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w. Cheater s. ma‘: Preeldcll

‘Till IIIIIIIIIIIIETIIIIN BIIIIIIIIIN

J. l. Barnett. Editor and Publisher

K. Carrie. Arrwelare hitter

Ian-lag Daily (rounded lll!!!)

‘LOO pen- year

(delivered) ll advance

u," p"- year (malted) In advance in Canola aail llalted ltntee

MONDAY, OCT. 1, 1923

THE GUARDIAN may be obta

Charlottetown:

Maritime “tatloneri. Grafton 8t. Carter A 60., Queen Street.

A. Brown, Stamp Vendor.

Railway Booketali.

Btephen Duffy, Richmond Street. J. MoKle, Grafton Street.

THE BIG FARM PROBLEM.

The biggest problem confronting the farmer is not the productiouoi crops and farm animals. This he can do with comparative case. l-le has soil and climate upon which he can unhesltatlnsly llBile-hil- "i? "i"! produce as much to the acre as any other par-t oi the continent; he can

‘raise animals which can compare

and hnve compared more than iuv orably with those raised in nny oi

our sister provinces. but. he cannot get his produce or his animals, liv- ing or rlcad. to the market without sacrificing a largo proportion oi their value. hiorcovr-i‘ the price hi: has to pay for the goods he buys is greatly increased by the cost oi transportation. Ills problem then is bow to reduce the cost oi trans-

portation both coming and going.

It is quite evident that this cost is not to be reduced by the ruli- wsys. in that case he must himself make the reduction and he can do this only by reducing the hulk of his shipments both going and com- Ing. it is bulk and weight that cost in transportation.

The bulky products oi the farm such as grain, hny and potatoes can not, at present freight rates, be shipped profitably. We have In the past several years very great- ly reduce the cost of shipping these by converting them into butter and cheese, the transportation cost of which is very much less than that of the raw material would be. Fin- ishing the product at home, feed- ing, if possible. all that grows on tip- farm, is the only remedy for high freight rates and While it can- not he applied to all our products there are many to which it can be applied. The (re-operative dalrying system has alrontly done much to reduce freight rates and can do a grcat. deal more.

in the matter m‘ buying from outside firms also much could be done ii we applied ourselves to ii. For example, every dalryman uses largo quantities of oil cake’ one of tho essential foods ior dairy cattle.

Tho farmer could uvoid this ox-

ponso by growing his own flax which is as easily grown as any oi his other crops. A few bushels oi ilaxseod would give him all the oil cake he needs. and he knows that a large proportion oi the cost of what he is now buying is ic transportation. \\':-, are buying far too murh abroad of what we could as easily Many such items might bo mention-

produce for ourselves.

od which every farmer in the coun- try knows about and the cost of which could be avoided by raising it at home.

(m, .__._........_.___

OUR WASTES.

\Vitslciuliiese is a characteristic oi the American continent. In Europe it is practically unknown. Our forefathers, they were in the old countries, to husband all their resources, to cul- tivate every inch of available land, to utilize every scrap of ‘lumber, came to a country where land was almost so free as the air, where lumber bad to bo-got rid of Iby burning,.whera there "as no need oi scrim-ping and saving: They were poor but hard work brought them everything they needed in food and clothing. Conservation was unknown, everything noceii y ior living was abundant and the only burden was to get rid oi the abundance.

We have inherited much oi this characteristic. We are still wasting land. Only a fraction oi our ierms

accustomed as

fie onltivaiod. We have destroyed ' ‘l. ,‘ , it nee oevgroe- "qlllfd: - ,..- 5., , .- . Ht .,-~-.'»~.

ined from the following apente In

P. T. Murphy, Prince Street Grocery J. P. Duffy, Queen Street.

W. C. Wright, Kent Street Woat.

R. Thomae White, 125 Elm Avenue. Wm. Dalzlel Spring Park Road. John Kennedy, Longworth Avenue.

n tree to take the place of the one we have cut down. These are the larger wastes but because oi the generous size of our farms and 11v.- still considersble quantity oi lum- ber we have not yet felt the pinch oi poverty in this direction. There are other perhaps even more serious wastes, when a farm

implement gets out oi repair. when a carriage becomes Crippled. we tscrllp them and purchase a new one. When a pair oi boots shows signs of wear we throw them away and buy a new pair, Similar- ly we treat our clothing, our or- implenianls, we keep ourselves poor by discard- whicb by

might save us many dollars in the

tiinury working and

lug things ‘repairing

run oi the year.

