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i NEWSY NOTES

ONLY SIAWEED (l)

“if tRbOVo title was chosen be- Mmmh? Misc are regarded with ‘Wm lvvly little interest, ltelﬂﬂ an cult 0f little use to mankind, twig-it l! a vast host of terres- mm “mm-i doband on the vege. wunue which smwm“ ""' "‘° We mgr; numbe s of creatures de- mmt m)!‘ Protection and nourish. The ﬂshiglli-he lllants of the deep. l“ to res of Oanada may be Mam“ on these humble “ten s. Binoe they aerate the ' “d illlilﬂy the oxygen so

some“ to the life of the fish. mum _ the Algae, planed, m1‘ w- "w simplicity of their it the bottom of the Vegg- uvisrhlwtg’ m '° ‘mu ” w b‘ 1° the naked eye: whils at “i: tlﬂwd. as Captain Oook he iournal of his second

5i s

‘f3 '- fkvth of over twen- a artisan! P163011 up a l. on e shore m'&1°h had a stalk six feet ‘ 13ml!“ (or blade) thir-

‘Ihese

rsgggggggg § g; v = 5 d s 5

mlattefllﬂlﬂtlm

am inclined to think that the red seaweeds are found at slightly greater depths than are the green or brown species: and in the list before-mentioned they are certain- ly the most numerous.

In all the Canadian literature at my disposal I have found only a dozen species oi seaweed referred to by authentic names. These I have classiﬁed and now lay before my readers.

Of tbs green seaweeds the corn- mouest is, the sea-lettuce (Ulva lnctuca). This is a "social" plant, growing in paiohe and attaining its greatest perfection in temper- ate and polar climesr-‘Ikrat they can withstand extreme cold is shown by the fact that five species of Ulvs. were found in the high_ latitudes of the Arctic ocean by the botanists associated with Perry's expeditions

Another green seaweed is the Porphyra facilitate, called in Boot- land "slake" or "lever." Man has sometimes been facetlously refer- red to as a cooking animal, and the "lave!" ‘has not escaped his talents. During the ninetee ‘h ccnt-r-y it was still used as en article of lux- ury, being stewed beforr being brought to table. _

The brown seaweeds are. IP81!- lng generally, the best known to us. The species of Focus, commonly celled "bladder-kelp." l" ubiquit- qqg, clothing rocks. breskvraters. wharves and piles. with s shill! growth. These algae appear quite content a bath twice a dﬂ. 5° m" they pass a kind of amphibious ex- istence. determined by the state of of the tide. The little bladders em- bedded in the tissue were collsotod by small my». 111d taken homo to be placed on the stove: the im- pﬂgqngd alr expanded and the bugger exploded with a mo! But the bladder-kelp 111d 1mm"! mo" uses. In i722 the menu-

Instinct WWII-

‘ into the Orkneys of Boot- land, and during the next eighty years it had brought the equivalent of $2,975,000 to the inhabitants of these remote islands. The seaweed was cut from the rocks, and a1- lowed to partially dry by qzreading it on we beach. It was then taken to a simple kiln formed by a hole dug a. few feet into the sand, and reinforced by rough stones: the sea- weed was ignited, and as it con- sumed more was added until the bottom of the kiln was ﬁlled with the ashes or "kelp"—a dark brown fuzzy substance of half-glassy as- pect, consisting of soda mixed with many impurities. such as it. was this was the only soda. available for the use of the glass-maker and the soap-boiler for years, and it, was not until after the close oil’ the Napoleonic wars that common salt as a source of soda began to super- cede kelp. Th9 introduction of the kelp manufacture into the Orkneys was resisted by the country people who opposed it with the utmost violence. Their forefathers had never madg kelp and why should they’! and they carried their re- slstanoe so far that special consta- bulary had to be enlisted to pro- tect the workers.

