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ISLAND, MONDAY, AUGUST 22, 1859:

————

No. 7.

Poetry.

EVENTIDE.

Who loves not eventide— When great Hyperian, his long journey o’er, ‘Treads down the ocean wide, Pours rich libations on the cloudy floor From that gold chalice of Olympian wine, Which long ago he lent to Herakles divine?

oer rere

A murmurous even-song Sings the brown throstle ere he seeks his nest ; A carol loud and long tters the merry merle; the stained west er vaults bright seas which, ere the world grow dim, sring to the listening shore a mighty vesper hymn.

> i\neels down the weary child— ‘Veary of wild sport in the sammer 1ir— lts red lips, undefiled, isp forth the sweet and simple words of prayer : ‘lappy the dreams which hover o'er the rest Of those young lambs who lie on Jesus’ loving breast.

Then comes the mystic night, Whose brow sublime is dinted by no scars— W hose curonal of might is th’ everlasting splendour of the stars : ‘Their loyal march may no cessation know, But ever in silent joy their glories come and go. Dudlin University Magazine.

Gleanings from late Papers. INCIDENTS OF THE ITALIAN WAR.

THE NEWS OF PEACE IN PIRDMONT.

~—

[Correspondence of the London Duily Times.)

Priepmoytese Heap Quarters, Monzampano, Juty 8, 1859.—As you-may easily imagine the news of what people here call the preliminaries of peace has been received with great astonisoment, bot: by the Piedmontese army and the people of Lombardy. Nobody would have thought that Napoleon could give up the idea of thoroughly humiliating a Power which has always shown the greatest contempt for his parveou origin, and for his dynasty. Beside this, the Italians, who are such adepts in the art of self torturing, are already busily engaged in foretelling all sorts of ills ; ani their restless imaginations tell that both the interests of their chosen King and of Italy will be sacrificed by the European Courts in a Congress. If we are to believe our coffec-house politicians, the Venetian proviaces will be handed ovec to an Austrian archduke, who will shortly prove to be nothing better than a second edition of Leopold of Tuscany.

Others say the priesthood will govern, as it did before, the Romagna; others, that Florence will! be compelled to take back their unworthy princes, with the sham sful train of mig- mam aud spies. 1 do not know how far these rumors may be relied upon ; but what is certain Is, thet a compromise of cuch a nature would not answer the object of the war that Piedmont and France have so nobly and so triamphantly

initiated. Muropean diplomatists may thnk what they like, but in my opinion it is impossible to set [taly at rest if the Venetians are not called to partake of the liberties which

have been already granted to their brethren of Lombardy. fo have an Austrian Prince in Venice, although surrounded by a national army and advised by a National Government, 3 be the same as having Viennese influence in full work. It would be the renewal of the present contest before two or three years can elapse. With the bad example that, since 1815, Austria has given in Tuscany, Parma, Modena, and Rone, it would be madness to have faith in her. She must yield once and for ever, and submit to her fate for the sake of European peace. Let, therefore, the Liberal party in Hoagland, let the Emperor of the French understand this great necessity, if they wish to prevent for the future the dreadful consequences of a second and more ravaging war. This morning, as I was going to visit some Piedmontese officers at Solionze, I met General Rocea, the chief of the Sardinian staff, who was on his way to Vallegio. On my reaching Sulionze, I heard that his Excellency had been sent to the French head quarters, with the object of defini- tively settling the conditions of the armistice. Victor Km- manuel, I have been told, has po anxiety about the result of the impending negotiations, and he was heard to say that in of the armistice the [talians will not be losers in the

wou d

fhe general impression bas been one of painful surprise, oi they draw from the event a melancholy presage. No ope exveeted it, not even Count Cavour, who set out im- wiediately for the headquarters of the King, where he still is. it is generally believed that the interview between the two Emperors would not have been fixed if some kind of agreemeut about the principal conditions of a peace had not been previously made. Some, indeed, profess to — a9 Napoleon hi ae only a few days ago entertained no idea fa trace or pacific negotiations. : What L 4. able to Soe positively to you is, that he had ordered most stringent orders for the dispatch of large reinforcements to Ltaly, and in fact between the battle : Solferino and this day, the troops landing at Penova we those arriving from Susa cannot be less than sixty ae strong, not to speak of material, enormous cay ot which arrive almost hourly. A person who has some - - ings at the l'rench Embassy here heard it stated that when Napoleon saw the imminence of a combined perenes on the part of Russia, Prussia, aud England, he thoug ‘ it better to forestall it, and come himself * direct — er- standing with the Emperor of Austria. ; has ever “ affirmed, by men of high station, that Count a ome decried now at the French headquarters, where his poliey is censured as savoring too much of ambitious projects. have sorely displeased

