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TIIE DWI GllMllIlAl

Morning Dally (Founded In III!) Authorized a: Feoond Clue Mall Poet Olfloo ‘ Department. Ottawa.

President: W. Chester B. lloLore, IILP. Vloo-lTtlldgnt: l. IL Burnett, FJJ. Secretary: lwnt Col. D. L Manlbnnoo. 0.8.0. ldltor aruf Managing Director: I ll. Burnett. FJJ. Auoclat: Edltora: Frank Waller and hn A. Burnett.

The Guardian ma) he “tamed at: flab Noaceo Shop. Mooewn. N. It The New: Shop. Monotun, N. B. George McLean, Proton N B.

Walker’: White Spot. ll Salter St... Bnllfax, NJ. lletropolltan New: Agency, [Ml Peel Bk, Montreal. Ilolled Cigar Stores Chateau l-aorler, Ottawa Ont.

B. Altkcn, Lord Elfin’; 80kt. (Whiz, Onl- J. Fine. 354 Bay St, Toronto Ont. Wnllefn News Stand lintlbnry. Ont. ‘

Old Soul]: New; Cor. Ivlllk and Washlnlton 8b..

. Boeton 501111113’: New: Agency, ‘Time: Building New York.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.”

THURSDAY,

~ 011 110m;

APB-IL l8, 1M8

Huge C.N.R. Surplus

The trcmcudous increase in traffic our the Canadian National Railways is reflected in the $14,750,130 surplus turned over to the

Dominion (iovcrumenf as_a.rcsult of 1945 op--

erations. The surplus, available for the pay-

mcut of interest due the public and the Gov-l,

erument, was $1,729,206 greater than the sur- plus of the previous year. Revenue freight in 1945 aluountsdio 79,941,296 tons and 30,370,- 680 passengers were carried. The express, tele- graphs and l10tel departments all expericnced the heaviest volumeof business in their hist- ory.

An interesting point emphasized by Presi- dcnt R. C. Vaughan in his report tabled in the House of Coxmuons is that despite higher costs of operation last year, resulting from higher wage rates and higher unit prices for materi- als, freight and passenger rates generally re- mained fixed at the pre-svar level in accord- ance with the regulations of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board. By reason of changes in traffic characteristics, the actual revenue per ton mile decreased, this decrease amounting to a reductiondn operating revenue of over ten million dollars. The total increase in costs, above 1nentioncd,.am0unted to nearly seventy millions.

Under the heading “wagcs" it is pointed out that if applications for further increases wore granted there would be an additional pay- roll expensc of about $32,000,000 per annum. “These applications," says the report, “were not acceded to by‘ the ‘management and for the most part are now before government tribun- lls in Canada and the United States. From the beginning of the war to the end of 1945, the total cost to the National System of in- creased wagc rates (including cost of living bonus) and changes in working conditions, granted by the National War Labour Board, amounted to $146,261,000.”

The rcport financially is a gratifying one, but President Vaughan warns that “in the event of any substantial decrease in traffic volume, not otherwise compensated for. the higher costs of operation would prevent a continuance of the favorable financial results which the sys~ tem has been able to report for the past five pars." " I -

The Wool Situation

Despite the acute current clothing shortage, there is no shortage of wool. This reassuring fact is discussed in detail in an article in the April issue of The (Immlry Guide, a farm maga- zine published in Winnipeg. Despite its ex- tctisive use for purp0s€5 of war, huge world stocks of wool have accumulated and this be- cause hcavily importing countries such as Ger- many and japan were cut off completely from their usual sources of supply——Australia, Ncw Zcalnnd, South America and South Africa. The same applicd to all liuropczm countries lll1(l‘JI' four and five long years of Nazi Ilomination. Fortuualcly the textile machinery 0f such coun- tries as France and llclgium was left fairly well intact, and :15 their ecououiy improves with the dcvelopnzcnt of outside trade they will l)C' CUIIIC not only SClf-Slllllllllilllfl but exporters, as well. U11 this sirlc of 1.‘1c water the fhucrican \V0nl Council statics: "American mills are pro- ducing :11 almost twice Ihc pcacc-time rate. I11 :1 good [arc-war your wv cmsumcd 350900.000 ylrfli, of \\'<I(Ill('lI~' {lllll wursleds. Now we arc rolling from the luouls zit the ratc 0f 500,000,- 000 yards :1 year and the output will continue at this peak during 1040." 'I‘he same steady ou put of all fabrics continues from Canadian mill

llczllizing Ihc (lnngcr of stocks overhanging the Inarkcts 0f the world, four governmcnts-Jkitish, Australian, New Zealand, South Africam-have recently united to form a joint orgahization to dispose of woo stocks in cunimictinu with each world clip as it c0111cs m1 the market. The British government

