Covere Proce Edward tsiang Like the Dew

Fr Walker, Editor Pu! Association Member The Canadian Press

@ King Street West Toronto, Ont 640 Cathcart St.. Mowtsea! 1030 West Georgia S.. Vancouver @ Carrier Chariottetown, Summerside 30¢ per weed Provinces and United States $12.00 per annum

= Mau in P.E.1 $9.00 per annum. Othe: and ited States $12.00 per annum PAGE 4 WE RESDAY, SEPT. 16, 1959

Me Che Guardian

types of armaments and armed for- ces under ataeative international | centres.”

In the circumstances, the explor- atory talks at Washington would ap- pear to be irrelevant to this agree-- ment. But that is to forget the tre- mendous personal power wielded by the soviet Premier. He has‘ main- tained that foreign ministers’ meet- ‘ings are a waste of time anyway, that no real progress on basic issues can be made except at “summit”

A Peck OF Troubles

As if jt hadn't enough troubles to contend with, the United Nations Assembly, now in session in New York, has been warned by Secretary- General Hammarskjold that the Or-

‘ganization is in danger of going

broke.« Its entire financial position

was threatened by failure of mem- ber nations to provide adequate

funds for the U.N. Emergency Force -

in the Middle East. Though the Secretary-General didn’t say so, this problem has been caused mainly by the refusal of the Sov iet bloe and Arab couttiwes to pay their assess- ments. If the drain on the working capital fund continues at the present rate until next February, the U.N. will be entirely without money - to carry out its normal program of act- ' ivities.

Meeting under this threat of bank-

“discussions. His views will undoubt- edly influence the attitude of Com- munist members of the-newly formed committee, and perhaps provide a useful basis for the consideration of disarmament in the United Natidéns. It is a slim hope, but so indeed are all the prospects for betterment re- sulting from his American tour.

Doing Splendid Work

It is highly creditable to-the local organization, and all concerned in its activities, that the annual meeting of

the Canadian Association for Retard- +

ed Children should be held this week in Charlottetown. This movement, of quite recent origin, is gaining nat- ionwide attention, and nowhere has tere been greater interest shown than in this Province. This was evid- enced by the gift chosen for present- ation to Her Majesty Queen Eliza-

rupicy, the Assembly will be expected to deal with-zamong other, things—- nuclear and conventional disarma- — ment and the fate of 1,000,000 Pal-

~ estine refugees from the Arab-Israeli -

which took the form of a $20,000 don-

ation to the Island ‘Association for ‘

Retarded Children, in furtherance of its splendid work.

In an article specially writen for

NEW ARRIVAL

+ son rather than

e Many Things

oe -e..? Affect Vision By Herman N. Bundesen, M. D.

YOU CAN'T believe everything you see.

Our minds sometimes play funny tricks and overrule what eur eyes.-tell us is true. COMPLICATED PROCESS

Visual perception, you see, is a very complicated process. It involves our past and expectation of the future as well as the objects presently be-

experiences |.

Vision Institute | dom

>.

A Missouri. man counted 8,537 feathers on a — then wondered why me Ss ome

to all the trouble. Journal

“Tame” cas Shania stone P: ee Scoot ten or clawed

42 a rey ta this season— and yet tourists still keep on feed- ing them, proving the old saying that knowledge comes, but wis- ers.—Ottawa Journal

making these the four official lan- guages.—Straits Times, -Singa-

periments which indicate that our emofional response to a cer- tain person may modify, or change, the image we actually see of that person.

DISTORTED ROOM

One series of explefiments was conducted in a distorted room. The floor slopes upward to the right, the rear wall recedes from the right to the left, and trape- zoidal windows of different sizes are set in the rear wall.

When viewed from a_ certain position, this room: appears to be a perfectly ordinary symmetrical room. And when a person walks across it, generally he appears to be getting larger or smaller, depeeding upon the direction-in which he walks.

REMAINS THE SAME SIZE

Actually, of course, the person does not change in size. most viewers are so influenced by past expericnces with perspec- tive that they accept distoftion in the appearance of anothe~ per- in the shape of

the room. They know that as a person walks awav frem them. he will

appear to become smaller, Con-

ling People are most intelligent at

report. women to reveal their age.

