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A G R l C U L T U R E.

saisr mn’rs roa serous wonx.

Select seed wheat from that which grew in the most pro- ductive parts of? the field-endeavour to obtain the largest Iced, and sow none other—this, if practised in yearly suc- cession, will greatly improve the variety.

Sow none but clean seed—for farmers may as well raise wheat as to raise weeds.

Chess may be separated from seed wheat by a good fann- ing mill. It may also by using brine—if the brine is too strong, so that good plump wheat will not sink in it, dilute it with water until it will; and the chess and light imperfect grains will float, and may be kimmed 03'. Then empty the wheat intoa basket set on a tub or barrel, and the brine wdl. run through into it for further use. Both these methods of

- cleaning wheat may be combined to advantage.

Picking the largest heads by band is a slow but very thorough way, and more particularly beneficial where crops are sown expressly. for seed.

Smut in wheat crops is perpetuated by the dust of the smut adhering to the seed. It may be prevented by .Bteep‘ ingtbe seed twenty-four hours in ley, or a mixture of freSh - ' e and water made of halfa pound ofthe former to one llon ofthe latter. This is certain prevention. Care should taken that seed is not rendered foul by putting it in lmutty bags, or those where smutty wheat has been kept.

The quantity of wheat sowed to the acre should be from five peeks to two bushels, varying With the time of sowmg, and with the size of the grains ofseed. Early sown wheat ghould be in less quantity than late; and wheat with small amine should be in less quantity than large, because there are mornlof them to a bushel. _ _

Wheat sown about the time or after the first frost Wlll es- cape in a great measure the Hessian fly. Where the fly is not destructive it should be sown early.

Furrow drains should be cut by passing the plough three or four times through the same furrow, and they should be made through all low parts of the field. They should be well cleared of loose earth by means ofa shovel or hoe, so

as to admit the surfiice water in wet seasons to pass freely 03?

'Grain fed to hogs should always, if possible, be first groind to meal. _ .

' Considerable advantage is derived from feeding cooked food (steamed or boiled) to hogs, and it should always be

a practised when the number is sufficient to warrant the oration of proper apparatus for it.

Cooked food for flattening cattle is oflittle advantage, and commonly not worth the trouble. '

Advantage is generally derived from using muted food for domestic animals. _

Straw may always be of great use to the farmer in many Ways, and is well worth preserving. The followmg method .of securing it is given by a correspondent of the Genesee Far- tner in a former volume. “ Prevmus to thrashing, 1 go to a hay stack, and twist a quantity of'linnds from 6 to 10 feet long, which are placed at the barn door, and when the straw is raked to the door, two men take a band, and stretch it over the bundle of straw, then run each a hand under it, and

turn it over endwise when one of them fastens the band, and the other prepares another band. In that manner two men will bind as fast as the swiftest machine will thrash, and the straw is stacked as securely as wheat, and in one-fourth of the time required when not bound.” When wanted, it may be afterwards removed with far less labor than when stack- .ed without binding.

Fruit trees may be removed and transplanted after the first of October. Most farmers who transplant fi'uit trees suffer a great loss by not doing the work well. The princi- pal care needed is,jirst, to dig the holes large, say six feet across, and fifteen or eighteen inches deep ; secondly, to pre- serve, carefully, the roots as entire and’ uninjured as pos- sible, and not to suffer them to become dry out of the ground ; and thirdly, to fill the hole with finely pulverized rich earth, (not’manure,) shaking it in, in small quantities, and packing it closely but gently about the roots, so as to leave them in their natural position in the soil. The whole expense of this would not be more than half the price of the tree, and in five years it would be three times the size which it would be if transplanted by the common way of digging small holes and doing the work hastily and imper- fiectly.-— Genesee Farmer.

iiipnovailnnr. ‘ Farmers should aim at constantly improving the soil oftheir farms—they should study the existing defects, and endea- vour, as fast as circumstances will permit, to remedy them; —if' their land is too wet, they should drnin it,—if' too stiff andclayey they should apply loosening manures,—if light and sterile, they should make use of green crops of clover as manure, with plaster, and limc,—-ifsour, (generally indi- cated by the growth of sorrel, broom grass, or scrub pines,) they should apply lime or marl z—mid in all cases they should apply all the enriching manurc they can possibly ob- tain, for good farming, and the application of manure, are inseparable. They will thus not only increase their capital by the increased products oftbeir farms every year, but they will do it by the constantly augmenting value of their land ; their profits will be twofold, and in their increase mutually accelerate each other.-1b.

