JANUARY so. 1950

mu: GUARDIAN,

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST

IMPROVEMENT.

T0 TEACHERS AND ALL IN EDUCATION

OTHERS SEEKING

DISCIPLINE

The way in iviilch matters of discipline are hand-led has a very great. influence uipon the character o1: the pupils. The first aim s-licuid oc- to prevent dit>cipliiiar_v cases from arising. When the work is interest- ing and adjusted to the ability oI the pupils, and when the social at- mosphere of the room is congenial, difficulties are not of frequent oc- currence. Good discipline depends, too, on the encouraging and syni- pathetic ﬂlllil-ldc cl tlic icaclicraiiil also on his good humour and self- control. When disciplinary cases actually arise, the contribution to character" will depend upon dis- covering bite cause, placing respon- sibility on the child for the solut- ion of the difficulty, and recogni- tion of his attempt to improve. The

think iii terms of the change to be brought about in him rather than iii terms of punishment.

Conduct which contributes to the good of others affords tho only real ‘means for personal grouth.| and, conversely, the realization of the iniiatc capacities of the-individ- ual contributes to the: total quality of the life-group. Every detail of school experience makes a contri- bution, for good or iii, tu tile chur- acter and personality of each pupil. No school should be a tlhing in it- self. Bet-ween actual life and school

life there should not be a great gulf fixed. We need an education which

fits a boy to get a living, create a desire for more education, ln- plants ideas of service, and lastly, teaches him how to spend leisure

judicious teacher will deal with 1hr; (“1“ '~‘i\-"l\ltlll_\/ and will

in a rational manner.

FERTILIZERS

. . i-c necessary bcccause the soil may have become exhaust. od in one oir more of the soluble eliincmts necessary for plant growvtii. Barnyard manure is the most common fertilizer used and the best because: (l) It costs less; (2) Adds plant food; (3) Provides good Bﬂects for years after application.

Green manure refers to crops grown for the purpose of being ploughed under as manure. Rye. mustard. buckwheat. and clover are so used.

Commercial fertilizers include lime, sodium nitrates. phosphates, etc. These contain elements that axe readily soluble. and. too. the amount of each element required

‘can be determined before applying.

Elements likely to be lacking: I. Nitrogen. 2. Phosphorus. 3. Pot-

assium. 4. Calcium.

Nitrogen produces stem and leaf growth-the essential element _of protein. Dark green of the leaves indicate a good supply. Supplied irhen lacking by: (1) crop rotation; including a legume crop; (II) man-

ure; (III) sodium nitrates; (IV) ammonium sulphate; (V) dried blood.

Phosphorus. Produces seed, par- tiouiarly by grain crops. suplied by: (l) manure; (II) ground bone; (III) ground phosphorus rock.

Potassium produces storage or- gans (potatoes). Give. stiffness to the stems of plants (hay). Supplied by: (i) manure; (II) wood ashes; (III) potash.

Calcium neutralizes the acid in the soil. Lack causes sour soil. Sour soil does not liberate plant food.

Supplied by (I) manure; (II) limo.

TROUBLESOME WORDS

So after negative is gonor- ally to be preferred to as. He is not so good as as Charles.

So. in the sense of therefore,

should not be overworked. Most,

more than: These expressions. in instances such as those below, in- volve different constructions. Your

sample is more satisfactory than I any other that I have seen. Your sample is the most satisfactory of

all that I have seen. Some place: do not use as an adverb for some- where. It must he here some-where Let's go somewhere today.

was a. little way ahead.

When, Where. (in definitions): do

not use is when or is yvliere in de-

f

ining. Trolling is drawing the

WHO 1. "England ckpccta 9WD’ ma" to do his duty."

2. "Thls time we are all in the front line."

3. "I would rather have Written those lines than take Quebec to- morrmv."

4. "We can finish the game and beat the Spaniards afterwards."

5, “Now, since I find such kind- ness on your part towards mo, I cannot choose but love and favour you; affirming that no prince in the world more favourcth his sub- jects than I do you, nor no sub- jects or Commons more lovn and obey their sovereign lord than I perceive you do."

6. "The birds are flown!"