: i 1e of the false position these put the Emperor, in consequence ate “plc te

‘m in toward the Freneh clerical i novave onaeel Solel suing to good effect about the Empress ane aos religious zeal borders rather closely on Spanis

fanaticism. iit tetas

Prom the London Morning Post. ae

F far as its provisions have reac Kerra ah sorta wie eahapalantel to Fpcliement

i jonality of Italy, guarantecd,

b John Russell, is the nationality of 1 a ae “variety of local government, in 2 ae of the Italian States. The Pope is to be the nominal or honorary head of this confederation ; be is to be — —< in possession of the digoity necessgsily attaching to his ote

brother.

ized | burst upon the Turin public wit

in a country where the Catholic religion prevails, but he is to be shorn virtually of that temporal supremacy. in Italy which he has always hitherto aspired to wield. Here, then; we have at once the germ of a secularized confederation, still acknowledging, with discreet deference to the national religion of Italy, the honor that is due to the head of the Catholic Church. The Pope, in a word,.isdeprived of the substance, but he isto keep: the shadow. The Emperor of Austria cedes the kingdom of Lombardy forever, not to the King of Sardinia, but to the Emperor of the French ; and the Km- peror of the French makes over his conquest to the King of Sardinia. Lombardy and Sardinia become therefore hence- forth one State. Thus we arrive at once at another of the cardinal points of renovated Italy. In order to secure the Confederation by the constitution of one master throne in the North of Italy, a single State, with a population of eight millions is created. That State, too, is just the State which is the archetype of the whole future of Italian domestic government. The Engporor os Austria, ceding the Kingdom of Lombardy, retains that of Venice ; or, rather, he receives a new kingdom of small extent, in place of a large kingdom ; for he is to hold his rights as King of Venetia, solely as au integral member of the confederation of Italy. He is to be no more an Austrian sovereign in Italy than George LY, or William LV. was felt in Hanover to he an Fagiish, and not a German, soverei¢n. ‘There will, no doubt, be a distinct administration, a distinct code of laws, and a distinct army. The King of Venetia, though he will also possess the crown of Austria, will assume his rights as it were (speaking from an Englishman’s vocabulary), on a parliamentary title. Le will be—he must be—essentially an Italian ; he will rule less than three millions of Italians ; and he will be controlled by a confederation ruling not Jess than twenty-six millions. Finally, the two Emperors have agreed to demand reforms at the hands of the Pope. To add to this, a general amnesty js proclaimed. We anticipate that there will be now no Congress ;. the few details remaining to be arranged are surely unworthy of its assembling. It remains to g!ance at what France has done, and to see how we are to judge of France in the future. She has effected all this within three months !° her spirit és buoyant. All this has cost her but the momentary nerving of an arm, Yet she has gained no territory for herself. She made sacrifices in war; and if men doubted her sincerity then, they now see that she practices self-denial in peace. ‘T'wice only-has Napoleon ITT. drawn the sword. He drew it in 1854 to protect Turkey from: Russia, avd he dtow it again Jast spring'to nationalize and reform Italy. There has been:no war waged, therefore, ‘by. France under Napoleon ILL, but where there has been a substantial ground for its adoption. We have, then, every reason to be confident that France will never of her own accord disturb the peace of tho world. She now relapses into peace, to attend’ the manifold interests of her domestic government, and to watch the developement of the new con- federated Government which she has secured for Italy. 0 — THE INTERVIEW AT VILLAFRANCA.

From the Manciiester Examiner. We must not imagine that the Emperor Napoleon experi-

enced any elation when he shook hands with Francis Joseph.

