

wf conversion hiiri gobbled up all he ylem and. chamically speak- ing. the universe has been a pretty lull place-‘over since.

"Accnrdi'n'.z to our calculations." -':i,v.s DI‘. Gamoi-3. "whcn the uni- \'(‘l'$e was five minutes old its temperature was a billion degrees. At one day it had dropped to 40 million degrees. I temperature comparable with the interior of an atomic bomb." This, he ex- plains. ended the exciting part of the show. “By the end of the first 300.000 years. thinn had cooled off to a mere H.000 degrees. about as warm vi: the surface of the

IUD.

“ii is natural." he states. "to conclude that the chemical ele- ments were formed in the rela- tive ‘undnncel that we know dun-ln| the first few minutes of evolution. We believe the time of formation must have been very short. for the reasons that the free neutrons in the original ylem would have decayed very rapidly and that the temperature wick- ly dropped below the level at which nuclear reaction: could take place."

According to Dr. Cvnmow. the theory that our universe was born in an immense exploel the "big bang" hypothesis of creation — appears to be in; support from ‘ obu dons. Photographs made by the

telescopic continue

creme compressed win of matter and radiation mun-unv nlsea. the question: How did it net lniofliat state and what made it expand? Our formulae tell In

Old Charlottetown ,9

and P. I. 1. DAIRY IMPLEMENT!

From an advertisement inserted by R. K_ Brace, Charlottetown, in The Presbyterian, July 24. 1881: "I have. at I. tremendous ox- pense. secured a complete outfit of scientific Dairy Implements which have been recommended and spoken highly of by professors of dairy colleges, both in the United states and Canada I will give a guarantee of five hundred dollars that. if used by the farmers of this Island, that. in three years‘ time the extra profit to them of one year's trade with Newfoundland, United states and other countries, will pay for every Creamer twice over that will be sold for the five years they will then have been in use.

“They consist of a Double Birdin- er Milking Pull in which the milk is strained by a perforated tin saucer, and then through a linen cloth; the cover of the pull fits tightly, keeping out all bad odors from the stable, etc. Then we have the Celebrated Champion Creamer in which the milk is first heated by hot. water. then cooled with cold watcr...Next comes Caseyls Improved Rotary Churn wluch is a simple revolving be: or barrel with patent air escape pipe. The butter is washed in the churn before gathering, and with it you will avoid having two colors in is tub of butter. . Farmers have_ no doubt seen the importance of I univer- sal improvement in our butter so that it can be sent away at. a pro- fit. in place of A loss. Let. the watchword be. Improve the butter, the price is sure to go up."

exceeding the force of gravity be- tween them. Putting these for- mulas into reverse for a review of the period before the universe reached the stage of maximum contraction. we find that it must then have been collapsing with just as great speed as it is now expanding! 0 0

‘.‘We must conclude that our universe has existed for an eternity of time, that until about five billion years ago it was col- lapsing uniformly from a state nf lnfinit rarefaction; that five bil- linn ears ago it arrived It a state of maximum compression and that it is now on the re- bound. dispersing irreversibly to- ward in state of infinite rare- faction."

Calculailons based on the ob- served sper-d with which the uni- vcrse is flying apart enabled scientists to fix the date of crea- tion at approximately five billion ‘B. C.. n fizuri-. says Dr. Gamow. "that is in perfect agreement

with geological and nstro-physical estimates."

Tailoring and ' Alterations

RITE - WAY

llofrlgmtloii

SALE! 0 SERVICE Repair! To All Makes

Iiofolls ’

' Rewinding and llcpall-I ILIOIIIOAL APPLIANCE!

Repairs ulnar Electric

Phenuellllllld

first that various parts of the

auflvinlapertvrlthucncev

Thcflunrdlan

THE FACT

A little news item. tucked away among chronicled of big events. uyI.that e Cambridge University group recently defeated the mo- tion, “The British Empire is de- cllnln[—let it fall". by a margin of four votes. 51-4‘! was the offl- clal tally. There in nothing es- peclally novel in the subject it- self: that sort of thing in trotted out periodically in British Unl- verslty circles; in times of crisis it II a common putlme. Nor is there anything very disturbing in the small negative vote; indeed, the significant thing in that the motion was defeated at all. The fact that ,lt was defeated would almost seem to indicate that a major war II not imminent.

Just why it should be so has never been worked out, but the fact in that whenever danger )f war has appeared certain a wave or non-confidence in their na- tional heritage bu swept over large segment: of the British and French populations. It is a matter of record that just before the First Great War broke out organized bodies of workers and student organizations of various kinds expressed pacifist deter- minatlans.