I

NOVEMBER 10. 1952 ..---f"'-”'” ”' T”

THE ED UCA TIONAL LTORIZONL

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF IlN"I'EIII:2S'I' "P0 I'EACHEI(S ANII ALI. OTHERS SEEKING

IMPROV EM ENT IN EDIJCATION

I RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF TEACHERS-(Continued)

-surely, some selection of teach- mg personnel is Justified and es- sential when those who are to in- struct our boys and girls show so. i;tl'iP understanding of the great 'ill”.IlS that pupils should master, mi because effective selection is

v csibie in Canada at the pres- tzme under present practices, .;v-.10, if any. selection is attempt- NI. Therefore, until administrative imiicies are changed. the following it iLBS will continue: (1) All who meet lowered minimum 'i:c requirements will be ad- . (I to teacher training classes. .3. All ilmse who complete short ,..-iinris of training will be gradu- vtti and certificated. ,,

"'rh:s account of recruitment and. .- ' ill of candidates for the - , .1; profession is very discon-

-.,.i,g. The provinces have drift- NI into their present dilemma. not in tic-tor. but as the result of ; ; term measures that have - l1liICCI to solve a real edu- The system we one to -which the public

i.t'i)II1C too accustomed. one-in . .rli lhey now place their faith 1' utilllfl appear that unless posi-

' aciioii is taken, we shall con- present policies until "ill economic conditions hood in labour market with thousands pioved who will again. as ask for teachers' cer-

Ncw Goals

ms-ni practice stresses meth- i recruitment that make lll impossible. If selection used by some province to 1-trindzirds and improve edu- ll by denying certification to .i:i l)liI top-ranking students, re- . mi-nt would not be necessary t tor the profession would siudci-.ts to teaching as they a now drawn to medicine. law -.tl i)i'..viiicci'ing. Let us assumt: Il.ll the new goals set by the pro- . were these: That there Ill be available to all children t'lCliit'lil.:ll'y and secondary, oi levels an education that i ensure to Canada and Cana- s a dignified and undisputed 9 among uorld nations in tht. and Science" commerce. iii- and international afiairs. at diversified school program- .iws should be provided to meet tire needs of pupils with vai'..1 .'i,iIllu(ICS, interests and needs. That the school's efTlciency should re uch that progress through the :.. cs is uiirciurded for any child ll .ormcl intelligence who at- .r:.tls school regularly: and

that public schools should be so administered and financed that it

misfits. Those who are accepted i for training must be interested-in

teaching as a. life work and begin that training with the expectation of qualifying for a life of service in the classroom.

"We may assume, therefore. that recruitment and selection would work somewhat as fouows:

”(l) No candidate for teacher training should'be accepted unless he is a. high school graduate with matriculation standing equivalent to that prescribed for entrance to law. engineering, medicine or theo-

EY- "t2) The basis of selection and screening on social interests, cul- tural attainments, emotional sta- bility, vocational interests. health. personality and character should be the reports of high school prin- clpals' examinations. , "(ID The training college should conduct entrance to test proficien- cy in oral and written English (or

E

French) and demand a higii standard of attainment.

"in The work' of selection should be continued throughout

the period of training and candi- dates who fall to meet prescribed standards should be required to withdraw or attend an extra ses- sion to remove deficiencies;

"t5) Teachers should be trained in a university where they would associate with other professional folk in the making;

"to) All teachers, elementary as well as secondary, should be re- quirecl to integrate at least one full year of Arts and Science sub- ject-matter courses. one of which

should be English (or French). with those in the professional field: .

"(7) Elementary and secondary training programmes should be unified much more than at pre- sent to the end that elementary teachers be as well educated as their colleagues in the secondary school so that there would .bemorI- community of thought in the pro- fession and the present difference in prestige between elementary and secondary school teaching would disappear;

”(8) All training programniesl should be reviewed and revised. All non-challenging. watered-down methodology courses should be dc-1

leted and replaced by general cul- tural content that includes basic courses in psychology. philosophy and sociology that might providt. a background for meaningful ex- pcrlencc, and

”t9) only those persons who complete without failure all partsi of the training programme shouidi be given certification of any stlt.

"Do these standards appca:

s impossible foi' teachers to have I cultural and economic statusl ltifl a social prestige and com- inuiiity standing equivalent to thatl .'.H"li without question to mem- ms of other professions.

"if we accept these goals. what iimsui-rs of recruitment and selec- Iii)ll must be applied?