Extensive and satisfactory ex- periments have, from time to time, been made with kelp as s. manure, and it has been proved a help in enabling n. farmer to extend his manure heap to cover three or four times the extent of land. The three Canadian species of lnrcus are: l". furcatus and 1", veslculosus. with flat stalks, and I". nodasus (sometimes called ascophyllum no- dosum) with round stalks. Osttlc and pigs will freely eat of these species. A “er “Bladder-kelp," Nereocystls lutheana. (with which I am not acquainted) is said to grow on the shorcsof the Marl- tlrne Prcvlnces- '

POI-K DANCIS

There has been a great revival of folk-dancing in Britain in recent years. it is pleasant to note. The "Bworrl dsncg", without which any Scottish gathering would be incom-

f .-

plstglsliefvl-rhlloebssthton

in this Province; but there are many others representative of our sister nations. The Polk-dance Festival held in the Albert Hall, London, Eng. early in January. was an All-British aﬂalr. Berra, in the Hebrides. sent a solo dancer. and so did Northern Ireland: "it ms pretty to see him walk on wearing the badge cif the Red Hand, followed by a. southern piper from Dublin in his national cloak." these solo dancers danced Jigs and hompipes-which are about the only kind of dancing that drew me writer's attention in the days of old. A teem of "Bondagers” (which bc they?) from the lilngllsh border rave something on the lines of an English country dance “with quasi feudal decorum." From Anglesey cams a team of girls who danced a Welsh reel, but the most applause

dances. There was the impressive "Dirk Dance of Billy Cain" from the Isle of Man, besides the pre- cisely timed Sword-dance of the mrgllsh Folk-Song and Dance 8o- clety's own team.

After the dancing was over s. “Masque? was performed. This is a novelty in the twentieth century. bur, was a commonplace up to the end of the seventeenth. A masque "consists of song, dance, , ‘ le, and drama in loose cohesion". The Masque seems to have been a huge success, Judging from the compli- ments showered upon the producer.

MUSICAL NOTES

Those printer's ermrsl "lifr-s. --— opened the programme with foul folk-songs."

Our representative immediately withdrew-Punch. ~

At Buxton, man. the Vice-chan- cellor of Sheffield University re- cently read a paper before the In- wr, ted ",,of-" on "The Plaar of Music in Education." ‘rho learn ’ Doctor contended that music must play an important part in any complete scheme of educa- tion, because there are three greet spiritual values-C odness, Truth, and Beauty, and the last is express-

ed through sound no less than new» at. n the neshctil

was won by a team from Comer» ford School, Dubllri, in their Irish

music were followed by such prac- tical dssdvantages "as result from defects in goodness of character, and from errors in the sphere of fact," the desirability of music in education would be admitted. "Like other spiritual things in a material-

istic world, music is apt to be re-

garded ss a luxury."

But the best thinkers have always felt that there is a certain asso- ciation of music with character, and this is shown in the simplest way on occasions of festivity, mourning, military movement, and so on. Joa- chim had pcintcd out the dang:r of young folk degenerating “through constant immersion in the over- emotlonal strains of v7mirer," and John Farmer has spoken of the de- bilitating effects of the poorer types of religious music. There were hymn tunes which were ideal for

i those who wished to fesl good with-

out the trouble of being goodl Oth- ar music. however, hurl an invigor- ating effect, an exhilaration free from unwholescmeness. or a rest- fulneu that is restorative, not weak- ening. On the other hand we have the music of the present age, taken over from African savages and full of s. teasing and unsatisfying rest- lessness.

These are only a few thoughts from the Vice-Chancellor's paper. and he concludes by saying that “Plato and Aristotle were not wrong in ending that in education the young should be familiarlaed with strong, simple, unar-tiﬂcial music, in keeping with the temper we hope to see them show in after years." Messrs Novello and 60., London; Exigland, are advertising a new Cantata for Holy Week and Easter, which judging from its reception in musical circles is “a thing of un- usual beauty." Its name is "Easter- tlde" and the mposer ts Mr. Jamcs Moodln. Director of Music to the Carnegie Dunferrniine Trust. On u ‘ to the composer at the Music Institute. Dunfermlinc, Scot- land. a specimen copy will be sent post-paid on receipt of a postal order for cnn shilling-which ls half price-but the applicant must be an organist, a choirmaster. _or a clergyman. Such an arranzcment is

most convenient, as it permits the organist Nils! of the suftabtlfil!

of the work to his choir at a very small expanse. Hawera, New Zeal- and. reports; “It isbcing sung in cur church for the second time . .

a particularly lovely and entirely suitable work."