SIBERIAN case.

There are few kinds off'ruit trees which are greater bear- ers, produce more elegant flowers, or make a finer display of handsome and valuable fruit, than the apple tree called the Siberian Crab Apple. But a little larger than agood sized cherry, the beautiful rich red fruit on its long stem hangs most tomptingly, but is unmolested by the birds, which seem at first to regard it with evident longing. When fit to gather,~ the fruit is far from having an unplea- nut taste, being destitute of the bitter flavour that charac- terizes the common crab of'tliis country. The taste is a clear pleasant sour, and the fruit makes one ofthe most de- licate. preserves with which we are acquainted. The red Sibenan at present demands a high price in the market, and Will probably maintain it for some time to come. It is one 9“ the fascist ll'llllfi t0 Propagate, either by grafting or by inoculation, and as the time for the latter operation is up- pzoaching, weladyise those ofour farmers who wish for a

_autiful acquismon to their fruit gardens, to introduce the Siberian without fail.—1b.

ASCENDANCY OF GREAT BRITAIN. CONDITIONS or THE POLITICAL ascnxnancr or NATIONS.

What was our political condition only a century ago? The great powers which divided the empire of the world did not reckon us among them. The total number of British subjects, including those of all our dependencies, did not exceed 13,000,000. 'What is our number now ? Upwards of 152,- 900,000, which is more than a sixth portion of the human race—considerably more than the population of the ancient _Roman empire, nearly double that ofthe nations now sub- ject to Mahomedan rulers, and greatly exceeding the number ofthose who acknowledge the supremacy of the Pope. In order to this, we have been permitted to succeed to the pos- sessions of Holland and Portugal in India—to the empire of the Mahotnedan sovereigns of‘lndia—to the commercial as- cendancy of the Venetians in the Levant—to a political and moral ascendancy more nearly approaching to universal em- pire than probably of any other nation of which we read in the pages of history. But why? The believer in revelation has but one reply. Why was each of the great nations of antiquity made in succession the leader ofthe world? Whv, but that it might answer some specific moral purpose, co}- responding with its advantages and obligations? But fail- ing to fulfil its high vocation, there came forth the likeness of'a man’s hand, and wrote the doom of each, and gave its power to another.

“When do you expect that your nation will recover its power in India P” said an Englishman to a Portuguese priest of Goa, soon after the power of Portugal, in ludia, had been overthrown. The priest replied, “As soon as the wicked- ness of your_nation shall exceed that of ours.” We hold India by the imperative condition, that we subserve the de- signs of Prov1dence respecting it; let that condition 'be vio- latedrand the possession ceases with the infraction. Our ascendancy and advantages are so many talents of mighty yard], and He who ha conferred them has done so with

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deep calculation, and for a special end. They constitute Britain the centre, around which, at this time, revolve the hopes and destinies of man. But whatever the Nation is, it IS for the Church. The military conquests of the former have been permitted only for the peaceful achievements of the latter. Territorial enlargements and political influence have been given us only to prepare the way and create 8 sphere for our missionary efforts. But who can measure the largcness of that sphere, count up the population which ll contains, and remember that our opportunity for gwmg them the Gospel is only for an appointed time, without feeling that for the Church to lose a moment, or neglect an opportunity for saving them, is treachery to itself; murderous cruelty to them, and trifling with God? And the call for this unremitting concern becomes more urgent from the filf’b that as a nation, we have obtained much of'our political in- fluence over them by an energy ofapplication to our object, in which treasures and lives by hundreds and thousands have been treated as the small dust of the balance. Shall less energy be exhibited by the Church Militant in claiming them as the subjects oinm who is King of kings, and Lord of lords? .