"l- it not evident that the em- ') as will be upon selection rath- zr I'.;an recruitment? The goals .ir' lirire ill mind will be unattaln-' IllIP if by pressure and propagan- da teaching ranks are filled with

MATCH l Piltrlowii: 2. Planetoid; 3. Galileo; 25. Glucose; 26. Hygro-I Piiriii; 4. Praying mantis; bfmeter. - f

lthotintiendron; 6. Saguaro: '1. Sat-I elliie: ii. Spcctroscope; 9. Talus; ii) Thcrmograph: ll. Trllobite: 12 .-irupiielcs; 13. Cecropla: 14. Cen- ...niv; 15. Copernicus; 16. Culex; i'.' iirdrn hobia: 18. Laintai: 19'. '..iip;iie; 2. Mesquite; 21. Lassem; 2;! Conservation; 23. Embryofzi.

. fessions.

high? Compare them with en- rance requirements to other pro The six professions of law, medicine, dentistry. pharmacy. engineering and accounting require on the average 4!: years of uni- versity educatlon following senior. matriculation. Surely all teachers! should have a university degreei Although it will take a long time

before this educational status is

mandatory, one cannot defend the

thcsls that teachers need less gen-

eral education than do pliarmac-K

lsts. accountants. and medical practitloiiers.") .

ta) The kind of mosquito WhlCh' may transmit malaria to man: (b) The largestlmoti) to be found in the eastern United States: to) The protection of our natura'. wealth from-loss or injury; (d) A kind of mosquito cc-mmon in the northern part of the United states:

DAILY Icizosswoao

ACROSS I 2. . Bird's 3. stomach . Foreman Narrow roadway Part of the eye Rabbit fur (Ind.) Small; filled I. Ridicule pastry sheila ll. bolts:-I' . An awn 13. Plant ovule 16. That is 15. A century iabbr.) it). At a Hereditary distance factor 20. Cover Abundant 21. Ahead tcolloq.) Sainte tabbr.) 23. Purified . Music noto . Public notice - . That which remove.- For . Rugged mountain crests . Verbal . Belonginf

Pillage Herb of carrot family Departed Except Eggs Weight

23. 24. 26. 27.

gay)

28.

.4???

29. 30. 81.

11. I2.

84. 37.

17. 18. 22.

44.1-iokorntako - 145. Leather-

fluk ' 40. Minus

DOWN 1. A wine '

DAILY OEYPTOQUOTE-llords how to work It:

. A ' , II II and letter empty .3

for'l.ho chi-gg.,1,';; trophies. tho lqina Each down. .

93!

Y N. to

'1' . g 1- another. In this example A II

Rant.

Fate

Butts

A course brintly herb Personal pronoun Largo worm Publishes FOIIKGI.

on cattle Palm loaves (var.) Think River

( Russ. 9 Sick

SEES QEEEE

ELSE EEEIEEE

. .4111 Il l..VlIIIl!lII LIUIJLJ i'.IlIl;ll'J I

laIIr4Iv'I Animal

T:

-'.0. Small explosion

51. Pomalo sheep

LIAAXI I BLOW used

(a) The young oil a plant or of an animal in its ear lest stages of de- velopment; (I) An Italian scient- ist who proved that the planets move around the sun.

(g) A simple sugar formed dur- ing the dlgestlon of carbohydrates: (h) A plant which grows in many parts of the country and belongs to the same group as the bean plant: (1) An instrument used to measure humidity: (1) A fossil sea animal; (k) The loose and broken rock at the foot of a cllfI; (1) One of the earliest races of man; (m), A body similar to a planet but much smaller: (n) An edible sea animal; to) An insect which eats other insects: (p) The most recent of the five eras into which geolog-

ists divlde the earth's history: (q) A Polish astronomer who first de- termlned by observation. and ma- thematical calculation that the sun wasthe center of the solar system: (r) A shrub that grows chleny in mountainous regions. is) A cactus which grows as much as 60 feet high; (t) A heav- enly body revolving around an- other. usually a body revolving about a planet: (u) Aninstrument used to determine the elements of which things are made; (v) A thermometer which automatically records the temperature; iw) Cas-

i gage in an argument.

Irma GUARDIAN. Cl-IARLOTTETOWN

,1.

the

'ves. They are always on defensive, always ready to give battle, always willing to en-

Inteiligence has no bearing on

this emotional condition. some

l-lerr Braun lebt in Amerika. Er ist Amerikaner. Frau Bi-aun ist Amerikanerln. Friiher lebte Herr Braun in Deutschland. Dort stu- dierte en Medlzin. Jetzt lebt er in Amerlka. Er ist Arzt oder Dokter der Medizin.

Herr Braun hat cinen vater und cine mutter in Deutschland. Scin vater ist Karls und Annas Gross- vater. seine mutter ist ihre Gross- mutter. Der vater sagte zu Kari und Anna; Jetzt ist es Summer. Im Summer habt ihr keine Schule.

very capable and intelligent people suffer from that type of emotion- al immaturity.

We can't change them. and un- less they change themselves. we can only try -to tolerate them.