4s providing lmlf the capital, Aflstralia a quar- . ter, New Zcaland and South Africa an eighth each by way of financing the proposition, and the accumulated stocks—-3,315,oo0,ooo pounds —are equivalent to two years’ world consump- tion. South .‘\lII(’f'lCfllI wools are not included, nor are the home-grown wools 0f the British like. It is proposed. to offer these stocks of wool by auction concurrently with the new clip wool; and i: is estimated that complete disposal may "Iaké as long as thirteen years. , The tCanadian situation itself is very Jrealthy, waritme stocks having been well liquid- lted and normal trading through regular chan- nels}; lacing gradually reestablished. The Fed- ml TGnvn-nment through Canadian Wool 1mm. 71.18.; heefpurclmsed four-annual clip: after‘ Mfng in fl-gislercd warehouses, aml as at 11nd o! February, / 6,1110: will he less" 7510,1190 pounds,» . "d ‘out of tbsp,- consumed total: I buyout--

‘ly minted for the occasion. The queer thing

lmiltcd to taking over the r946 clip, another

10,000,000‘ pounds, at prices comparable with the past Ifour seasons and no difficulty is anticipated with its orderly disposal to mill. users. l

In 1943 the Federal Government institut-

properly tagged and cleancd for market at time of shearing. Payment of this bonus over, the DIISI, three years has been contingent on the provincial government participating upon a} 50-50 basis, and all provinces have participated except Manitoba. Growers throughout Canada thereby received an additional $318,000.00 ini 1943, $285,000.00 in 1944, $272,000.00 in 1945-l This arrangcmrnt was evidently not as llluCll benefit to Prince Edward Island produc-l crs last year as it might have been. Accord-l ing to Mr. \V. G. MacKenzic, ALLA, prcsi-' dcnt of the P.E.I. Sheep Breeders’ Association, the bonus was only paid 011 wool handled through the Graders’ Association. What wasl handled through jobbdrs did not get the bonus. Last year the Association handled about 38,000 pounds of an estimated crop of 225,000 pounds.

1 1

.-r01 10mm. ~01 cs-s

ii-

Holy Thursday. m I- e

'l‘omo1'row Good Friday. O I O I

Mr. James Pendcrgasfs letter in The I Guardian 1'11 reply to one i11 The Iferalrl 011 Con- Ifedcration and its outcome, was republished in. ‘a prominent position in last Saturday's Saturday 1 Night. n- n1 The rank and file of Nova Scotia Legis- lature seem to have little respect for the‘ wishes and aspirations of Halifax, their capital city. They reduced from $1,000 to $600, the bold aldermcn had dccidcd to appropriate forl salary, and cut an expenditure vote of $250,000 the city intended for bi-cenfcnnial celebration w $50,000. ~

i I!

it!!!

Toronto New: has closed down. "A dis- concerting thing,” it says, ifi its farewell issue, “about trying to be an independent (unsubsid- ized) press these days is that the mechanical cost of producing a. five-cent paper is now greater than any possible return on sales. Thus; the more copics sold, the more money is lost."

1- + x1 n

Marquise Marie de Rabutiu-Clautal dc Levigne, French authoress and letter-writer, died this date I696; left a widow at the age 0f twenty-five, she was a favourite at court, and devoted to her son and daughter, to whom her famous letters, dealing with court life and soc- iety life, are written in a style based on the real genius of the French language. fluent, gay a|1d felicitous; the best edition is that of fllanrucr-

qur, 14 volumes.

