7 T

Agricultural llews

P.l:.I.Departmeatof Agriculture

may randaneniak (4)

lg the fourth in a series ,1-ticles dealing with the Nut- fwt mm; needed for the use 1 D."-Y Cattle. " ONIEIUM. A condition grass

.. to occur in d "W .."'2.'13a.uu with it 11?; " M' uni. This mineral is

of

1 necessary for normal bone mtziin. However. the feedinl of M39 amountsycauses a losshof "mum from the body and is t us

berm

stion probably urriee In war smotlnt without addition- ” mpplemeritation. However, some soils need water w,u.,ie magnesium in a fertilizer to produce good crop yields. 1,, 1, possible that cattle-fed mugmges grown on such soils would be benefited by Mlknelium supplel'neI1I.&I3IOI'l.

MANGANESE. Numerous soils have been known to need Man-

nm fertulsation for proper pm; growth and chlorophyll formatlon. Manganese is known to be effective in nreventins alip- ped iendons in poultry. It is es- sential for normal blood formation. Lilrr other animals, cattle require Mgnganue. The actual amounts needed or the possibilities of I deliciency in normal rations have not been determined.

IODINE though needed in only small amounts, it is an essential mineral. Without it Ooiter or Big Neck results in calves. It is not felt that this presents any prob- lem in this Provinces

COBALT. This mineral though needed in only a very small amount, is essential for normal health and normal blood forme- lion. without it anemia develops due to failure of hemoglobin forma- tion. Deflclences of cobalt have been shown only in cattle and other animals such as sheep and goals uhich have a. rumen. It is believed by some people that co- bait may be related to optimum development of bacteria and bec- terlii action in the first stomach.

The symptoms of cobalt defici- ency in cattle occur most frequent- ly Ill young stock and are char- acterized by a poor appetite start- mg with the refusal of grain, then illage, and sometimes even hay

and water. Constlpaticn usually develops - sometimes diarrhea. The rear flank becomes "tucked

up", the hair is dull and the hide thick and tight. Also, it is consid- ied by some workers that it plays I major role in certain types of ace- lonemia. However. this is found in be ii variable factor and then somcumes observed in conjunction with lowered phosphorous utilisa- lloll

Cobalt can most satisfactorily be administered carefully. mixed eith- er in the concentrate ration or salt and it also can be administ- ered by mouth.

IRON and COPPER. These minerals are also needed in small amounts and are essential for normal blood formation. Iron is

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Going

TUESDAY J WNESDAY SEPT. 14-15; 001'. 19-20 To

MONTREAL, OTTAWA,

or '.l0RON'l0 From All Stations In Marl- time-. Quebec (Msbpedlri and East including Gaspc Line) I: Newfoundland,

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Day Coaches Only Bllxtge Checked No stopovers PLAN you ran N0l'.' For Full Information Consult Nearest Agent CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS

Inlrtoftha liensoglobinortbe red coloring matter of blood cells. It is difficult to differentiate an iron deficiency from a cobalt de- ficlency.

00mm. while not a part hemoglobin. is necensry in way for its formation.

Thar are a number of other miners essential for dairy cattle, but the snail likelihood of their deficiency and our limited know- ledge concerning them does not warrant their further discussion at

me.

of some

ful, It hid been believed thlt mu "

cleanliness of Milk and cream

when milk and cream comes in contact with anything that is un- clean whether it is the cow, the milker. the stable air or the milk utensils it is detriment to its qual- ity. Damage to milk also may re- sult from absorbing objectionable flavors and odors or from con- tamination with undesinble bac- teria. in most cases the product suffers from both causes. It is, therefore, of the greatsst import- ance to produce milk and cream with due regard to cleanliness and sanitation.

The barnyard should be kept dry and free from manure so that the cows are not compelled to wade deep in barnyard mud before they enter the stable. The stable must be kept free from abnormal ac- cumulation of dirt and manure. The manure must be removed at least once daily. The bedding must be kept clean and the stable suf. Iiclently ventilated to eliminate strong animal and manure odors. The walls and ceiling should be swept clean at least once 3 year and coated with lime. There should be no dust or odor in the stable air at milking time either from feeds or from sweeping.