And still further is this demand on our devotedness in- creased by the f'iict, tliata very large pertiou of the heathell of whom we speak, not only ascribe our mutual position to an invisible hand, but lire actually ready to place themselves as disciples at our feet. Hundreds of thousands of them may be said to be standing at this moment on the threshold ofthe temple ofidolatry, ready to quit it forever. Shall we call them into the Church of Christ, or shall we remand them back to rekindle the fires oftheir Molocli, and to rebuild the altars of their demon worship? Multitudes of them are standing at the gates ofthe Christian Church; the hand of Providence has directed them there—they bring with them signs front heaven that He has sent them, and that He expects us to receive and to instruct them. Are we ready to make the sacrifices which the occasion requires? At all events, if we persist in neglecting them, let us plainly avOW the reason. Before we finally dismiss them to destruction, let us by public manifesto, or otherwise, exculpate Chris- tianity, and blame the only guilty cause, by telling them “your conversion to the Christian fiiith is an object of the highest importance. To effect it, would greatly augment our heavenly happiness, secure infinite blessedness to you, and bring to God everlasting. glorr. As far as our instru- mentality is necessary, the means are all in our possession. But we cannot furnish them without abridgng our self-im dnlgence ; and as this requires more love for your souls and regard for the authority of Christ than we possess, we see no alternative but that of' leaving you to perish.” Now, startling as such language may snem, by what other terms can we excuse ourselves from entire devotedness to their salvation ?—The Great Commission, by Dr. Harris.

Tns SUI/PAN or lHUSCAT.--' ‘he envoy from the lmanm, or more properly the Sultan of' Muscat, to England, has in addition to the Arab horses, conveyed from his sovereign some ofthe richest eastern shawls, and the rarest perfume, as presents to the Queen. The envoy is a man of'very con- siderable attainments, and excellent understanding, and is an experienced diplornatist. He is accompanied by an Arab secretary, who converscs perfectly in English. A few days ago the envoy was formally introduced to Her Majesty, and had the honor of subsequently dining at the royal table, when the Queen were one ofthe costly shawls he had pre sented to Her Majesty. The Envoy was seated near the Queen, between the King ofthe Belgians and Lord Aberdeen. Her Majesty frequently addressed herself to him, and completely won the heart ofthe old Arab states- man by her afliihility and coudescension. The Envoy was in ruptures witli the Queen’s personal charms, and express- ed an opinion that his master would greatly admire our Gracious Sovereign. The mission of the Envoy to this country is directed towards the attainment of an object of importance to the Sultan of Muscat, who is desirous to wit- ness the extension of British commerce both with his Ara- bian and African dominions. The Envoy is exceedingly popular in.society, and is delighted with his visitito Eng-i land.—London~Herald, July 19. ,4 -

uicle of the lStli June, gives an account of one of the most singular captures, made ofl'the coast of Scotland, *that we ever remember to have read. It beats Baron Muncbnusen’s whale ex'ploring expedition, and the great Sen Serpent story, all hollow, and with this advantage—that it is true, as the particulars ofthe capture and investigation plainly show. The paper iii question states that there was caught on the 15th of June, ofi‘the Island of' May, in the turbot nets, a shark measuring five feet one inch in length, and weighing about four stone; in the month there are six rows of teeth. It was purchased by Messrs. George Dickson 6L Co., of DundaS-street, and on cutting it up, in order to preserve it, they found in its stomach a small tin canister, containing a seal with a beautifully engraved Roman head, thirty-four coins, consisting of British, (Charles 11. and George II.) French,Dutcb, Roman, Brazilian, Hindostan, and others apparently Chinese or East India coins, bill so old as to he undeciphei-able; also an old map of Scotland, engraved by Jeffrey, in which some ofthe towns are spelt thus: Sterling, Moutross, Dans, Aire, &c. &c., a portion ofthe Edinburgh Evening Courant, hearing date Monday, Sept. 9th, 181], in which were wrapped two ofthe coins,

(silver) one of'them is of Charles the 11. ot the year 1671, and is in excellent preservation, and n piece ofthe Courier of date May 10th, 1811, in which the seal was wrapped.