[t must not be supposed that the slightest feeling of exulta- tion kindled in his eyes as he looked-upcn his discomfited IIe did not wish to say: “ Here you see the man who has done it all! I am master of those legions. e- member the disdain with which you'treated: me io 1852, and for the future, my good young man, learn to take a more correct guage of possibilities.” Oh no, the Gallic cock is a generous creature, and never crows. Twice, within a couple of years, it has been the good fortune of the Emperor to parody the famous interview of Tilsit; at Stuttgardt with the Czar, and now at Villafranca with, the Kmperor of Austria, Of course, there is but the slightest possible analogy between either of this modern pait of interviews and their prototype, though, if the analogy were stronger, it might occur to some over fanciful that, as the Poles were sold at the Nimen, the parallel would oaly be completed if the Italians and Huogarians were sold at Villafranca. In that ease Venetia, free and independent under an Austrian Archduke would correspond to the free city of Warsaw. © This armistice, about which everybody is talking, which has sent up the funds, enhanced the value’of all kinds of stock, and even made itself felt in the’ price of cotton and long cloths, is no doubt an excellent thing, and it would be utterly heartless to hope that it may have any other end than a treaty of peace. Still, while unfeignedly glad to clutch at any small advantage on behalf of humanity, while heartily willing to fling punctilios and parchments to the winds if we can only sec our way to durable tranquility for Europe, we cannot get rid of an uncasy impression that we might have had something better than an armistice. Yes, it is possible that a couple more battles, with a waste of life hat of Magenta or Solferino, might—laying the the thing aside, for which we are in no way re- sponsible—have been an event more favorable to the cause of peace, and more economic even of the material interests of the nations involved than an armistice, which seems to have been resolved upon either too late or too soon. We repeat, assuredly with infinite regret, that we cannot at resent discern in the state of affairs in Italy the materials out of which a permanent peace is likely to be made. Per- haps such a peace was possible before the Ticino was crossed, had the progress of a congress been accepted. _As far as one ean see, it would have been a mach easier thing to achieve if the Austrians had been driven out of their strongholds, and the whole of Northern and Central Italy been fit for a re-arrangement in accordance with the wishes of the Italians, re th “harmony with political requirements. It may be ossible even yet. We will not absolutely prejudge the esealia. We will not forget that we know next to nothing of the real motives of the two Emperors, or how far they may be prepared to harmonize their mutual demands and

concessions. But if a large portion of Northern Italy is

still to remain in some sort of connection with the House of

—if the four fortresses, which have again and again DE ed the key of Italy, and without the pe of which the King of mes has ees - oe : vast on ing

required to main depen = aa ae be established on the left ete Mincio, if these are to be retained, it is 1mpossi : # 3 upon any peace which may be patched up between the be. gerants as other than an armed truce.

—_—< on EXCITEMENT AND DEJECTION AT TURIN. cluded between the Emperors h startling effect. Exasperation o be read upon the countenances of all.

equal to t devilry of

The Treaty of Peace con

ond dejection are t

|The same is the case in Milan, and will undoubtedly ve su m/

a still greater degree in those Italian provinces which believe | that, by the terms Napoleon has agreed to, all their hopes are | sactificed. Doubts remain as to details, but there can be none! ag to the main points. The programme has not been adhered to; Austria hag not been driven out of Italy ; consequently nobody is satisfied. An utter stranger could hardly have passed | anheur in Turin without perceiving that the public was en- grossed and excited by a subject of great public interest and of ar unpleasant nature. And, if he understood the patois in which here nearly everybody converses, he would have per- ceived that there was but one topic of discussion and one object of denunciation. A friend, who has had a long experience of the Italian characier, said to me the other day in Milan that before six months were over, we should see the Emperor who has lately been extolled, adulated, and almost worshipped as the magnanimous liberator of Italy, abused as much as he was then being praised. A few days ago not a print-shop in the town but had its window full of his portraits, engravings, litho- graphs, end photographs without end, in every dress and atti- tude, Now not one is te be seen. The shopkeepers withdrew them Jest their windows should be broken. It ig said there! were instances of people spitting agains! the eases behind! which they were exposed. Whether iis be true or not, it is certain that i some winguws his portrait was shown side by Siue with that of Orsini. The police. put a stop to this.