7. "I raised such men as liad the feiir of God before them. as made some conscience oi’ what they did; and from that. day for- ward, I must say to you, they were never beaten. and wherever they were engaged against the enemy, they boat continually."

8. "I-Iis greatness at home was

but n shadow of (he glory he hurl d

The reason is that: Not. the reason is because. The reason is that there in no gasoline. Way: Not ways. in the sense of a short distance. He

line through the water by the motion

of the boat.

You and I: Correct for all nomi- native constructions. You and ma: Correct for all objective construc- tions. Casual, happening by chalice;

accidental. Causal, relating to cause and effect. Continual refers in Lillie and

may apply to what is periodically interrupted and resumed.

Continuous applies to that which is uninterrupted. and may refer to time or space. A continual waillnz. but a continuous wail.

Elegy, a reflective song or poem dealing with death.

Etllogy, formal pa-aise. not neces- sarily of one dead; an encomiu-m.

mum, u, charge with a crime- Indite, to write: compose-

Instance. an illustration or ex- ample; also, a request.

lnstants, particular of time; seconds.

movements

SAID?

abroad."

9_ "H9 l; a Prliice of royal courage. and hath a DrlﬂCE-ly heart; and rather than he will

miss or ivant part of his appetite. he will liiizard the loss of one- hulf of his kingdom."

l0, “I am not suffered to speak. Expect what; justice other people will have."

11. "I am come amon! 3'01! B5 you see at this time, not for my recreation and sport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of battle, to live and die amongst you-I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman. but I have the heart and stomach of n king, anrl of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parmn, or Spain, nr an)’ Prince °l Europe, should darn lo invade thc borders nf my realm." _

12. “Now Grid be praised, I will dlc in pcaccl"

13,. “They may ring their bells now, but they will soon be wring- ing their liuiids."

14, "Thank God. I have done my utyl"

CIIAMELEON

Tlie ability the chameleon shares with many other lizards. and they rirc able to change hccuusc they possess within the skin a grout numbcr of sniiill cells closely packed together, filled with sniiiil

granules. This causes n wliilc color by reflecting light, (ltlier cells urn full of oil-drops and ap-

licur _vcll0\v; others l'(llllillll lirown or reddish pigmciil. llllll lllf‘ (‘llaylggg l“ mim- llfp brought iiiiuut by contraction of different lliiflS of the skin, and the l ovement of

ﬁéiii coins 4T All." S7465

WITH A '

TIME-TESTED PROVEIi

Here is a prescription- fypa Buckley remedy that has proved its worth in countless can: for almost in- stantroliof of com-

the different iiirrriicuts.

Thus, whorl all the pigment is forced toward ilic surfiicc, the animal looks quite (lurk. When tho pigiiiciii is not so near the surface the color is changed to green, und wlicre there is Ilu plgmpm the skin appears yellow. These (‘llnnges appear to be under

the control of the will‘ of ilie cliiiiiiclcoii, but, lii addition. the cxtcrniil surroundings, such ns

heat. or cold, also cuuse changes in the color.

r41

(‘MIAMI/LT ('4 PSUZIJ‘

nton colds. Buckley's Cinnamotocl Capsules can bo taken indoors or out with safely because they do not produce DROWSINESS, DIZZINESS or NAUSEA. They are specially formulated to rovoni do roulon while promptly relieving the discomfort: of ovorlsli co d: such as running nose. irritated eyes, clillls, lioadoc‘ . Highly recommended for qrlppe and like maladies. Wlillo ii is desirable that Clnnamatud Capsules be taken at the ﬁrst symptom i) is not ouoiiilal. Token at any mags they lomn lho severity and shorten tlio duration of a cold. Got a tin TODAY.

BUCKLEWS CINNAMATED CAPSIJLES

Robert Burns, a famous Scottish lyflc Duel. Was born in Ayrshire. He received a meagre education. At school he received instruction in “Peumeushlif. French and giinsuration. He also read the I ‘ l° and lpeclmena of the verse and prose of the reign of Queen Anne.

l-Iis ignorance of the great body of literature compelled him to seek the sources of poetry l" “a. turn and llls own Pxperiencg m; 9814.)’ life was spent in incessant all-MEET)’ 0n the farm, At the age of fifteen he was doing the work °f l‘ lBbWTlHE man. On account of the failure of a farming ven- ture. he was on the point of start.) mg for Jamaica, when the favour- able reception of the Tarbolton edition (1786) of his poems recal- led him. He was invited to Edin- bllfzh and was idolized by the most brilliant society of the capl. tal. The proceeds from the pub. llcation of the second volume, ln 1737. enabled him to take a farm on the banks of the Nith, In 1789. he removed to Dumfrles, where he had obtained the posi- tion of an excise officer.

