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DAILY EXAMINER, CHARLOTTETOWN, MARCH 19, 1898,
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Very best
W E- DAWSON
—
ADMINISTRATRIX NOTICE
Tke undersigned, administratrix of the estate of the late lavid May, of Charlot tetown, P.E I , Master Mariner, hereby notifies all perso indebted to the said estate, to make immediate payment to her and a!’ persons having claims
against
Western | knowledge,
the estate are hereby required to preseat
the same,duly attested to her, at her |
residence Grafton St., Charlottetown,
within three months from this date, CATHERINE J. MAY.
Charlottetown, Feb’y.. 16 1898.
dy law & wk
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NOTICE The property on the Pownal Sis, belonging tothe estate of the Jate Catherine MeKenua, (subject to a 3 years unexpired | » from May Ist, 1898), will be sold by Public Auction on Tuesday, May 3rd, 1398, at 12 o’clock, noon. Thies property is now krcewn as ,the Fin'ay House. Terms Cash. M. P. HOGAN, PATRICK BLAKE, Executors
2orner of King and
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TD
THE WITNESS OF EGYPTIAN AND BABYLONIAN RE- SEARCH TO THE VERACITY OF THE PENTATEUCH
—
A Course of Addresses Delivered in ®t, }
Peter’s Cathedral by Rev. Tf H, Hunt a4. & SS.
PATRIARCHAL PALESTINE.
Last week I gave some account of ancient Palestine or Canaan, and of the peoples who lived there in the age of the Patriarchs. To-night I am going to con- tinue the subjectby giving asketch ot the history of the same country before the time of the Exodus, as it is made known to us by ancient records from Babylon and
Egypt. Theserecords I must remind you were writen before the time of Moses. Moet of them bave been unknown to ua
until quite recent years, some of them, we may almost say until only the other day.
The first glimpse of the history of Canaan that we catch is in the ancient records of Babvlonia. According to their chronology it was about the year 3800 BC.
that a king named Sargon arose in that part of Babylonia known as Akkad. He
tirst made himeelf master of northern Babylonia and the country to the east of it and then turned his attention to the west where he founded the first great empire of Asia of which we have any Four times did he make bis way into “the land of the Amorites” i. e. Canaan until it was subdued. “The countries of the sea by the setting sun” i, e. the Mediterranean, acknowledged him as king. On its shores he set up statues of himself,
I may mention that he is recorded to have founded a library in his capital city from which probably these records come. His son was also a conqueror and in an expedition to the west corquered Magan, the name under which they knew what we call the pevinsula of Sinai and the country near it, This country was valuable on account of its copper mines.- In order to get so far in safety it was of course necess- ary to Conquer practically the whole of Palestine and from the fact that they called the whole of Palestine “the land of the Amorites” we have pretty good evi- idence that the Amorites even then had penetrated very far to the south and pers haps even then held the block of moun- tains to which the books of Moses give the name “the mountain of the Amorites.”
How long the Babylonians at this time held the country we do not know but i, must have been long enongh for some of uv Babylonian know- ledge and culture to extend into the coun~
try. In evidence of this we have these |
remarkable facta, It ia ge}! Yodwn that the Babylovians used small engraved stone cylinders for the purpose of sealing the clay tablets on which they wrote. The cylinder was set on an axle and rolled on the clay while soft. (you may remember the allusion in Job “It is turned as clay to the seal ”) Now more than one seal cylinder of this age (Sar- gon’s and his son’*) bas been found in Cyprus and Syria while many others have been found which are more ar less rough imitations, probably made by the natives of Canaan. Now this shows that the use of documents and therefore of writing was known there in exceedingly ancient times —according to the generally received date more than 2000 years before Moses—at any rate centuries before.