\-If you build .a better mouse- trap, the world will beat to your door. You can get the same results by not paying your bills.—Irish Digest, Dyblin

“What’s the matter with you?” the wife demanded, ‘‘Monday you liked bedns.. Tuesday you. liked beans, Wednesday you liked beans now Thursday, all of a sudden,

But |

you. don’t like beans.""—Vancouv- er Sun

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the G an Files)

| - TWENTY-FIVE ’ (Sept. 16, 15)4)

_Mr. H.R. Stewart, Deputy Pro-

vincial Secretary and superinten- |

dent under the Insurance Act. re-

—war and the Mostem rebettion against -' . Hist

France in Algeria. India is expected

—to—ask for another—study—on—the

question of ajlowing Red China into the U.N. and this is expected to touch off debate on troubles in Laos and

the national convention now under: way in Charlottetown, the noted American author, Pearl S. Buck, says: “The test of a civilization is to be found in the way in which it cares for its weakest members. Those nat-

By The 200th anniversary ‘of -the Canadian soil this week.

It was on a Thursday, the un- lucky 13th of September in 1759,

is being marked

the Indian-Chinese border. Debate is also expected on whether Moscow’s , latest rocket success will involve ter- -ritorial claims on the moon. Moon-faced Premier Khrushchev 4s scheduled to address the Assembly on Friday, and that in itself will be something of an ordeal for the free- —-world delegates. Russia has been boy-

eotting the 18-nation outer space-

eommittee set up by the last Assemb- ly because of dissatisfaction with the membership of the group, and

Khrdishchev is expected to be cockier «

than ever when he deals with this matter.

Canada’s new External Affairs

minister, Hon. Heward Green, is sit ting in. He ‘says this» his first trip to the U.N. and he’s willing to learn. He couldn’t have chosen a more troublesome session at which to get

~- his education.

Worth bliin

One of the broader questions acheduled for informal discussion be- tween President Soviet Premier Khrushchev is dis- armament, or, more properly, how to reach international agreement on a@ program for reduction and limita- tion of armaments. No one is over- optimistic as to the success of the Washington talks in this connection, but \it is needful that every avenue ,be explored. ;

The recent Foreign meeting in Geneva was mainly de- voted to Berlin and German ques- tions. Buj at the close_the problem of disarmament came up for re-

view. The three Western Powers— gince there seemed no other pos-

sibility for ever renewing a practical -and serious discussion—decided to accept the “principle. of parity” on which the Soviet Government insist-

ed. This with the provison that it

sould not be regarded as a precedent for the composition of United Nations bodies,

Mr. Gromyko’s proposal, accepted by the three Western foreign minis- ters and now set out in an agreed text as the joint proposal! of the Four Powers, is for a ten country commit- ytee. The ten are to be from NATO eountries—the U.S., Britain, Can- ada, France and Italy ; from European eountries—the Soviet Union, Bul- _garia, Czechostovakia, Poland and Roumania.

The committee is set up, not by the United Nations, but by the Four Powers with the agreement of the other members. It is however laid

down in the announcement that this “in no way diminishes or encroaches upon United Nations’-responsibilities in: the field of dixarmament.” And the committee is to report “the pro- gress of its deliberations” to the U.N. Disarmament Commission.

. The tefms of reference are very wide. The committee is to through mutual -consultations aven- wes of possible progress towards

Eisenhower and_

Ministera\

“explore

egreemenis and recommendations on |

ions which have been ruthless or even © careless toward its weakest citizens, voung and old, have themselves been destroyed. I find, in this: new con- cern for the helpless and innocent retarded, a resurgence of goodness and humanity among my own people. - Without tenderness we die. The re- tarded child appeals for tenderness, arid we respond. The benefit is ours as well.” :

Since it cradl nfede~ion in 1864, Charlottetown has been in the limelight on many o¢casions as a con- vention centre. This week’s humanit- arian gathering from all parts of Can- ada will rank among its most praise- worthy.

EDITORAL NOTES

The Soviets have called the Unit- ed Nations investigation in Laos “illegal” and are demanding instead that the West meet Red China and other Communist powers to seek peace for the Laotian kingdom. The evidente-of-aggression must be pretty strong when they don’t want it in-. vestigated.