One oi the needs of our province particularly in the country dis- tricts, is repair shops, carpenter shops, blacksmith shops, shoe-mak- and cobbling

ins and tailoring

shops. There is scarcely a school district in the province which would not profitably maintain one 0f these establishments, profitably for the district and for the repair Our carriage shops, our Illacltsmith shops, our tailor shops, our shoemakers shops oi the olden days have all been put out oi-busl.

milli-

"968 by the larger manufacturers 0i our sister provinces, but there‘ is still a good living in any one o; m" country districts for the repair man. in our towns and in the city 0i Charlottetown It is safe to say that the repair men have gummy“ the annual cost of many o; 0m. ‘vents by hundreds. it not thousands of dollars. Similar saving could be effected in our country districts, Possibly the reason for the absence 0t‘ these is our penuriousness. we Ili-‘grlldite them a living remunera. tion for their work. we should Father entourage them. nay them generously and give them an oppor- lllhily to live. We are wasting thousands oi dollars yearly which might be saved by repairing the many thing‘! "I everyday use which we thoughllcssly throw lnw scrap heap.

the

AS TO EXPENDITURE.

in his Quebec address last week ‘Premier ‘King defended the Gov- ernment's record on expenditure on the ground that the financial state ment for August showed "a do. crease in expenditure ior the first six months oi tho ‘fiscal year oi 33,000,000." Perhaps It was Mr, Klhifs good fortune that his audit- ors were unfamiliar with the full text oi that statement. Otherwise some of them might have been T-mliletl to remind him that it also simwcdz- 1——Tbnt during‘ the month of August Canada's net debt was in- creased by $361,000 2_Th3l- Blliwndilures for August totalled $20,286,012 -—~ an increase over the some month last your oi $800,000: and 3-—Thi1t the National Debt now stands at $2,403,596,995—a perfect. Iy ei-nsltering figure, MP- Kins rays that u things go as well In the last six months of the ilscsl year as in the first six months Mr. Fielding will balance his ‘budset n ls m: as true to any that If the Government spend; m; rtcklmlv during the rest oi the year u It spent in August - the last month for which we have an Iwvuntins-Mr Fielding will not balance his budget We sincerely hope that Mr King's ‘hopes are but the facts are al-i (I we I

Notes By The Way

Poincare hoe triumphed. The German Government hee been com- pelled to abandon the policy oi pas- sive resistance. The German min- ens in the Rh-ur must return to their work The German people will have to pay up. There is no

recourse. France is to be paid re-

parations according ‘to the Treaty oi Versailles. in the ‘language oi‘ metaphor "Sho has Germany by the throat." The truth oi the proverb that "Pride goeth before a. fall and a haughty spirit before destruction" has never bad a more forcible illus- tration than that which Germany now supplies. ‘Before tbs fateful your 191i, Germany was regarded the strongest oi nations. Her pride and the haughtiness of her Kaiser and statesmen resulted in the World War. Now lies she there, and none so poor to do her rever- ence.

0n the other hand the judgment of the leading British etateemen, including Lloyd George, has been proved to be at fault. They sup- posed that Germany could not ‘be forced to come to terms. They were mistaken. ‘France and Belgium have not yet, it is true, received the reparation they demand. They have gone to great expense in their occupation oi the Rhur; and they may not ior some time to come ob- tain that which they seek. in the long nun, they might have done just as wcll—oertainly they would have shown a more Christian spirit-ii they ‘had not rejected the advice of the British diplomats, if they had permitted the trade of strick- en Europe to recuperate, while‘ Germany was given more time in which to find the money required oi her. But then, France would not ‘have had her humiliation oi‘ 1870 fully revcnged, Germany would not have been brought to her knees, and the name oi Poincare would not have been heralded throughout the world as that of the man who circumvented the wiles oi German evadens oi debt, and who obtained a substantial guarantee against anot-her German attack-aha fear that pervades France.

IPoincare, It will be remembered. was elected -Prcsident oi France in the year 1913. The constitutional seven years’ term oi President oi the French Republic expired in January, 1920. Milierand was elect- cd President in ‘his stead. The policy announced by him was that "the peace terms with Germany

were to be enforced to the letter., the Soviet Government oi Russia was, ii‘ possible, to be overthrown, and Poland was to receive military and financial aid as a useful ally oi France." This was the situa- tion when Poincare, free from the iormal restrictions oi the Presi- dency and a Senator-elect re-enter-

ed the political field oi France as a Parliamentary leader. An eminent lawyer, Poincare considered -him- cell entrusted with the task oi car- rying this policy into effect. In taking a stand on the seizure of guarantees he followed the same» procedure as he would have adopt- ed in demanding a mortgage for the security of a creditor “rho was his client. Tho ‘remonstrauces oi the allies oi France proved to be ‘of no avail. Despite every difiicul- ty in his way he organized the oc- cupation of the Rhur, and despite the stubborn passive resistance oi ‘Germany, sided by ‘Belgium, he held on to the Ithur and continu- ously straightened the hold of France upon that part oi German territory-with the result announc- ed last week.