About 1000 years Jater about B. C. 2760, we again catch aglimpse of Canaan and its neighbors. Ia the city of Lagas in southern Babylonia have been found sta- tues and clay books which give some bints as to intercourse with the West. Some of the statues found here (now in Paris) have inscriptions saying that they were made of stone from Magan, i. e. Sinai. was brought to this city from Syria; limestone from Mt. Lebanon ; copper from Arsbia and gold dust from that part of Arabia called Havilah in
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“T have sold Ayer’s Sarsaparilla for more than twenty-five years, and have never heard anything but words of praise from my customers ; not a single complaint has ever reached me. A preparation must possess great merit to maintain such a repu- tation. I believe your sarsaparilla to be the best blood purifier that has ever been introduced to the general public. I often hear other manufacturers say that this is “as good as Ayer’s,” but no one ever yet heard it said that Ayer’s was “as good”’ as any other kind. They always set Ayer’s up as the standard of excellence.”—S, F,
Boyce, Duluth, Ming, -—---— om
Genesis. These facts show that there must have been not only trade buat pretty |! good roads as weil between Babylonia and Canaan.
Tre next glance we years or more later became king with his His great grandson calis himself “the land of the Amorites.” Somewhere about this time Prof. Sayce of Oxford considers that we have traces of Chedor- laomer and his allies whe invaded Canaan in the time of Abraham. Toe names of Eri-Aku (Arioch) and Kudar Lagamar (Chedoriaomer) are said by him aod some other authorities to be iascribed on @ clay tablet ef that age, while in another in- scription is found the name of Shinab, king of Adwah which was one of the cities of the plain, near Sodom, Tue identifica- tion of these names with those in Genesis dyes not yet however seem certain. Cot® siderable light though is thrown on the story of Melchizedek by information from another quarter. It has been the fashion to refuse credit to this atory altogether and to say that the name Jerusalem or Salem did not exist before tue time of David. Now quite recently a discovery hae been made which shows thet it is not the Bible but the critics who have made the mistake. Let me first briefly describe the source from which this information is drawn.
About the year 1400 B. C. not very long before the Exodu: a king succeeded to the throne of Egypt whcse name was Ameno-~ phis or AmonsHotep IV. His mother was av Asiaticanda very able woman, and ber influence was so strong that her
have is about 400 when K hammurabi capital at Babylon. king of
son undertook to reform the _ state religion. He rejected the gods of Egypt
and declared himself a worshiper of the one god whose visible semblance was the Sun. The Sun-god was the only one of the old gods he would acknowledge. Ip fact hie religion was aform of Syrian- Baal worship, He tried to force th:s on the people, and even changed his own name to Khu-n-Aten, “Splendour of the Suo.” There was a religious war and at length the king ieft Thebes, the old capital and built himeelf a new ove in the north Asa matter of fact the new religion died with the king in about thirty vears a:d the new city was abandoned. The mounds which mark where it stood are called Tel- elsAmarne. At this place hav> recently be. n found a series of clay tablets, mostly official letters from Palestine and the surrounding countries, together with some older ones brought from Thebes. The letters are written, not in Egvptisn writirg, but in the Babylonian character, showing how thoroughly Canaan had become saturated with Babylonian learning.
wick te ae thege letter, aré some frgia = "ag of Jerusalem. Not only is this name of the city the only one used, but the city is already one of the most im portant fortresses of Canaaa. It was the capital ofa large district and ite king apparently had some jurisdiction over the neighboring states, for he tells of Laving repaired roads in the plaiu of Jordan. This king Ebed Tob while an ally and vaeeal of the Pharaoh, declares ig his letters that he is not an Egyptian governor such as there were in some cities of Canaan, and that he had received his royal power not by inheritance, but through the arm of the “mighty king.” This mighty king is distinguished from the king of Egypt and it ts therefore most probable that he represents the god worshipped by Ebed- Tob Have we not here the “Most High God” of Melchizedak? Ebed Lob is in fact a priest as wellas a king. He bas not received his throne by inberitance. As far as his ettice is coucerned he is “without father or mother.” His office so far is the
same as that of Melchizedek. As for the name Jerusalem or ‘* UruxSalem” it simply means city of Salem or
“city of peace,” Cru being an ancient word for city. The city is also referred to on Egyptian monuments by the simple name of Salem.