> s s

Congratulations and best wishes to Mr. Carl Willis, of Cornwall, who will represent Canada at the World Plowing Match to be held in Armoy, Northern Ireland, next month. His father, Mr. Stanley Willis, competed at the world matches held in Ohio Jast vear, and gave a good account of himself. We have no doubt that

Carl will do the same: s°f s

a

All our citizens will indorse’ Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s warm tributes to the retiring Governor General, Rt. Hon. Vincent Massey, at the state dinner tendered him on Monday evening at Ottawa. All will join, too, in the wishes extended to him “for good lhealth and long life so that he might continue to serve the nation.”

. s s ;

Addressing the: APEC dinner at Fredericton on Monday ‘night, Lord Beaverbrook warned said that. an atom_bomb can now be manufactur- ed for less than $2,000,000 with mass production methods, and there is no guarantee that it might not fall into irresponsible hands. He blamed both Russia and the U.S. for the break-. down -of Soviet-Western reiations since: the Second World War, and warned that Khrushchev fail, we all may perish.”

s : * s

Newfoundland’s. Premier Joseph Smallwood has a message for Can- ada, which he says he will deliver in person on a tour of the country. “He isn’t yet aware.” says the Cape Breton Post, “that his fellow Cana- dians have a message for him, that the people of Canada believe in. lab- or laws fair to everybody, that Can-

~adians have faith that the Feder al

Government will deal without pre- _Judice : with the circumstances - of ‘each province.”

MEMORIES

“if Eisenhower. and |

t

surprise,

Quebec were taken “by and overwhelmed by British Red- coats who climbed up the impos-

sible goat ‘track from the St Lawrence River to the Heights of | Abraham.

An entire room in our Public Archives Building here has ‘been set aside for an exhibition on

this theme: “Montcalm—Wolfe, | 1759-1939""

Hundreds of thousands of tou- rists visit Ottawa each year. Alas | too many of them overlook our Public Archives, which has been developed into the world's most |

comprehensive. museum of Can- adian history.

The Archives is Perhaps more rewarding for the student and the reader than for. the rubber- necker. There is a magnificent | library, and a massive accumu- lation of state papers, letters by

former statesmen, and other man- |

uscripts. But. the chambers and Passages contain very many tures and exhibits to make this tour a memorable part_of a visit to our Capital. City. © OF NEW FRANCE Prominent among the “Cana- diana”’ in the Archivés just now is this special exhibiion related | to the battle which led to, the | union of the races. This depicts

life in France as well as life in New France at that time. It il- lustrates the three months of | blundering skirmishes between

Montcalm and Wolfe before their |

—_——_—

PUBLIC FORUM

This column t= open to the discus

sion by correspondents of question ¢c.

interest. The Guardian does not neses

sarily en‘orse the opinion of corres pondents.

LEADERSHIP NEEDED Sir,—Leadership of We

of post-mortem of foresight; and then another try to do better. This kind of leader- ship has gone on about

as it can’ go on. The Berlin crisis

and the stock crash in the Unit- |

ed States suggest that it is time to make a reappraisal of wes- tern leadership.

Western allied leadership tends to be based too much on an im- perial or military hegemony. -re ther than on an association of se- } perate sovereignties. This lead- |

ership of recent vears has been more or Jess represented by the United Nations and President Fi: senhower. For the. purpose of this article, that leadership may be referred to as the suzerainty.

The first quite goticeablle de- flection in recent years of the suzerainty from at least a nomin- al Western representation was in its failure to settle the Suez trouble: The subsequent attempt of England and Frarce to, pro- tect their interests in the Suez was opposed by the suzerainty. The United Nations and. Presi- dent Eisenhower in effect recog- nized the fait accompli of Egypt: and prevented two of the largest nations in the Western alliance from defending their own inter- ests. The suzerainty split the western forces. West's position was weakened in the Middle Fast. The suzerainty gave the Westen forces such a blow that it has never recover- ed.

