an 43

f . when, calved, give her warm drink for the first two days ; if she does not clean, give her a bucket of warm‘ water, in which We wood ashes have been put ; card her ently during the winter, till near the time “her calving, then cease. Keep no more l,,,,,.sthan you can feed plentifully, both [inter and summer. Rich pastures in ,ummer, will afford an abundance of milk rbutter and cheese ; and good keeping in winter, will give you fat calves in the wring, Farrow com should have corn as sell as good hay, or milking them for twelve months will render them very thin and poor, In very hot weather, cows should be watered three times in a day, and laced in shady pastures. Farmers should ear it in mind, that afarrow cow is not

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which calves annually. ’

Cvons, should be‘ cut in February, or in March, and may be stuck in moist mud, or in clay. They will keep two or three months ; but I prefer those taken immedi- itely from the tree. Avoid suckers.

BAan ground should be ploughed twice, or three' times; sowed early ; two bushels to one acre ; ploughed in immedi- ately after sowing—no grain is harder to iprout, and none requires more ripening in the field.

APPLES, for winter, should be gathered by hand—first of October—middle of the day, when fair and dry weather—-spread thin on a chamber floor, till late in Novem- her, then barrelled up, and put in a cool place in a cellar. ,

AUTUMN. In this season cart out your summer dung ; and plough all your land to be seeded the next spring. the plough- ing at this time will answer for one in the spring, when your teem is feeble, and save spring labor, which is very precious.

CABBAGES require moist, rich land The later taken up the better, in a dry and win- dy day—set them heads dotvn, till carried into the Collar. and then heads up, and close together, where they may have a lit- tle frost—warmth, s00n destroys them.

CALV‘ES for veil, should be kept fr0m the cow—suck only two tits the first week, three the second, and the whole after the two following weeks, then kill them. Those to be reared, should come as early as April; have more or less milk for ten or twelve weeks. After the first fortnight, mixin skimmed milk or hay tea, or meal and wa- ter. ‘Vhen they are a month old, place same sweet hay in cleft sticks, and they will soon learn to eat it. As soon as grass is grown, turn them out-«give them milk and water for a few days, and house them for a few nights ; they should be housed early in the fall and kept warm in the win- ter.

Sara Gunssmn. A real Yankee, who never intended to err in guessing, being in-

THE BRITISH AMERICAN.

guired of by his neighbor, as he was pass- mg a farm-yard, how much a certain ox

“ Well, I don’t know entirely, [guess he’ll weigh 13, 14, 15,! 1‘6, [7, 18 hundred, somewhere along there, no great differ- ence from that any way.” . . From the Penn. Advocate. EXPANSION or souns BY near.

The general and comparative expansion of solids by heat is exemplified in the fol- lowing cases :--- ‘

A cannon ball, when heated, cannot be made to enter an opening, through which,- when cold. it passes readily.

A glass stopper sticking fast in the neck ofa bottle often may be released by sur- rounding the neck with a cloth taken out of warm water—or by emersing the bottle in the water up to the neck : the binding ring is thus heated and expanded sooner than the stopper, and so becomes slack or loose upon it.

Pipes for Conveying hot water, steam, hot air, fee. if ofconsiderable length, must have joinings that allow a degree of short- ening and lengthening, otherwise a change of temperature may destroy them. An in- competent person undertook to warm a large manufactory by steam from one boil- er. Iie laid a rigid main pipe along a pas- sage, and opened lateral branches through holes into the several apartments, but on his first admitting the steam, the expansion of the main pipgtorq it away from all its branches. ‘ g

In an iron railing. agate which during a cold day may be loose, and easily shut or opened, in a warm day may stick, owing to there being greater expansion of it and of the neighboring railing, than ofthe earth on which they are placed. Thus also, the centre of the arch of an iron bridge is high- erin warm than in cold weather; while on the contrary, in a suspension or chain bridge, the centre is lowered.

The iron pillars now so much used to suppcrt the front walls of which the ground stories serve as shops, with spacious win- dows, in warm weather really lift up the

weather allow it again to sink or subside, in a degree considerably greater than if the wall were brick from top to bottom.

In some situations, (as lately was seen in the beautiful steeple of Bow church, in London.) where the stones of a building are held together by clamps or bars of iron, with their end bent into them, the expansion in summer of these clamps will force the stones apart sufficiently for dust or sandy particles to lodge between them: and then. on the return stones not being at liberty to close as be- fore, will cause the ends of the shortened clamps to be drawn out, and the effect in- creasing with each revolving year, the

,structure will at last he loosened and may fall.

would weigh, that stood near, answered-4's,

wall which rests upon them, and in cold,

of winter, the_

"i‘-m

337 -'

The pitch of a piano-forte or harp is low- ered in a warm day or in a warm room, em ' ing to the expansions of the strings being

greater than of the wooden frame-work ;

and in cold, the reverse will happen. A harp or piano, which is well tuned in a morning drawing-room, cannot be perfect- ly in tune when the crowded evening party has heated the room.

Bell-wires too slack in summer, may be of the proper length in winter. ‘

Hus-rs 'ro Houscwrvns. Vessel-intend- ed to contain liquid of a higher tempera- ture than the surrounding medium, and to keep that liquid as long as possible at the highest temperature, should be constructed of materials which -are the worst radiators of heat. Thus, tea-urns, and tea-pots are best adapted for their purpose when con- structed of polished metal, and worst when constructed of black porcelain. A black porcelain tea-pot is the worst conceivable material for that vessel, for both its mate- rial and color are good radiators of heat, and the liquid contained in it, cools with the greatest possible rapidity. On the o- ther hand, a bright metal tea-,pot is best adapted for the purpose. because it is the worst radiator of heat, and therefore cools as slowly as possible. A polished silver or brass tea-urn is better adapted to retain the heat of the water than one of a dull brown color, such as is most commonly used. A‘ tin kettle retains the heat of wa- ter boiled in it more effectually, if it be kept clean and polished, than ifit be al- lowed to collect the smoke and . soot'to which it is exposed fr0m the action of the fire. When coated with this, its su'rface becomes rough and black, and is a power- ful radiator of heat. A set of polished firev irons may remain a long time in front of-a hot fire, without receiving from it any in- crease of temperature beyond that of the chainber, because the heat radiated by the fire is all reflected by the polished surface ofthe irons, and none of it is absorbed ; but ifa set of rough, unpolished irons,were similarly placed, they would become speedily so hot, that'they could not be used‘ withoutinconvenience! The polish of fire irons is, therefore, not merely a matter of ornament, but of use and convenience.— The rough,'u'npolished poker, sometimes used in a kitchen, becomes speedily so hot that it cannot «.be held without pain. A close stove intended to warm an apartment, should not have a polished surface, for in that case, it is one of the worst radiators of heat, and nothing opuld be contrived less fit for the purpose to which it is applied. On the other hand, a rough unpolished surface of cast iron, is favorable to rqdi?‘ tion, and a fire in such a stove will alwgt produce a most powerful effect—:Cabzmt Cyclopridi a—Dr. Lardneron lleqt.

CATTLE. If you must pinch them, do it in the beginning, rather than in the close