POPULAR INDIGNATION IN TUSCANY.

The news of the canclusion of peace has excited immense agitation in Florence. It was so unexpected, so improbable, that people at first refused to believe it.. When it became im- possible to doubt, the emotion became general, and gave rise to some disorder. The officia! placard announcing the peace was torn down in mauy places. Fron every street and piazza the popu'ation povred forth, and some thousands Were soon gathered tovelher under the wali@of the Palazzo Vecchio, the official residence of the members of the Government. The utmost exasperation animated the whole assembly. The crowd

| was composed of hundreds of people, each listening with

violent gesticulations to its own orator. Presently a rush was made to the office of the Monitore. Ali the copies of the journal that remained undistributed were seized and burnt be- fore the Palazz> Vecchio. The greatest excitement continued to prevail throughout the evening. The Freneh banners that hung side by side with the tricolour of Sardinia in ali the cafes were torn down and trampled under foot. The next morning the Government publisted the following prociamation :—

_ **"Puseans,—Tue news of events which interrupt the most brilliant hopes, causes a general and profound grief. The Government shares your sentiments. We must not, however,

| give way to discouragement, and must be content te: wait for

more ainple detatl=. Under present circutustances, our task is to unite more closely than ever to show our firmness, and to prove that we are worthy to be citizens of a free aud indepen- dent country. As long as we remain thus fir.n aji our hopes will net be lost. Citizens deputed by us are about to proceed to Turin to learm-what is the real state of things. Meanwhile, remember that any ex'reme manifestation of your regrets wall only agert¥ate the perils of the-sitavtion. Let us al] join.in maintaining. order, which now more than ever is necessary for the salvation of our country. ‘T'o-morrow the ‘consulta’ will! meet. Jointly with it, the Government will make the voice of Pusceny heagd by Victor Emmanuel, in whom it bas the fullest confidence. ‘Tuscany will not, in spite of its will or ite rights, be replaced under either the yoke or the influence of Ausiria. The Commissary Extraordinary of King Victor Emmanuel. “* Fiarence, July 13, 1858” ‘ C. Buoncompaani,”’

TUSCANY AND MODENA,

The Goveriiment Consulta met on the 14h, and received communications from the Ministry. The Government and the ‘Consulta are unanimous in repe!iing by a!! means that greatest anjury to the common weal—a return to the sway and influence of Austria. Afier having listened to the curmmunications made bv the Government, the Consulta, convinced that the return of the fallen dynasty and every other combination contrary to the national feeling, wou!d be incompatible with the maintenance of order in Tuscany, and would sow the seed of fresh convu!- sions in Italy, is of opinion—-‘*1. That the Government should make the most pressing instances to the Emperor of the French, and should employ the same to the other Great Powers, that in settling the fate of this portion of Italy, regard should be had tothe free manifestation of- its legitimate wishes, 2. ‘Tha: those wishes may be legally manifested in proper’time by an assembly of representatives of the country, the electoral law of 1848 should be put in execution, and orders given for forming the electoral lists. Wemust address King Victor Emmanuel! that he will be pleased to maintain his P’roteciorate of ‘Tuscany after the conclusion of peace, and un‘il thé definitive organisa- tion of the country. Voted with unanimity at a meeting this day, July 14.”

The Monitore says that the words of the Emperor Napoleon [1I., in which he alludes to Princes “called back into their States,’ cannot be understoof to apply to violent restorations but only to nations spontaneously recalling their former Princes ; otherwise those words would be in contradiction with the pro- clamation of Milan, in which it is stated that the wishes of the populations are to be consulted ; they would, moreover, be in opposition to the principle applied tothe Danubian Principalities.

“The Opinione of Turin states that a protest is being signed in the Duchy of Modena against the separation of that country from Piedmont.

THE CONDITIONS OF PEACE.

The Constitutionnel contains the following paragraph :— ‘The interview between the two Emperors at Villafranca terminated by the presentation from the Emperor of Austria of a draft of a treaty, andby the Emperor Napoleon stating thet he did not think it right to accept it without consulting King Victor Emmanuel. Onthe Emperor Napoleon’s return to Valeggio, a conference took place between him and the King, and Prince Napoleon wes summoned to it. — It lasted to a late hour in the evening, and after it Prince Napoleon was clarged to make known to the Emperor of Austria that his propositions were accepted.”