The exercise of this suzerainty, or perhaps more. specifically, a kind of semi-military hegemony over numerous nations has caus

ed these nations a loss of sover- eignty to the extent .that their productive motiyation has been impaired, and their defence tends to the lethargic or half- hearted. :

The next serious blow that the western alliance received © was President Eisenhower's attempt

to force his conditions 9n ‘Presi- dent de Kaulle of France. De Gaulle has had to defend France te some exiewt fom Presuicnt

| decsiive battle. most important. battle fought on |

| the’ caption, 'ces in Franee’, over portraits of

| most famous wome | tory of the world or of the half | world, marily as a social influence. The |

| thentic Canadian souvenirs jing from | fannson. used on his 1913-1919_ ia

| tHe Expedition, to flags of the}

pic- |

tern. society has been too much on two rocket rather than one!

| track missiles as long}

| ducks,

As a result the.

versely, aS a person approaches them, he will appear to become larger

On the other hand, past exper

phic portrait of King Charles 1 | ience tells them that a, room has

F. Bentley, town

.K.C. of Charlotte

age of 56, according to a col- | That’s one way to}

a path4

““ ‘THE NEW HOUSE

I would not have you silent, lit-

tle house,

aoe the dusk when slow stars t

And all the a tasks of day

pone pause for rest before the

night.

Your “windows bait the dawn’s first blushing ray

And bright upon the heartstone newly wrought,

ee

ing gold The early sunbe are caught. So be it now a portent, little house,

dancing there

ARS AGOQ ~-of sweet accord within your shel-

tering walls,

Of peace and love and music and delight

That hear nor mark the earth-

urned yesterday from attending | din’s restless calls.

the 17th annual gneeting of -Sup- ‘ ; . erintendients of Insurance of the| Let service : know. the henest Provinces of Canada held in laugh of joy,

Saint John. NB where fie wast att e od

elected vice-president Also at- uphold, a

tending the meeting was Mr. W.| And through the years beneath

your cherished roof The blessed tale of happy: home

It glorifies Louis XV. the last king of France who ruled over New France.

While admiring the perhaps un- equalled heights achieved in lit-

| erature and the arts under Louis when the French defenders of the’)

XV, “The Well-beloved”, the cy-

“The Social Influcn-

“La Comtesse. Du Barry’ and “La Marquise de Pompadour” Although these are two of the in the “his-

neither is thought of pri-

Pompadour certainly — showed | great taste, and wielded consid- |

erable cultural influence; Barry was an unrelieved troilop:

| both were mistresses of the | King. In other—rooms— there —are—au-—

the sledge which Ste

tpected—se—miueh,

self to his colony of which he ex and

j tand floor

eriinally. SEE WHAT THEY WISH

trip to Europe. During their trip they visited England, Holland,

Ay the famous Lely ]_ like too |g horizantal flocr and ceiling Mr. and Mrs. James Paton. be told. the portrait of Louis XV by Van- ‘and that its walls are vertical | Charlottetown, and their drand- M , a0 , ‘ } 1 and—at—right-ancles— ho 6 | daughter Miss Logan, Halifax, | . aude De Ver:e Newton-— hl oe [have relurned from a decent Science nit

Kitty Wells

} cannon and

ru- | the Du | gant voung

rang-

stumbles mortally wounded acre=s | | a battlefield which is littered w

ith adorned by to ele ladies-who appear to have taken their lapdog unusually exciting walk. ‘ There are many interesting pos sessions of our first Prime Min-

ister. Sir John A. Macdonald. in- cluding his huge and_ strangely |organ-like desk, engraved “Do

minion Secre-Tory’’, not inappro-

“Quebec Militia 1775". There. is | priate for a Conservative States- De La Verendrye’s “Journal” of | (oy.

his great\travels of discovery in | | 1738-39, and “pictures of “Le} And if you. are interested in Rebellion 1837."" money. there is a showcase fu SATISFYING ART of sampl¢s of Canadian | paper