By hie persistence he hae ea- entreogod from Franco, to some ex- tent at loaat, the friendship of Great Britain, whose trade with Europe in the course oi reconstruc- tion has been interfered WIUIi-—hl1d he has iomented the hostility oi Germany into a hitter enduring hatred that will probably eventu- nte In a war In which France may not have Great lBrltain and Italy at her side. Meantime she has ob- tained the assurance that some ar- rangement will ere long be arrived at under which the reparation due her for the terrible devastation she sustained in the Great War will inatlerializo. The outlook for an era oi pence on earth has not ‘however been brightened by the success of Poincare’; policy; and the future oi Europe and the world will continue to be a subject oi anxious interest to the people oi all civilized notions.

~ -i§..1-Q._ -—--—-<p-o>-i

The testimony is that 999 case out of 1,000 oi juvenile theft the first occasion was some ran-i or fancied Injustice eu-iferred at jhome.

The youth who iollowl his appetites 40o soon», only produces a manhood of Imibocllity and an 860 oi pairL-Goildsmith.

"Toke hold of life writers it bee ' chef-diode

ran compiler

What @8001» of your:

Bu lomee . B81 u-D OUR FUTURE VACATION

Ono oi health officers has advocated a month's holidays ior everybody.

We are all inclined to agree with hl-m. The average vacation is two weeks and if you were to have an extra week or two it would do you about three times as much good.

And yet 1 often think that we spend too much time and thought on just what we will do on our vacation, and about the ease that will be ours someday.

Some people have the idea that they will work hard while they are young or middle aged so that they'll have an “eaay" time when they grow older. They will not take time off for a vacation.

What happens?

'Well the chances are that they will not live to grow old because thev have given their bodies and minds no vacation. They have worn them out with work.

Perhaps by some chance they do attain a somewhat hilvanceil age. and are able to lay down the bur- dens oi toil.

What happens?

Well. the old saying was never truer, "You rust out. quicker than you wear out."

These people have no employ- ment oi mind or body. And re- member that the mind must have employment as well as the body,- nr we decay rapidly. And so as they settle Into their ‘life of ease. with no thought except eating and sleeping, trouble starts,

lit may be indigestion from an indulgence In rich foods, with no exercise to burn them up.

Perhaps it is a very stagnation oi mind that is the cause of their undoing.

And so to come back to vacation The sane thing for every man and woman is to t.ry and maintain Iiealth o1‘ body and mind, by the annual vacation. -

‘Perhaps the daily vacation will come in some day.

And what is that

Simply that every day you take some physical and lmental exer- cise, that will be different from your daily work.

it will keep you young.

i Daily

00-00004-060-

Selections g F95

Guardian Readers

OO-O~OQ'.@§

l WHEN THE FOREST MOURNS

Summer is leaving valley and plain The cool autumn moon rides her vast domain,

Draping the hills, where the map ics grow, in tintls like glow.

tho sunsoifs after-

Frcsting the flowens, the stubble, the grass, ' T-umbling the leaves brown mass. Over the earth, so the fluttering doe

May hear the footfail oi her aut- umn foo '

in a dead

l-‘or the hunter is off on the long winding trail

Oi the fleet-footed deer and the whirring quail.

The world is Dorgotten, and time is not.

Where he waits at the cross tl'8.II-—_ a lucky spot.

No echo oi warning or scent on the wind,

Chocks the onward rush oi tho racing hind;

A stagger, a stumble, a tiny bleat;

And "life, and death, at the cross trail meet.

\ The sun sinks low, the leaves llo still: A lonely doe leaps over the hill; The forest weeps, little wood things quiver;

Giver.

Sault Ste Marie, Ont. —M. E. Downcy.

B0y’s Life-Hold

(By ‘Dominion News Service)

LONDON, Sept. 30.-——The dis- covery of a youth hanging on the iront oi the engine was made the driver oi a London Midland, and Scottish Railway collier truln just after it had passed Fisher crossing while travelling between Annosley and Kirkby, Notting- hamsbire.

The driver pulled up the train about 10 yards farther on and

ly smashed bicycle beside him. He was placed in the guard's van and taken to Mansfield Hospital. where he was found to be In a

his skull fractured and his left leg broken In two places.