SPERCH OF THE KING OF BAVARIA.

The Chambers were opened at Munich on Wednesday, and the following 18 a summary of tie iLoyal Speech :—‘ The King has assembled the deputies ata serious time, in order to re- establish (he means for the fulfilment of a Pederal duty (Mitte! zur Bundespfacht Erfullung herzustellen.) The state of poli- tical affairs requires ex'raordinary efforts, but the people do not fear any sacrifices for their and their country’s inierest. The conclusion of peace has jessened the want of money. In con- clusion a bill (projet de lot) was brought in, according to the requirements of the constitution, for the election of a Parlia- mentary Committee, required by the taw of 1848. The Bucget was also communicated to the Chambers. ‘he sitting closed with enthusiastic cheers,

BARDINIA AND TUE ITALIAN STATES,

The Turin Opinione, a journal considered to be the organ of Count Cavour, devotes a leading article to the Conference about to be held at Zurich. After admitting that the quesuion of the Duchies cannot be solved by France, Piedmont, and Austria alone, but must be subjected to the decision of an European Congress, it says:—* Other questions will probably arise in the Conference with regard to accessory points thet may have been omitted in the preliminaries. We do ‘hot know with what foundation some journals.talk of our being charged with a portion of the Austrian public debt, to (he amount of some two or three hundred millious of florins. ‘The prelimi-

therefore; upon the premises assumed, is inevitable.

naries de not containa word about the public debt, and this

| dering the place and neighbouriyg hamlets,

silence is sufficient to refute rumours relating to any new burden to be laid upon Piedmont, whereas it is the latter that should claim compensation for the damage caused by the Austrian invasion. Our Government must therefore refuse to accept any such burden. There is but one case in which the country might be justified in accepting a reasonable part of the debt of Lombardy, viz: if in return it obtained possession of the for- tresses of Peschieraand Mantua. This question of the for- tresses is highly important, for while Austria retains them she has a footing on our territory—she can invade it—and, as the preliminaries stand, we could only defend our territory under the walls of Alessandria, or else we should be obliged to keep a large ariny and erect new fortresses ata greatexpense. On this subject we are convinced that all the Powers of Europe will be of the opinion of our Government ; and none wil] con- sider our State sufficieatly guaragteed while Peschiera and Mantua remain inthe hands of Austria. The latter ‘must moreover bind herself to give up the Iron Crown. What right had she to take it away from Monza and convey it to Vienna ? The Iron Crown is the property of Lombardy, end not of the House of Hapsburg, and it should be restored at once without asking.”

aval

A letter from the Valteline, in the Nazione of Florence, states that on hearing of the preliminaries of peace, Garibaldi went to the Sardinian head quarters and offered his resignation, and that of all the officers of his corps But the King refused to accept them, and remarked to Garibaldi that, a3 a Piedmon- tese General, he had not the right to resiga.

APPROACHING CONFERENCE AT ZURICH,

A conference is to be held at Zerich. The Plenipotentiaries are’ M. Bourqueney for France, and Count Colloredo for Austria. The representative for Sardinia is not yet known. The Treaty of Peace isto be eigned, and the future of lialy eet led if, as: is proposed, the preliminaries of a Congress can be agreed to. The more the whole subject is considered the more difficult the settlement of it appears tobe. Inthe first place, it is wel! known that Austria is altogether averse from the eettlement of the Italian question by a Congress of the neutral Powers. Two are Protestant and the other is in communion with the Greek Church. There is therefore little chance that those objects which have usually been attained by concordats, and which now hang upon the neck of Italy 1 ke a millstone, wil! receive much sympathy. The proceedings of a Congress would in all pro- bability assume, in the eyes of Austria, too destructive a char- acter; and, forewarned by the fear of thie she is not umikely to persevere in her reluctance to see the affairs of [taly composed by such parties. The question next srises, if Ausiria obetina- tely refuses a Congress, what then? Will the other Powers take up the Italian question and fight it out? Aesuredly not, England is pledged to neu'rality ; Prussia has no motive for attacking France ; and Russia none for going to war with Aue- tria. Nothing will then remain for France but either an utter abandonment of the Italian cause altogether or a recommence- ment of hostilities. We cannot suppose the former; the latter, But sup- posing a Congress assembled, it is then that the difficulties will begin. ‘Iben it is that the practicability of the bases of peace. will be put tothe test. Weassume al] the way through an honest desire on the part of the Emperor of the French to help Italy. We assume the existence of disturbing influences to his plans, of which we are not yet in possession; and we assume adequate motives 10 acompromise. But we cannot understand, and therefore cannot defend, such a compromise as that an- nounced, because the more we Jook at it the more wé see that it leaves Italy worse off than ever.