A COINCIDENCE.—A correspondent has sent us the follow— ing dates, in relation to events in French history, which have excited seine alarm among the credulous :—

1794 Fall of Robespierre.

To which add 1794, gives 1815. Full of Napoleon. To which add 1815, gives 1830. Fall ofChiii-les X. 3 To which add 1830, gives 1842. \ 184% Death of the Due d’ Orleans.

2 To which add 1842, gives 1857.

2)

1857 ?

TEXAS.

FROM Texas—Galveston dates to the 27th ult. have been received from New Orleans. Congress adjourned on the 23d. An act was passcd authorizing offensive war against Mexico; but it was vetoed by President Houston on the ground that the Republic had not means to carry oil such a war, and that Congress had no authority under the Consti- tution for such a measure. It is said, however, that the Veto is merely a rage, to deceive the Mexicans; for active pre- parations are still going on, the squadron has been sent to sea, and Congress has made ample appropriations for its outfit and support. A bill, authorizing the President to sell or mortgage 400,000 acres ofthe Cherokee lands will tend to raise the credit of Texas. A bill to regulate the, collection of duties, and to receive specie or its equivalent iii exchequer bills, is of great importance.

CANADA.

W0 3"" excee‘lihgly sorry ‘0 hear that a great deal of dis- tress of the severest_ kind exists at the present moment in the Eastern Townships, amongst a number of Scotch fami- lies who settled last fall in Lingwick and Gould. A corres- pendent of the Sherbrooke Gazette states them to be “in a state of'ansoLu'rn STARVATION.”—Courier.

The Plausburg Republican of the 13th inst. contains a long

.also spoke ofliis probable re

GREATEST Fisn STORY Exran'r.—The Edinburgh Chro- _

the citizens of Plattsburg

8090"“ 0f“ pumic dinner given by s removal from

to Dr. VVou‘itEn NELSON, on thp occasion of'hi t side at Montrea . sed thgolllafi?B(-)ll1eCNEIL presided. '(Il‘h‘z ciangatgoaa; :3::; ho ' ’ - . t n r. . by the Piecident, Di. Nelson,tr‘i”n to canada.

' ' to Dr. Nelson during his reSIdence at PlattSburE.?pu[::a;: he haVe made liiinself'as popular among the inhlar; 116 unfor- was at his former residence at St. Denis, w e

tunately acted a conspicuous part in the troubles wlnch have

' ' da. done 50 "Web '"Jllry to cam}... ' 837 and 1838 have Most ofthe extles oi- elnlblalllSle ‘Tmh ruined “huma-

- ‘l d or are returning to Cami I ngiaei'e no doubt but by they; lie 'Wel'e more unfortunate a z , . _ ‘ ieniince every thing tending to stir up [)lelldlttJetsoflvfilglefilése’ sious among the people,land moogfiggflt lesol‘

' - ‘ - - men is t. 0tSilifihiionml’rifislb‘lxvifnsr—We least} the; Fhandtjggmpéul