Douglas Wigbtmob. a 16-year-old

and a brother oi Herold Wight-

it is not know wlfether he was bushing or riding the bicycle at the time oi the accident. but his presence of mind after being

the engine, but was holding‘ on and , till conscious wimftim

our mosh outstanding

As the lliio oi a deer return to the

0n Moving Train

by

found the youth, clinging to a bad-

critical condition with the base oi

» lie has been Identified as Victor kineme operator. of East Kirkby,

man, the Derby County footballer.

severely Injured was remark-able 543 Aglgflderg He was not merely on the front oi

Ruined Russians Smile at Worldfs Rough Hand

(United Preu)

LOS ANGELES, Sept. 28.-Bulid- lug new American carcors out oi the wreckage of prosperity wiped out in the Russian revolution is a task optimistically undertaken by iormer subjects oi Czar Nicholas who have found themselves strand- ed in Los Angeles, according to Ei- Izabeth Bcglnrofi. Russian Secre- tary oi the international institute of the Young Women's Christian Association. -

There is tragedy and pathos, says Miss Beglarofi. In the fre- quency with which "well educated, refined and-talented Russians of noble birth have found all occupa- tions closed to them but those oi menial sort. Some, however, are more fortunate. For instance, there is s. former military officer who hos found success as n college In- structor In mathematics. Another, a ormer general in Kolchak's ar- m , conducts a school for Russian- American children, but a third of- ficer oi high rank, an aristocrat of the old regime’ is unable to find even menial work. His wIf_e packs cosmetics in a locul factory.

A former count, after serving as n chauffeur ior a. wealthy fam- ily. lately acquired enough capital to buy a taxicab of his own. Anoth- er refugee oi noble lineage works as a lineman for u power company, while a iormer military leader un- der the Romanoffs earns his liv- ing as a factory hand.

Despite the heart-aches attach- ed to such reversals oi fortune, Miss Boiflarofi says these refugees frequently exhibit a chcorfulness that is surprising. In tho words of a former statesman under Kercns- ky, who is now working hero as an electrician, "All happens for the best Ina man's life."

_?_@-oo-_._.__ ROARING PLANES ENCIRCLE LONDON'S BUSY AIRDROME

(Associated Press.) LONDON, Sept. 2S.-i<‘or the first time since its creation many Londoners who stayed in town on bank-holiday discovered London's great air-port at Croydon, and were duly surprised to iind it very like a main-lino railway station.

There is a. level crossing near the entrahcc where a ilagman holds up the road traffic while big liandley- Page and other planes roar across the roadway prior to leaving earth for Paris, Rotterdam, Cologne or Hamburg. Once past the flagman. the visitor comes to a compact vil- lage in which headquarters oi vari- ous air services are situated round an up-to-dute hotel, adjacent to a post ofilce, meteorological office. air administrative headquarters and customs establishment.

| Enormous charts are set up on Iwhich the progress of various ser- Ivicos are flagged by an ofllclal who [is in constant wireless touch with iplanes on their way to and from various capitals. Should any par- ticular planc be arriving late, it Is ordered to wtvit and taxi around an! til an outgoing liner is clear, and so avoid risk of collision.

On the ground there is a rush oi’ porters and Interpreters to moot incoming and outgoing planes. Af- ter being in the hoavons several hours, conditions, on alightInl-‘Z. are

station. +04.‘ LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO GET

CASE OF OAYUGA INDIANS

(Associated Press.)

LONDON, Sept. 2R.—Deskaheb, chief oi the Cayuga North Ameri- can Indians who is now ln London, carries with him In ‘.1 much-used tin cover in his hip pocket a vory precious document. lt is the orig- inal Treaty oi Alliance of 178-1. be- tween Klng George lll and the Six Nations of the Iroquois. by which the latter were promised iudcpontl- ence with British protection. The chief has, besides several trunks full of documents which he is taking to Geneva, when ho goes to put before tho League oi‘ Na- tions tho case of the SIx‘Natious. Doskaheh was elected live years ago. and is still chief. Two yours ago his people sent him to England to bring before tho imperial Gov- ernment gricvanccs against the Dominion of Canada. which he says was seeking to impose Dom- Inion rule on them.

"The Dominion Government has sent its soldiers Into our territory. thrown our people into Canadian prisons, and taken ,ossession oi

London reporter. "My people had to sell their possessions In order to send me over here, because the Canadian indian Ofllce refused to allow them money which is theirs by right.

“But the British Government," he continued, "refused to accept re- sponsibility or to promise protec- tion. Your colonial secretsry re- ferred me back to the very people who are oppressing us. This treaty," tapping the case In his pocket, "is being treated like a scrap oi paper.

“Tflat is why I must go to the League oi Nations. i have no alter- native. We are Red Indians. We are willing to remain allies of the British. .We sent men to fight on your side in the Great War." —Z-<e->--—- HARD TIMES IN SWEDEN ' TiURN MANY TOWARD U. B.