The milker should have n guf. ficient sense of cleanliness to milk with clean dry hands and to pro- tect the mllk from s contamination with dust, dirt and other impur- ities. His idea of sanitation and cleanliness largely controls the presence or absence of contamina- tion at milking time.

The utensils must be clean and as nearly sterile as possible. To accomplish this all pails. dippers, strainers, coolers, cans etc. should be rinsed with luke warm water, washed with hot water and a little washing soda. using a brush. not a cloth and scalded with boiling hot water or steam if steam is available.

Cows must be kept clean. The surest way to keep their udder and flanks clean and free from filth and manure is to provide a clean, dry yard. and clean bedding in the stable. Udder and flanks should be wiped off with a clean, damp cloth before milking commences. The curring of the cows should be done after, not before milk- ing.

To many separators in this Province are kept in stables and other unsanitary places. It is neturauy e. cousctor of many im- purities contained in the milk. These impurities are found in the separator slime which is deposited on the wall between the intemsl wiitrivances of the bowl. The sep- arstor slime consists of viscous, ..:t. genous matter contained in the milk and a large portion of the dust, dirt, and bacteria which may have reached the milk at milking time. The separator bowl at the and of each separation con- tsins remnants of milk, cream and skim milk. all of which will do- compose and fee-merit unless remov- ed promptly.

If not washed and freed from all these impurities of the previous separation. the separator bowl be- comes the seat of contamination, and the eoourcs of unclean, unwholesome and filthy cream, the results of which no care or treatmcnt of the mam can overcome. Not -only should't.hs bowl be washed after each separa- tion but the washing must be thorough. The most auravated cases of unsanitary and unclean cream result from the use of sep- enters. the bowls of which are never washed entirely clean. It is therefore a very difficult matter for any Deiryman to produce good. clean flavored cream and keep

his separator in unsanitary sur- roundinga. In almost

every case where

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IPICIAL ouuins WHITE runs. one lllloii. Douglas moi. & Jones Ltd.

DB. .1. r. SWEENEY! office will be closed from August ma to seiiteinber 8rd.

II A BLOOD DONOR nus WEIR AND nu! SAVE LIVE! you can easily do this if I011 are in god health and between the ages of it to 6B years.

cream is found in be of poor flavor and possibly rejected at the cream- ery by the inspector or by the manager. it is found that the separator from such a place is kept in the stable. It is therefore, imperative for the production of good quality cream and butter that these instruments of contamination be removed to s sulteble milk house near the stable where the air is not contaminated and where the surroundings will be kept in a clean and sanitary condition.

Canning

This is the season 0L canning and preserving and in homes throughout the provinces, jars and cans are being filled and proces- sed with the products of garden and orchard. Preserve only mature. well ripened fruit and vegetables without spoilage spots or blemish- es if s top quality canned product is to be the result. Choose either cans or Jars. For some time cans were more popular than Jars and it cans are used he sure they are sealed when very hot to avoid "air bumps" occurring in the cans dur- ing processing. Class jars are com- ing into their own again in pop- ularity both for home and com- mercial canning. Many home-mak- ers like to see the rich coloring of fruit and vegetables in gleam- ing rows on their storage shelves. Jars with screw tops are prefer- able to those with spring seals.

A familiar and troublesome problem in home canning is loss of liquid from jars of food dur- ing the canning process. The house wife who puts jars of food in the canner, all nicely filled and well covered with protecting liquid. may well be dismayed when they come out with part of the food bare and unprotected at the top of the jar. This occurs most fre- quently when using a pressure cann but may also occur when the hot water bath is used. Un- covered food is apt to lose it ap- pctising colour, texture and flav- our as the jars stand in storage.

Considerable research on this problem has been conducted at the Nebraka Experimental Station and some solutions have been found to prevent loss of liquid in canning vegetables and other foods under pressure. First leave enough headspsce at least threeeights of an inch for pint Jars and three- quarters of an inch for quart Jars. This allows the contents to ex- pand without overflowing the Jan.

A tight closure helps to hold in the liquid too and this can be achieved on the newer jars with the self-sealing compound and metal band. The three-piecc top line ring, glass and rubber ring, cannot be completely sealed so some loss of liquid is unavailable when using this type of Jar but sufficient hosidlpaoe helps.