'te the first of' whom hasa wre an eeven -, 33's.; second a wife and one chdd, in Callfldél, havzsftfagxg. ed their escape from Van Diemauis Land, on realtizve fami- chester, N. Y., n day’s journey_ from their reapech the es- lies. They left their island prison two (lay?f eto n from cape of Gremmell; secreted themselves e cc 1'18 “3;” the every search among the fastnesscs ofa (tlStant‘lSnZs How coast, fortified with more than two weeks provASI I .ler and they contrived to get on board a New Englanl in“ {hem where, is not stated; but it is certain that she )IOltlg I Since safely to New England. Mrs. Waite, a yeai or Ville [ u , set off for London, topetition the Queen to restore ierLi band to her. it is said the Queen was Willing, but 0it Melbourne thought it unsafe to comply With liei reqiies . Chandler and Waite ' were ordered for execution in August, 1838, but their wivestook a journey to Quebec, and (tibial:- ed an audience of Lord Durham, and an order to Sir enige Arthur, staying the execution, W? trust they Willgrown down every attempt at revwmg the border troubles. con- vention, consisting ofMajor Handy and others, has asseiiili bled at Cleveland, to deliberate on an invasmn, but it WI end in smoke. The Canadian Government is, at length,

' ' 0' ' " ' 's of conciliation. , pmsumg a jiidiCious cool e QUEBEC, Aug. 15'

TRXBUTE 'ro Maura—A deputation, consisting of the fol- lowing gentlemen, Mr. Laiigeviii, Mr. Murray, Mr. Curry, Mr. Graingel', arid Mr. llIackuinon‘gpu behalf of thepasseii- gers on board the steamer Unico- - on her first trip from Halifax to Quebec this spring, 1 mad to-day on Captain \VALTER Douoaas, to presei ‘_ m With a Silver Speaking Trumpet, as a testimony to 'very___mast_erly management of the vessel in coming throu the ice With which do'e'Gut of Canso and Gulf of St. 1. Spring. Too much praise. on Douglas, for his exertions in 1 some lunch was provided on boa. tation. The accompanying iiiscri the trumpet:

“ Presented to Captain WALTE Unicorn, as a small token of their :7 passengers, on his first trip from I “ 1842, during which great skill aiid ju in getting through the ice in the Gut a St. Lawrence—13m August.”

V ‘ Aug- 97- A NOVEL Vist'ron.—-The American steamed or, Dunn, from. Boston, bound to Constantinople, to ply tow boat

on the Dardauelles, from the Adriatic to the ' put into Pictou yesterday morning, to repair so . done to her boilers. She previously called at Hali the same purpose, but it being ascertained that the da could be repaired with much greater facility at Pictou, , accordingly proceeded hither—accomplishing the passage in 36 hours. She is now at the Loading Ground Wharf and will require to remain a week to get her boilers suffici- ently repaired. She is rather an old boat, and was formerly employed in running between Boston and Bangor. This steam expedition is a specimen of Yankee enterprise.—Pres- bylerian‘ Banner.

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SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1842.

The Royal Mail Steamship CALEDONIA arrived at Halifax on Wednesday last, briugfm London and Liverpool papers to the 191h ult. The Stcllf el‘S't‘r’Gsonon having encoun— tered very boisterous weather on ber‘ldte trip to Miramiclii, did not get back to this Port until 6 o’clock.§n\'Tbui-sday evening, consequently the Mail brought out by"the10"it.nu poms did not reach us until late last eve ' g. But for this detention, it would have arrived here in gilt: more than 24' hours after its receipt in Halifax. ” ,

We subjoin a few of the most important items of intel,li-' geuce—our limited time and space necessarily compelling us to be brief:—

A series of’alarming riots have broken out in the'fatianu- facturing and mining districts of England and Scotlaljd. '

At Manchester, the rioters were frequently disperSed by the military, but re-assembled and succeeded in stopping all the works in Manchesterand Stillb'l‘d. Thence they extended their incursions to Stockport, Macclesfield, Glossop, Tili- twistle, Heywood, Middleton, Old ham, Rochdale, Bury, Bol- ton, Chorley, Blackburn, Clitheroe, Burnley, Preston, Wigan, and all the surrounding towns where the population was great or manufactories existed, causing one universal and wide-spread insurrection, whilst a similar course was 'pur- sued. by the colliers in the Stafi'ordshire Potteries and at Glasgow.