HALIDON BILL (1)

For the twenty years following the battle of Barmozkbum the p-wer o. England was at a. wary low ebb That battle, fought on the 24th o! June, 1314, was the most signal de- feat which England has sustains in the course of her Scottish wars: i and, as Melklejohn says, it secured the freedom of Scotland from tha. ‘| time and for ever, and established ,Bruce firmly on the throne. This momentous event is scarcely men- ‘ tinned by our Northumbrlan histor- I inns. since they confine themselves in the main to setting down what transpinad within their own bord- ers: and in the ensuing "trouble- some times" there was much to chronicle.

Bruce, after his victory, pushed steadily south and by 1818 Berwlck had surrendered and was incorpor- ated into his kingdom. In the mean- time the Scots under the "good Lord James of Douglas" led foray after foray into our unhappy county. The character of the raids maymrsrrrmised from an anecdote from the pages of Sir Walter Scott, who must. in this case, be consid- ered an impartial historian. After Bannockburn. when the Scottish forces were driving the English from the southern counties of Scot- land the "good Lord James" be- sieged and took his own castle, mak- ing thc English garrison prisoners. Douglas and his men ate the din- ner which had been prepared for the inmates. caused the provisions stored up by the English to be thrown onto the woodplle at the castle gates, and burst all the wine and beer cssks over the heap. The

cred. the captives were disposed

by cutting their throats, and the caresses and bodies were ﬂung on the weodpile and burnt. ‘This pleas- antry of the "good Imd James.‘ says Sir Walter, is commemorated

cattle were brought in and slaught; . o

such was the man wlw led the Scottish armies into England, and the raid of .1327, mentioned in these Notes aforetime, was characterized by equally barbarous crueltles. The Scottish army on this occasion con- sisted of 4,000 men at arms well mounted, being knights and es- quires; together with 20,000 follow- ers, bold and hardy, armed with spear and sword, and mounted on little nags "that were never tied up or dressed," but turned loose. im- mediately after the day's march. to pasture on the healthy fell-sides. The morale of the English ivmy had not yet recovered from the crushing blow it had received, and under its youthful kin; that army was helpless against p, foe who was rccustcmcd to the mrthcrn wilds. The Scots easily evaded Edward's levies, and retreated almost unmol- ested, and the King in order to free his northern subjects from the danger of these sudden invasions, ‘agreed to the Treaty of North- ampton which acknowlcdgcd the in- dependence of Scotland. That treaty or rather the circumstances attending it was to cost Scotland dear.

Mother; Whatever is the matter now, Tommy?

Tommy (indignantly): ‘There's one cake short and they've mzde mi‘

Re-elected N. Labor President ‘.7

(C.P. By Guardian's Special Wire) i PREDERICTON. N. B., Nb. 21- > James E. Tighe, Saint John, was re-elected President of the New Brunswick Federation of Labor to- day at. the final session of a three- day convention here. All other of-

ficers were rc-elccted. Decision was-p; _

made to hold the next convention here, and (Turin; the time the pro- vlncnl lcgislaiure is in session. ‘ A lecture of this afternoon's meeting was a detailed explanation on the wokings cf the New Brun- ' swick workmerfs compensation board, given by Eugene R. Sleeves, - Labor commissioner 0n the board. Although it had been planned to" meet the government this evening

ber of resolutions, including sev- eral pertaining to social 1883181

tlon, this was found to be impost‘ ' sibie. The executive of the Labor" "‘ Federation and others, comprising.» ,

n special delegation, will appear: ,_ before the government on Wednes-

liis strange. that whet amusras" people about the. faces of monkeys‘: goats. and owls is that they look so

an» it

stone.

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