EINE REISE NACH DEUTSCHLAND-(Translate)

Deufschland und besucheri melnen vater und meine mutter. d.h. euren Grossvater und eure Gross- mutter. Im Herbst kommat ihr wleder nach Amcrlka und geht

"Jo, wir besuehen gern unseren Grossvater und unsere Grossmut- ter." Anna fragte ihre mutter: ”Lebte dein vater fruher auch in Deutschland?" Die mutter ant- worte: "Nein. mcin viitcr lebte

Wlr machcn elne Reise nach

Plants Ere mostly propagated by spores. seeds, and by division. The

en wood. made from milk curds. ix) A desert shrub; (y) An active volcano in Northern California: (2) An animal disease.

MEASUREMENT OF AMOUNT OF HEAT (contributed)

I .(a),Small calories: The am- ount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gi'am of water one degree ce tlgrade. tb) Large calories: The a cunt of heat re- quired to raise the temperature of one pound of water four degrees

Fahrenheit. (c) Calorimeter: An instrument for measuring amount of heat.

11. Absorption and radiation of heat: ta) Absorption--Dark, dull objects absorb heat more rapidly than light, shiny ones. Surface of the earth heats quickly. ib) Ob- jects that are not transparent re- sist the passage of radiant energy and in doing so absorb this ener- gy. A black. sooty bottle absorbs heat faster than a bright, shiny one. (cl Objects that absorb heat quickly also radiate heat quickly. Light, shiny surfaces radiate heat more slowly than dull dark sur- faces, Such surfaces are good re- flectors of heat.

III. Affect of temperature on density of water: (a) It's point of greatest density is at 4 degrees C or 39 degrees F. (bl Volume for volume hot water is lighter than cold water.

IV. ta) At sea level atmospheric

pressure is 15 pounds per sq. inch. Water boils at 212 degrees F. or 100 degrees C. (b) As pressure de- creases, boiling point is lower. a change of about one degree C for every 1000 feet of elevation. ic) Increasing pressure causes higher boiling temperature, a principle which is applied in the pressure cooker.

V. Destructive distillation: (a) This is the decomposition of a substance by heat in an airtight container. Wood treated in this way produces charcoal and other producf.s. Coal treated in this way produces coke and other products.

VI. Fractional distillation: (a) A liquid is heated and different sub- stances are driven off as vapors at different temperatures. Petroleum or crude oil is treated in this way.

VII. Spontaneous combustion; ta) Heat. combustible substance and oxygen of the air necessary for combustion. tb) Damp hay. oily rags, rags soaked with paint, damp papers and other rubbish may oxidize slowly and produce heat. If there is enough heat to raise the substance to its kindling

l temperature it bursts into flame.

nu. IN THE BLANKS

1. The first President of the Utah. 9. The world's largest pro- United States was - , while ducer of manganese is ea 10. the President today is-:-. 2. - produces 90 per cent of The President of the United States the world's supply of molybdenite. is elected for a period of -M11. :-- is the foremost tung- years. 3. The country of isten-producing country of the in South America has rich depos- iworid. 12. The -1 is the larg-

its of nitrates of copper. 4. The grasslands of Argeiitliia are called T 5. The language spoken in Argentina. is . 6. The name of Colonel Gorgas is associ- ated with the building of -1- 'l. Vanadium is a. 1'ero:illoy that touglieiis steels for use lll auto- niobile axels, pistons. crankshafts. pins and other parts where strain and shock are involved It is iouiid in - and :7

8. The largest copper mine in the United States is at - ,

est pro6ucer of oil in the world. 13. The port of Ashtabula is situ- ated on -O. 14. The world's largest all-elcctric smelter is at T. 15. The Nechako River is a tributary of the ' River 16. Lake Tahtso is in . 1'1. The new Governor-General of Australia is -:. ill. The high- est waterfall in the world is Z-. 19. Canada's Pacific gateway is)

20. The Pink Palace isi in ----.

BATOCHE

Batoche is on the South Sask- atchewan Rlver a short distance west of the junction of the two branches and not far south of

quarters of Louis Riel in the Sask- atchewan Rebclllon of 1885 When General Middleton stormed it and captured Riel. the Rebellion was

Prince Albert. It was the head-

practicnlly at an end

FORT DUQUESNE

Fort Duquesnc was at the con- fluence of the Allegheny and the Monongahela Rivers on the site of the City of Pitisburg. It was the scene of the first clash of the French and the British in their efforts. to gain control of the Ohio valley. The fort remained in the

SEVEN

Seven Oaks is in the Red River valley. not far from Winnipeg. In 1812 Lord Selkirk started a colony of poor 1-flghlanders on the Red River. where Winnipeg now stands. on 116,000 square miles of territ- ory purchased from the Hudsons Bay Company of which he was the leading member.