4 Ill ll I

Bureaucracy is growing at a more rapid pace in Britain than evcn here, where it is more or less rampant. Charging the Bevin gov- ernment with this, Lord Balfour of Inchrye said that a graph could be worked out show- ing that with the declining population and the growth of nationalization, everyone in Brit- ain could be a civil servant just before the‘ year 2000. He told the House of LOrds that in I914 the civil service xmnlbcred 250,000. 1930 it was 320.000; last ycar 716,000 and all present 695000-

? I II III

The Senateihas adjourned until April 30 after Senator L. A. David (L, Quebec) given notice he would raise after the rcccss the question 0f the absence of French in the swear- ing in ceremonies 0f Viscount Alexander as; (iovcrnor-Gencral. A similar question was rais- ed in the Commons by Mr. john Bracken, Pro- gressive Conservative leader, and Prime Min- ister Mackenzie King said prcccdcut had bcm followed and Ihcre ivas no discourtesy intend-l c1] either to the, Governor-General or the people of Quebec. Senator David's question asked if the provision of the British North America ACK: making both the English and French language official still ‘vas in effect and. if so, why both‘ languages were not used in Illc ceremonies.

i

m >1 n-

This is Maundy Thursday and His Maj- esty has already announced that, accompanied ‘by the Queen, he will today mnkc the annual distribution of Maundy money l0 :1 number of old people gathered in Wcsuuinster ‘Abbey for that purpose. The day takes its name from the same Latin root as docs "mandate", and is :1 corruption of the Old French "mandc" lmviug the same meaning, It rcfcrs to Christ's, lwords at the Last Supper, after He had Ivaslled tho fcct o

accumulating ally became the custom for persons in high a1:- w°

places to wash the fcct of a number of poor' men, in ccmlnemoratlon of the ‘Last Supper. By the fifth century, this ceremonial foot-wash-

I ing was performed every year on the day bc-Hgltl the "ma".

-Ior¢ Good Friday, by the popc, the prclates, the ‘Kings of Europe, the nobles and by many priests. Usually the number of poor mcu so treated tal- lied with the years of age of the washer. Wil- liam the Third appointed his almoner deputy for the occasion, and in 1754 it was decided that the poor men would have to be content ‘with a gift of 111011cy and clothing. Still more recently, the clothes were dropped out. too. being commuted for in cash. So today, Their Majeaties will distribute little red and white

‘the numbcr of the King’s years. Some 0f the coins will be of silver and some of gold, special-

about them is, that the recipients couldn't get any shopkeeper to accept them in the ordinafv way of business, for they are miniatures. Mini- ature pennies in ‘silver, miniature shillings in, gold No, it isn't a joke on the paupers, for ._the Maundy money is eagerly ‘snapped up by

collectors‘ at prices far, above both their nom-

inal and their, intrinsic value. I i

ed a four cent per pound bonus for all Clips M,

In m

lIiICbPrlor to goln lgold mine Mr.

f his disciples: “A new command- If th t- mcnt give I unto you." About three or f011r.1°'l"“"t’¢ b“

poses. But a new day Ir at I1 plans of

gee: en

traIn with ‘white lmoke ,llrplnn9 wIth dcven apt-end, aluminum scooter: and roller

look! I bags containing coins to a number parallelling fmmlw nee: the double-docket b! l

of

' gore ahelve: untll th 0d

r11: cuaiitl

Notes By The W

The Soviet lmhlnyl the dlplomatlc estlbllahmenfln Wa: Inzton whfehdoe: not employ . Unéteixdlfltatu oltlzen: ll ho

e

zine.

There will be no bran rails the streamlined cocktall bars. shouldn't matter much. With ‘so v! the sreen liquor now bglng ' a patron couldn't find the roll w his feet anyway. -HamlIt

tor.