THE NEW SARDINIAN MINISTRY.

The new Ministry is formed. Signor La Marmora is Minis« ter of War and also President of the Council] ; Genera] Dabor- mide, Minister for Foreign Affairs; Signor Rattazzi, Minister of the Interior ; Signor Egtana, Minister of Finance ; Marquis Moaticelli, Minister of Public Works; and Signor Miglietti, Minister of Justice. The post of Minister for Public Instruction is still vacant. We have not yet received any explanation of the statement that Count Arese had failed in constructing a new Sardinian Ministry, and that the task had been entrusted to M. Kattazzi. A correspondent, writing to the Debats from Turin, gives the following as the causes that led to the resigna- tion of Count Cavour:—That stateeman was desirous that Piedmont should be formed into a strongly constituted kingdom of Italy, such as is indicated by its geographical configuration, and its unity of race, language, and habite. In cther words, Count Cavour desired that, in addition to Lombardy and Venetia, the duchies of Parma and Modena, the grand duchy of Tuscany, the Legations, and the Marches, should be annexed to Pied- mont. Victor Emmanuel weuld thus have reigned over fourteen millions of subjects, and over the finest countries in Europe, admirably situated between the Adriatic and the Mediterranean, and provided with excellent ports. The ancient republics of Genoa amd Venice would have become provinces of the king- dom of Italy, which would have been suddenly raised to the rank of a great Power in Europe, and liave taken precedence of Prussia.

KOSSUTH AND KLAPKA.

The Paris correspondent of the London Star—not avery

reliable authority, however—says :—

“ Kossuth and Klapka, according to private lettcrs from Turin, have both been detained at that place under tho strictest surveillance of the French police, to whom instinct no doubt taught that if a treaty was about to be signed by France and Austria, it would not bé¢ wise to suffer the two

rturbators of Hungarian peace to run off to Hungary.

he Republicans here are furious at what they call the slip which has been given to them, and we are waiting with the greatest anxiety for the next news frem Italy.”

WHAT GARIBALDI WAS DOING,

Havisg nothing to report about our army, I think it will not be without interest for your readers to know something about General Garibaldi’s ]xst movements, I therefore con- clude this letter by ecnding you a correct statement of what hag happened in the Va!te'ina during the last fortnight, so that you may be able to judyc of the enthasiasm these popu- lations feel for the triumph of the national cause and for Victor Emmanuel.

Valtelinua is now free, and the enemy driten among the snow of the Stclvio. Garibaldi collected all his troops at Leceo after his return from Salo, and on the 26th June, at night, the first steamer, with the rations and a company of carabineers, went to Colico. The whole of the division passed on the following day, and on the 28th, in the evening, arrived at Sondrio. The reception of the Gereral and his troops here was most cnthusiastic; not only wes the town here beautifully illuminated, but the mountains were covered with large bonfiresj* Halted the 29th, and on the 30th marched to Tifang- The people had erected triumphal arches on the road, on which were the portraits of Victor Emmanuel, Napoleon, and Garibaldi.

On the 2nd July the 2nd regiment, with the carabinieri, under the command.of Colonel Medici, halted about 7 a. m. on the edge of the plain in which stands Bormio. The enemy occupied the position at Bagni Veechi and Nuovi, about two miles from the town at the first bridge and tunze! on the Stelvio rcad. A deputation arrived while the troops were halted, praying help, as the Austrians were daily plun- The night be-