This territory had long been almost a. preserve of the North

- West Company and they resented

bitterly the founding of the col- ony. They stirred up the half-

TEST 1.

Dr. George Washington Carver searched for treasures in common things. He did his work in the South. He spent much time find- ing new uses for the plants of the South. He showed people how to make more than 300 different things from peanuts. Dr. Carver's work helped to make peanuts one of the South's most important crops. The South now raises twice as many peanuts as were raised there 20 years ago.

1. Dr. Carver did much work with plants, machines. rabbits, metals.

2. Dr. Carver's work has in- creased the South's territory, farms. wealth, pastures.

8. Draw A ring around a word in the story that means "hurited.",

1. The best title for this story is: Where Peanuts Are Stored;

what Dr. Carver Did for the

There's no one you can kid more easily than yourself. Wishful thinking is an ailment common to all of us-moreior less. When we indulge in it. pllcatlons and problems disappear. and reality becomes simple and manageable.

suppose. .for instance. you have made A mistake. Confronted with it. you don't feel like cheering about it. Instead, 'you do your best not to acknowledge the-.mls- take. And if you must acknowledge it, your mind quickly produces

.,any number of reasons why you

had to make the mistake: qnd how. under the circumstances everyone else would hiivo acted

exactly the way you did. :t was natural for you to make tumou-

tsiu. - Tb we carry around with us 3- radial device that protect: our salt-oniii'ouoo.In colon our views so that it In are determined to

-uoothfngursdwhen it is

.bluo. self-protection provides at Q ltttlo . NI

tinge on the

hands of the French and was named after the Governor of Canada. In 1755, Braddock was

:defeated and killed in an attempt to seize it, but in 1751! it was eas- lily taken by Forbes. when the capture of Fort Frontenac cut oil Iits supplies.

OAKS

lbreeds of the Red River against 'the colonists and when Robert Semple, the governor of the col- ony, sallled forth with a small band of colonists to meet the ex- cited half-breeds, Semple and twenty-one of the settlers were shot down near 9. place named lseven Oaks. The remainder of the settlers were driven from their homes but the colony was re- established later on the arrival of .Lord Selkirk. its founder.

SILENT READING

South; The Chief Crops of Amer- ica; Hunting for Buried Treasures. TEST II.

A safe landing field for airplanes can be prepared in a few hours by using steel mats. The mats are woven nets of steel. They can be rolled up and transplanted almost anywhere. They can be laid out quickly and locked together to make runways. They save weeks in establishing an emergency air- field.

I. The story mats are act together, tied posts.

2. The story shows that steel mats save food, gasoline, lives. labor.

3. Draw 3 ring around a word in the story that means carried.

4. The best title for this story is: Steel Mats for Airfields; steel Mats for Fishing; Faster Airplanes; Transporting Freight by Air.

says that the steel in cement. locked down, held with

SELF-DECEPTION - (Conlrlbulod)

edges.

The other fellow doesn't see the red tinge, of course. But. as one's ego argues. he is a fat.-head any- way. and it is a waste of energy to try to convince him. Thus, self- deception invariably goes hand in hand with A sense of superiority. And because the other fellow ro- senu that. he leaves us alone.

There is only one way to over- come that isolation: by admitting the mistake openly. All of this is normal. That's how most of us behave. our sense of self-protec- tlon asserts itself until it pro- duces effects which make it diffi- cult for us to get along with oth- ers. .

There 'are some people, however. who are emotionally unable ever to admit a mistake. or to admit that it was unavoidable. Their need for self-protection is much stronger than their v.' h to sr,u:re

themselves with o;b.::-. '. r.: difficult to live with beer 9 they feel so terribly insecure scout

most important methods of propa- gation on the farm are by spores, seeds, and by several methods of division, such as creeping stems and root stocks. tubers, cuttings, buds and grafts. Nearl all econ- omic plants are pro agated by means of seeds.

Spores differ from seeds in that they do not contain an embryo. or young plant. They are usually one-celled. or few-celled and mic- roscopic. Only the lower orders of plants form spores. The rust mar- gins on the underside of fern leaves contain spores. Corn smut, oat smut. oat rust. are masses of spores. This method of propaga- tion ls not of great direct import- ance in agriculture, because only a few plants are of use to us.

But spores are of great import- ance when we consider plant dis- eases. for nearly all such diseases are caused by plants that repro- duce spores.

The following plants produce seeds, creeping stems, and root- stocks. The branches of white

clover take root, and so form new plants. The most important ex- ample of seedless reproduction is in grasses. All the perennial grasses increase by new stems or corms that arise from the joints that are near the ground or below it. More often a. branch comes

TRUE AND

1. Two straight lilies can inter- lsect in only one point.

2 Adjacent angles are always supplementary.

3. All equilateral triangles are congruent.

4. An angle may equal its own supplement.

5. A point has no dimensions.