Looking at tho mutter from angles we are convinced that l .' only solution lies In the develo ment of a transparent plastic pea .‘ basket, or one of the ordinary t l" which he; a cover that can be r moved for Inspection wlthoutt ald of a crowbar. -Comwall Sta ard -ll‘reeh older. I ,

adueawr aaye ,_

age when girls sto ‘-

at boys. We dispute t .

keep right on. maklnl 1109:, b between l2 and M boysymiptg them for Babylonian alltliemen’ or revelations of a rare and in. rant souL-Peterborough Exumi er. .

w

in. I

Hell “ ,,. ll

It has gone the way of the fI And brlmstone of which simple f0 once imagined It to

In this enlightened age, must pe ple have little use for common garden fire. Electricity Is mo scientific and soon we shall do 0 ' cooking with disgruntled atom Sulphur Is gone both from matches and our Spring tonic Time marches on. -Vancouver Su

_.__ It might: be nld that on occasions, before an editorial Into cop form, there‘ are consul , tlonr wth the law, ' service boards and also, at time with those engaged primarily social v nal pollcy, of course, belongs the head of the newspaper, but Ix formation, knowledge of an I

ssu‘,

p. --From Newsweek M; _

onspel

"_ mmtriee"

l service and pther work, Flt."-

Ill,

ummeul , pru 1B, 101:.

Brilafns Offer’ To

Ration Bread , - (Untied puormotlon .

no 3111151; Government's‘ otter ~- ratlunhuadlutheonlteo --w- the. USA. I: "'~- the earn velyrso t. other mount-ea concert with U.B.A. to save eat-and flourI-oomee u‘ the " M z ms unffiaudmualinfltcov“ . . o g m -_ w» do Ila unmet-tn adult

f serious want. - 1:11:11,» ii nod In the 1m- ateumentlnllzl: . N R Hi. A

1.-

Government; ectlon- are "U . .......... ‘"2211 "cs "u": a _ .. trlee of the British

1 t...

logical f

ble Britain's stupendous wer- godueflon achleyemenfo. Now. “than 11min Jifimondln:

- new neeoefim -~ -- effort — on retlon: In 11 cane: even lees than In wor-

(P0111

must most times be secured fro' I lme- mg‘! m‘ t” “no” w” u“

outside, Public service of a news; paper cannot be rendered other? wise; It cannot be dictated from a narrow editorial cell. -—St. Cath- arine: Standard.

The young mother was shocked to learn that little Sammie had told a Ile. Taking the lad on her knee, she graphically explained the consequences of falsehood: “A tall, black man with red, fiery eyes and two sharp horns grabs lIttle boys who tell falsehoods and cur- ries them off at night. He lakes them to More, where they have to work hard In a dark canyon in 50 veers. Now, you won't tell a lie again, will you?" “No, Mom," said Sammie cheerfully. “You can tell better onesl" -. From Cappefs Weekly,

A great deal of public speaking of all klncls ls done nowadays, and much of It 1's on a our level. The Petcrborough xamlner. The illusltm persists that all that is needed for a successful speech Is an lnterestlng subject 11nd a lor c measure of sincerity. Nothing . be more mistaken. Speaking to 1m audience Is an art, and unless It Is attempted with some regard for form, eloculion and pace It can only result in boredom, The great orator of our day ls Winston Churchill, who composes his speeches 11s carefully as composed an essay, and who deliv- ers them \vIth a skill as great as that of any actor now holding the London or New York stage.

Don't let anyone be heard say- fnsz that there’s no stability in the Infng industry. W. H, Prltchard has just retired from h master mechanic for Holllnger Con- solidated Mines. He- worked 33 years at it, continuously, ‘is will still continue to work for I-Iollln- ger, but In less arduous duties. H to the Porcupine Prltchurd worked eight years at the Silver Iv/Ioun- taln mlne in Wes four years at Cobalt, This durable and competent workman has pur- sued hls trade for 52 yea them In Ontario mines, still at It. Thls record employment is as interesting the longevity of dividend pay-

ents. p-Northern Miner.

George the Fourth Ia reported to have wept copiously when Beau Brummell the supreme arblter of men's 111s Ions early In the century, superclllously disapproved of the cut of the royal coat That. fastldlous young English dandy has his modern counterpart clothing specialists of the ‘III-stern world and H1959 apparently have the some sensitivity, says The Von- couver Province. They abhor any form of dress that, In their arbi- trary judgment, Is -not correct. Most of us are cheerful offendcrs and smIIIns/lnsufu-i- 11.1- sllrnl. scorn that can be gllmpscd in the eyes of master Iallors. But now President Truman himself has

rocked the world of fashion by com-

mlttln the unpnrdonable sln of Ewell" z In publlc wearing a sil-

eakcd bow tle with 11 double- brcasted gllnncr jacket. It is 11p- parently a‘ faux pus wlthuut pnrul- Iel. It would have been all right e dInner Jacket had been slng_ double-breasted. Jrhere were no words to give

s. hundred years after the Crucifixion, it gradu-lndequate expression to the indigna-

ne still, Harry Truman 0t

sourl showed no slln of con- trItIon. He dld not weep as George the Fourth did.