If a steady pressure is main- tained throughout the processing period loss of liquid will also be minimized.

lxcellsnt booklets on the can- ning snd freezing of fruits and vegetables can be obtained from the Women's Institute Branch, De psrtment of Agriculture.

Number of requests for freezing information have been received this summer and questions re- garding the freezing of vegetables. Although tomatoes do not freen successfully, tomato juice does. Wash, sort and trim firm, vine ripened tomatoes cut in quarters. or eighths and summer for five to ten minutes. strain and add 1 teaspoon of salt for each quart of juice. Pour into liquid freezer con-

tainers leaving some head space. Cover and freeze.

'!0Ul DOLLAI. ll!!! MOIl- al the IUGIIII DRUG ITOII.

sums IILIING IIAOIIINII. Douglas Bra. and Jones.

PIANO LESSONS classes resum- ed (beglnncrs preferred) Mrs. W. P. Gordon. Dial 6210.

IIBOSINE, Electric and Pro- pane ass. Itefrlgeretcrs. nryenton and Mecxar.

DRAWING POSTPONED - The Charlottetown Lion's Club Televis- ion drswing has been postponed until Sept. :0.

ATTENTION GUIDE!!! A special meeting of the Guiders Club, will be held at Mrs. Leslie McKay's home, Second St. Park- dale, Thursday evening at 8 pm. A full attendance is requested.

CLINIC CANCELLED -- Due to the Annual Meeting of the P. E. I Medical Association. the regular Chest Clinic at the Provincial Sanatcrium on Friday, September 3, 1964, has been cancelled.

Personals

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Blanchard, Csrolle Anne and Terrill. left Fri- day, to spend their holidays in Quebec City. They will also travel to Montreal and other cities in the Eastern United States.

Master Charles s. muddy) Graves son of Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Graves, city, arrived home on Aug. 30 after spending seven weeks as a senior Leader at R. 0. Army Cadet Summer Camp, Camp De- bert, N. 8.

Dr. and Mrs. Wait Phillips from North Burlington, N. J., discoverer of famous P-5 drug for specific treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and P-6 for treatment of slergles, is staying at the Mccoubrey farm in Cavendish.

Strange But True

By E. Fl. MacArthur

It is interesting to note that Bril- lsh Columbia and Alberta have the highest old age pension rates - 550 a month!

But let's cross the border into the United States and we find an old-age pension rate that just doesn't make sense. Colorado pays its old citizens 385 a monih (the highest). Mississippi and Arkansas pay them 825 a month (the lowest), and the national average is 354 which is considerably less than Canada pays the average oldster. No doubt all persons '70 and over would like to be getting Colorado's rate. And they should be.

I I 0

Did you know that Canada leads all the nations in telephone calls per person per year? Record: Canada 389 calls. The U. S. is second with 352 calls. Who said Canadians are dumb? Statistics show that families today are smaller with most of the chil- dren born while parents are young, so that comparatively few cou- ples st 60 are tied down by the needs of young children. Asking that no tears be shed at his funeral, I-Iei-man Eliassen, of Seattle. Washington, provided in his will for the purchase of a case of Scotch Whiskey to be used a: a party to be attended by his friends. If you are 85 or older and still physically fit then remember that farming provides the biggest source of employment in Canada. A re- port haa just reached me that 8.- 000 persons "of retirement age" are now making 'a comfortable liv- ing on farms.

0 More than one in every three farms in this country are operat- ed by persons 55 years old or older. Approximately 15 per cent of all farm operators, or more than one in every seven. are 65 or older. Conversely. there has been a long-term decline in the number and proportion of farmers of the younger age groups. es- pecially in the case of those under 35

it doesn't take much dime nurs- ing to make a dollar depression. Another vicious circle is the one that most of us struggle around in trying to make ends meet. . . .

Wouldn't it be a fine idea if our government would put all of our ancient mill ponds on their feet More than a century ago a small success story could have been written around scores of grist mills. The lure of an old-fashioned water mill would be hard for he average tourist to resist. And hat is more picturesque than a pond of sparkling fresh water with numerous speckled trout leaping a- bout for files.

As high ii- the divorce rate is. it would be higher were it as easy to get a divorce as it is to get mar- rled

Much - perhaps too much -- hse been written about today's "problem children" tending to ob- scure the good works of our younger generation. On the credit side. for example, is the gracious deed by a high school senior at Mahomet. Illinois. Instead of us- ing 800 saved for a vacation trip for the purpose intended. he turn- ed the "money over to his teacher whose house had burned.

its an act of consideration and helpfulness which speaks for it- self.