I'm no artist, but T frankly en- [were incuding Ph chag Plastre '. | | joy many of the paintings garn- |. Quinze a, ie or , roenes > | ered for exhibition in the \Ar\{ One Shilling”, $1,000"; and se- | chives, preferring them to many veral samples of the card mon- jof the much more costly samples © used in New France — | of modern art recently acquired | Playing ca! ds, on which was WT | by our National Gallery No doubt | '¢" 4 phrase such as “Bon pour |the Gallery's tems represent | Livres’ and signed by the | some kind of genius, but too | Governor of the Colony | many look to me like accident 41} Our Public. Archives is young 'daubs made by a cow’s tail at and incomplete; it deserves gifts the height of the bjack-fiy sea- | of Canadiana’. from patriotic son. |, prefer the “realisti Canadians owning ‘items of na- | school of art, as exemplified by tional ‘interest: it certainly mer the Archives’ almost photogra- | jits a visit by the tourist.

| Research At Wallop Island |

i} On the one

National Geographic vr

A lonely stretch of sand and, | marsh off Virginia’s Fastern | Shore, Wallops Island, is becom

| ing-a major space center

Under construction in aS) million expansion launching blockhouse to control rocket fir- ing. three huge radar towers to .and a causeway. linking the Island with the mainland r Thouzh less wet known Cape Canaveral,. Wallops acthally hasbeen a flight re- search station since 1%, longer than the famous. Florida rocket and missile proving ground.

than

From marshes’ along the Virgin ia island where ‘hunters. shot nearly 4,000 test -rockets have been launched, some soar- ing 200 miles into space at miles an hour

This summer. Te National Aer

Kisenhower and from the United | Nations.

However, President ¥de Gaulle. has not been-prevented from de- fending France as was the case with Prime Minister Eden and

the Premier of France in defend- |

ing a Western military position.

The circumstances im Algeria and Suez. were different, but as an example of an unsatisfactory he- gemony. and a falling suzerainty they are similar.

Under the suzetainty. Western nations have failed to equal or surpass the Soviet in production of implements of war. The rea- sons for this I prefer not to dis- cuss; but I do state that the ex- ercise of an imperium over sov- ereign states has had a_ detre- mental effect on their morale and on their ability to poduce.

The lack of appreciation for a real peace leadership, and the failure of the United Nations or the suzerainty to offer real peace policy, bas more or less imposed | on Western nations the necessity | of accepting “a vulnerable mili- tary position

The foregoips is considered fo farm conclusive evidence that the |. suzerainty used so far must be discontinued and a new leader- ship formed.

~

I'am, Sir, e'c

WILFRED MURRAY

Edmouioe Alberip

4

program are}! pads. a!

two-mile. |

Island |

the | | Nati onal Geographic Society says.

| and send

11.000 |

able to resist the intense heat

onautics and Space. Administra tion has announced, rhesus mon kevs and a chimpanzee will be recketed from Waliops 100 mies into space. The famous earlier flicht of monkevs Able and Bak-, er was in a small rocke!l nose cone. but the new test will be of a full-sized capsule ‘capable of carrying a man — Stientific teams St the island already: have dropped a dozen of | the 12-foot-hizh. two-tone contain-

) ers from airplanes flying four to eight miles high. The dre ns have tested parachutes. signaling de vices, and ability of the captules to withstand. impact

Recently. Wallops fired a six ' stage rocket designed to lift a research model high into space

it hurtling to earih at

the 16,050-mile-an-hour re-entry

*sneed of a returning bllistic mis th

sile or space vehice- Such flis will aid in designing spacecraft gen- j erted b atmospheric friction at

those speeds.

TEST FLIGHT *

At the same time. W allaps 1 land continues its hasie research into hypersonic flight. The re- search models flown usually do not represent any specific air plane, missile,.or space vehicle but are flying laboratories.

They simulate conditions of ra- . pid flight that could not he ob- tained in wind tunnels. Tiny ra- dio transmitters send back in-

formation on temperature, pres-}

sure, and stress conditions en- eountered. On the ground, rad- ar sensitive enough to track a .22 caliber bullet in flight follows the models

Such inexpensive research mo- dels: make a test pilot's first flight safer and sometimes pre- vent accidental destruction of million-dollar prototypes, N.A-S. A. officials said. Design changes indicated hy tests can be incor- porated quickly into another mo | del and tested.