There is a point in the story of Mel. chizedek which may be worthy of mention When Abraham returned trom the defeat, of the invaders he meets Melchizedek and the new king of Sodom pear Jerusalem. Ic seems therefore that the Priest King of
Jernsalem in those days heid a position such as Ebed-Tob did later on and that the new
king came todo homage when he becama king. This position, too, would be an ad- ditional reason for the tithes which Abra- ham paid him.
These letters “also give us some idea of the state of culture in Canaan in those days. We
writing had spread tere long before. We now see its literatare studied there. There was cityin what was afterwards the country of Judah called Kirjath-Sopher the “city of the scribes.” Thiscity was
Jon, scribes were kept at work copying out books. Educated people used the language ot Babylon although the common language was sometimes used. The re- ligion and art of Babylon had also tound a home in Canaan. To what a pitch of ex- cellence they had arrived in the arte may be seen trom the spoil which Thothmes III of Egypt (about 1500 B.C.) carried offfrom Canaan, We hear of chariots and tent poles overlaid with gold; of iron ar mour eni helmiets; of gold and silver rings used as money; of golden sceptrer; of tables, etc., inlaid, some with gold, others with ivory; of bowls of gold, silver and bronze. Iron seems to have been worked there very early. The Canaanites traded wi.h Babylonia, Egypt she Soudan, Cyprus Asia Minor, and eveu amber from the Baltic has been found at Lachish, mixed with remains of about 1400 or 1500 years B.C. The ships of Canaan were famous. _ For want of space I pass over the Egyp- tian conquest of Canaan. It is stfficient to say here that it became subject to Egypt partly under the native kings, partly under the Egyptian governors. At the time of the Tel-elsAmarna tablets this empire io Canaan was breaking up. Many ef the letters were sent to beg for troops which the Pharaoh could not or would not send. ' The Hittites were attacking the country
have already seen that that the Babylouian |
from the north (they were very formidable warriors as [I have already told you) and there was rebellion within.
Lachish was one of the fortresses of the eouth of Canaan. Excavations Jately made bave uncovered the walie of the old Amorite city. They were of brick and twenty nine feet thiek, bearing out remark-~ ably the report of Moses’ spies, At this city has been fonnd a bead bearing the name of the mother of Amenophis 1V to whom I bave reterred. More remarkable still a tablet was found there containing the pame of Zmrida an Egyptian governor already kvewn to us Tel-e)]- Amarna Jetters,
1 bad intended to make some reference to a curious book discovered atthe same place giving aremixhnumorous account of the travels ofan Eyyptixn in Syria and Canaen but J must myself with saying that many ofthe names of towns and villages mentioned by lim are the same as those found in the Old Testament.
I have I think shown you three things; 1. That Cannan was betore the time of Moses a compesratively civilized country and had made some progress in the arts and the knowledge of letters. 2. That the little we are told in the Bible reapecting that aze is in accordance with the records of Babylon and {|Ezypt and. 3 that at the time of the Exodus both Babylon and Egypt had c+ ased to exert any real influ. ence over the affaires of Canaan, so that the occasion was favorable for the con- quest by Israel] under Joshua.
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West Turkestan is thinly populated and has few schools, The Rysgian gov- ernment has fitted up ss schools a few railroad carriages, Which remain at each station for a few weeks. The teacher lives in the carriage. The chil- dren are reyuired to learn a lesson oF two until the itinerant school again reaches their neighborhood.
The Night Bath.
The bath before going to bed isa problem. Medical men differ as to the relative values, but all agree that sleep will be all the sweeter if the sleeper is clean. At least two hours should be given the dinner for digestion, and even then it is unfair to cut off the blood supply by stepping into even warm wa- ter. —Exchange.
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