The population of Welliton. Okla- homa. is only 630. but Sunday School attendance in the town's

Retarded

Our garage tenants. the Swallow family of whom I wrote severall columns back. haven't been a- round much this year. and I be- lieve I know the reason. They still resent the comments of their neigh- hours. the Chimney Swallows. a- bout Junior. their retarded child.

Junior's failure to leave the home base long after (by swallow time) the other fledgling; had taken off was really a distressing experience. Father Swallow thought it was just laziness, or worse. wilful disobedience. The young ones wings were strong enough; nothing was wrong with his sight or hearing. He could see and hear his mother bringing him food. all right. He just didn't want to try, or refused to follow his parents' instructions.

ass

Nothing like that had ever hap- pened, in his family, said Mr. Swallow. What a trial to have such a son! He urged, scolded, shamed, but the young one did not leave the shelter of the garage.

"Patience," pleaded M o t h e r Swallow. ”It isn't the poor child's fault. Maybe I didnt sit on his corner of the nest, quite long enough." She tried to make up to her slow child by extra attention, extra food and over and over again she showed him how 1,3 poise his body, set his feet, move his wings.

But there he perched ll saw him) long hours by our time. weeks by theirs. First he did not leave the rim of his nest. Then for a day he clung to the lowest electric wire. Finally on the third day he had gained the top-most wire in the garage.

This was hard enough on his is- ther's pride and mother's. tender- ness, but .1unlor's slowness was the subject of much spying and gossiping on the part of the Chim- ney Swallow Clan. That was al- most unbearable!

"What a misfortune to have a retarded child," cheeped Mrs. Swallow to her friends on the e- lectric wire above the kitchen. Ev- ery single one of both my broods fitted exactly the "Behavior Sch- cdule for the Average Swallow," of the eminent Dr. Donald Bedell Swallow. My young ones raised their heads, opened their beaks. gave their first cheep, feathered their wings, and of course. flew from their nests, on the split sec- ond foretold by Dr. Donald Bedell. I But this poor fledgling will prob- ably hsve to be fed in the garage I for the rest of his life."

Mrs. Chimney Swallow didn't bother to lower her voice. All the neighbours heard her: Father and Mother Swallow heard her. and of course poor little Junior. But no- body minded what wss said in front of him. He was just too dumb to understand!

I O 0

How disappointed were those who hoped for the worst! For on the fourth morning, the solitary little figure I had seen on the garage wire at dusk, was gone - all the garage swallozls were gone. sndvfor a week there was all- EIICC . . . .

Then suddenly they were back. and once more there was color and song and movement around the house. But evidently they had only returned to make sure that things were on order for the following Spring. In and out of the garage they zoomed, by twos. by fours, inspecting the old nest.

One was a bit quieter. perhaps. A bit more responsive. One, the

ale

she

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f. '

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ltulienisb Sclielnfelil Frank

We and Our Neighbors

Swallow

samllest one, set the longest while I spoke to him. He turned his head more fully toward me. I am sure it was Junior, the retarded child.

My Swallows haven't been here. since. Last summer they stayed until they flew South. If only the Chimney Swallow had minded their own business. Won't they be chagrined when Junior breaks all the records and win: all the prizes for "Long Distance Flying!"

Blood Donor climc To Be Held Thursday At Community Centre

The spacious new Community Centre belonging to the Holy Redeemer Parish has very kindly been placed at the disposal of the Red Cross for the Charlottetown Blood Donor Clinic lto be held there on Thursday. September 2nd in the afternoon and evening.

The Holy Redeemer Sub-division of the Catholic Women's League. of which Mrs. F. J. Steele is the President, will provide refreshments and workers for this Clinic at which the objective is at least 300 donors from Charlottetown and”

v i 2.. sesuwsimensff aGrsnjs.spsin -at - ' -rr was sun: AT A caster . , Feriiszzs ran. KING PHILIP! , ' .- Mm 0150 ouvvo txscrl V. . '1? 8.'Ii8.7.1lZ um suiiosas su.i. i-(AS . -' -559: PAiDd :