More than. 100 multi-stage re search models are fired each year at Wallops Island. biit\ the bigger, more spectacular ,firings “will be left to Cape Canaveral

MAXIMS

Hope ever urges on and tells,

as tomorrow wi) be halics

‘On an | isis and

country | thought

| for

MORE

| cussion on educational

be related to marriage and to the newlyweds’ partners QUESTION AND ANSWER

V.S:: What causes endometrio- what is the cure? Answer: Endometriosis is due to the presen ling the ing in abnormal! areas may be removed if ac- cessible may be treated by various hormones. <

tissue

of the womb lin- locations. These

or

relationship with these |

ce of tissue resemb*

of Toronto

The newly erected i power line connecting O'Leary | with Summerside was put inte | operation on Wednesday, when | electric current purchased from | the Summerside Electric Plant by

the Maritime Electric Company, flowed into the business estab- lishments and residences of a- bout 200 consumers in O'Leary and surrounding districts for the | first time. ,

12,000 volt

Adeolée ical Warfare

"ah Daily Star

The school bells are ringing, throughout the land to call back | pupils to activate the million-dol- | lar_institutions of learning ,that | have been idle during the sum- } mer months— Industry tries to

keep its production lines moving for 12 months of the vear but the production lines’’ in education > down for upwards of tree months in a 12-month period. Neve n the history of: thi as as much serious been given to education

The air is filled with opinions on | educational costs, curriculums teaching methods, textbooks. psy

: social attitudes and frills a fact on arcues in favor of the “‘soft’’ school. on the other hand Cohie factions wants a return the “herd”

school. In both factions can be | found those who question _the wisdom of closing down the school each-year

enolog, hand

to

fer Jenghty periods PROS ANT CONS

The school term can be debated from many angles. One opinion sugges- ts that under the extended school torm the secondary ‘schools can

knock off one vear from entran- ce to graduation. The opposing opinion is that teaching staffs, | rather than the pupils, need the lenethy summer holiday. Has the validity of this arcument. ever | cen put tothe tests? -Has_ the brain strain’ of a teacher ever en

ther professions where a great made lon. brainpower as applied to human. relations?

We know of no such stiidy the public ts bombarded with the view that somehow teachers are ‘different’: and require extend- ed “past period”. But isn’t it true that many, many teachers do not take the holiday “break” but con- oan with self-study to further their own education to earn an-

stacked ms tere that of

‘mand ts

| other degree or a higher qualifi-

cation that will recommend. them a: higher salary bracket? These opinions are thoeught-pro- voking and argumentative. DISCUSSION

The ringing of the school bells will signal another season of dis- matiers

at all levels. But what will be ac-

complished? Some educators will defend “modern methods: others will

deplore them. Thousands of par- ents will rally behind ‘those who say the modern system is too soft: thousands more will form up behind those who oppose a re- turn to “hard-methods. Parents will have unkind things -to say about teachers and there will be teachers telling parents to keep their noses Out of the schools Trustees will meet in conference to “talk out” financial problems: teaching staffs will fight with trustees for higher salaries and more working benefits

Little will come out of this be- yond trayed tenwers. The prob-

pros and cons of a longer j

Yet.

is one of national and internation- al importance. r many all we have been hearing is * aments race"

arm-

| EDUCATIONAL RACE The_spotlight is turning to ‘‘ed- ucational race’’ and gallons of printers’ ink flow over pages of written opinion on education in Russia as compared.with Canada _and the United States. We cannot afford-to be smug, or feel secure in a belief we have the best. The

with guns. Nor is it fought with butter. The ideological armament ‘» manufactured in the classroom

The challenge that faces us as the classrooms open for another | term is simply this: Are we ed- ucating a~race of leaders, or a | race of followers? If we are in

‘Yeed falling behind there is still |

| time to adopt drastic measures

to bring about changes in our ed- ‘ ueational system. The champion | athlete knows hard training and

| dedicated coaches coupled with

' desire ‘win championships. The yiographies of great-men and wo- ven teach us the road they fol- ywed to the pee © was not an

“assy one. dente + aie ————

‘he AgeO! d Story

Whatsoever ve do, do it ‘heart-

ily, as to the Lord, and not unto |

men,

-

lem is much deeper than that. It | years |

and “nuclear race.’ ;

conflict in ideology is not fought |

TA .