Ioyland h» been a drab place ere poet few years, with must ls needed for play- d for sterner pur- and if the toy manufsclurera materlallze, says The Christian Science Mcnltor. Imagine the eye: of little Johnnie who ha: known only wartime su tltutes, when he electronically controlled a locomotive puffing nut rluza, a

thlngs allocate

-IncI1 w'ln - sled: 11mm. :11 111ml a:

fenlhe and an automobile that

y den- uclt. Ant Jane wIIl aqueal when she cuddle: a talk- l-fll doll with movable aye: crib In 11m will men Iofll-lbaenl doll-helm fur- . end Ind I . While moat toe wonder: won’: ! n . 3 ‘ o lefi of toyland already I do onou h to

whlch to rock It. ‘more r on the

O-IIW

""1 lyln l

eight. ounces _. 1 '- 1 h . reason I‘? - I - I: dom oils and lots stocks had s.- ready been substantially reduced last, year by agreement with the U.S.A. and Canada, and there is thus no iwerve to make good the previously unforeseeable deficienc- Ies In Incoming supplies.

The United Kingdom Food Min- Ister. Slr Ben Smith. pointed out ,l11 the House of Commons on Feb , ruary 5th that the United Kingdom had taken the lead In recluclnfl cereal Imports by acceptina H ‘quarter of a. mIIlIon ton cut In wheat Imports for the first halfl of this year. At the same tune he said that stocks had been progress- ively reduced sInce to a bare working level without reserve element. In 1w. large quantities

u.»

10f wheat have" been included In

PHYS '

lcirmunstances the Unlbed Kingdom

Hazlitt l

Is job a5.

tern Ontario, ‘and , mos; strenuous efforts on the part

l

rs. 45 of; estyls Government Is dolng its 11t- und he's | most In collalboratlon with the Gov~ of steady ernments of other countries to en~ as sure that.

l

l

l

ke dad’: with an automaton. that maker! It practical-l

have We s’ future for an: lime folk: ~.' m n ‘ gone‘ to- Ion V "~

we favo

lof food sent from the United King-

the one and a quarter million tons dom to liberated Europe. In these

policy has been to make the utmost use of such supplies as are avail- able. To this end the flour extrac- tion rate has been Increased to eighty-five percent, and the Gov- ernment. has launched u nation-wide “save bread” campalgn which be- sides an appeal for voluntary sav- lng m the homes, includes the strict control of bread consumption In restaurants.

Independently of the Uulbed Klngdcnfs offer to ration bread the British Government ls pro- ceeding with efforts to reduce the demands of home consumption 0n world food supplies. Mr. Attlee on 10th April addressed a personal letter to clvlc Iieads throughout Britain asking for close co-opera- tion I11 reducing food waste and stimulating food production. This letter stresses the paramount Im- portance of substituting other foods for bread wherever possible. Mr. Attlee points out that "only the

of nll nations wI1l save millions of lives" 811d declares that. “His Mal-

the greatest possible quantity of grain and rice Is made rapidly available to meet the needs of countries where famine is now 1m ever-threateulng danger."

Mr. Attlees letter Is being back- ed up by a special Ministry of Food campaign In which a mobile exhibition will tour Britain to de- monstrate the methods In which food can be saved. ‘The Ministry of Health - being responsible for houslnx—- is also oo-operatlng by asking local authorities to avoId where possible house building on land now producing food. Another step towards maximum food pro- duction tn the United Klngdom was taken on 10th April by Mr. Tom Williams, Minister of Agriculture. who appealed for thIrty thousand volunteers for the womenks land army. Such an accession would bring the WL A Io wIthIn eIght-y percent. of Its ak wartime num- bers In 1943. nully, the Ministry of Education is also playing It-s part In the campalgn. Heads 01 Schools have lust received a clr- cular asking them to organize harvest camps on at least the some