N0 Duet whatever his race or age. has so completely won the affection and proud admiration of his scountrymen as Robert Burns. For years his name has been a household word, and his poetry a powerful reality wherever the Scottish language is intelligible.

ROBERT BURNS (1759-1796)

regular education, continual toll, poverty, and early death were all against the manifestation of his genius.

Versatility of imagination, vigor of expression and utter veracity of desffllltion are the prime features of the poetical art of Burns.

In song he ls matchless. Among this class are Sweet Afton, High- land Mary. His humor which is often mixed with sublimlty, hor- ror or pathos is well displayed in

The Jolly Beggars and Tam 0'Shanter. His tenderness and sympathy

toward all creatures are visible in A Winter Night. the Address to

the Mountain Daisy, and To A Field Mouse.

I-Ils graphic power in describing natural and social lcenc; ls

shown in The Cotter’: Saturday Night, The Brig: of Ayr, and Halloween. -

He is the poet of common h“. manity, whose every-day toil, joys, sorrows and aspirations he glori- fied by his song. It may be said his songs gushed from hi: heart as rain from the clouds of sum- mer or tears from (he eyellds start.

"His true life," said Lord Rose- bery. "began with his death; with the body passed all that was gross and impure; the clear spirit stood revealed and soared at once to its accepted place among the fixed stars in the flrmament; 9f tare

Yet the circumstances of his life —llls lOWIY Orlglll. brief and ir-

The‘ main characteristics of deuluvracy include the following:

1. The sovereign power rests in the collective body of the peg. PIE- DBIHOCPBC)’ Promotes govern- ment ‘>1 the 1160919. by the people, for the people.

2- Although decisions are by the mﬂlﬂrlt)’ the rights of minorities “F! Tesllectcd, and, in turn, min. orltles must. be ready and willing to co-operate for the common good,

zens should be consulted on all important matters, either directly or through their elected represen- tatlves.

4. The government exists for the gfod and welfare of all the pen. PP. 5- MB"? right! and privileges 8T8 guaranteed to the individual. TllESP. however, are limited by his responsibilities to the state.

6. Four freedoms are assuqlhted

Britain has recognized Commun. lSt China. In Pelping, the Chln. ese Communist capital, a hole Slgned by Ernest Bevin was hand. Ed to Chou Enlal, Communist Chlnas Foreign Minister. It said: "m! Mulesl-yk Government ob- serving ihat the (Peiping regime) is now in effective control of by far the greatest part of the terri- tory of China, have this day rec. ognlzed that Government as the d6 lure Government of China.” Britain's capital investment in China, totalling “more than three

hundred million sterling, is greater than that of any other nation. British capital in China

owns shipping firms, coal mines, banks, trading firms, telephone systems, real estate, and British business men want to find out Wllelllel‘ they can get alonz with the Communists. Prime Minister of Jawaharlai Nehru. Foreign Minister and Pi-emler 0f CEYIOH 1S D. S. Senenayake. Canada's External Affairs Min. liter ls Hon. L. B. Pearson.

India is

A summary is a "cut down" statement, and it may reprggenl any type of composition-essay, story, poem, letter or speech. Ils greatest value is the demand it makes upon us to read, and to listen carefully and thoughtfully. into a few well-ordered sentences we must put ‘the “pith" of a PHFHEPBPll. or ev a whole page. and the result must be clear, brief and interesting.

Hints on writing a summary: l. Try to get the main ldca of the selection by thoughtfully read- int; it to the end.

l. Never be dlscourteous even if you are provoked.

2. Weigh carefully the opinions of others ln the group,

3. Be truthful in all your state- menls.

4. Be tactful and good humored in opposing another’; views.

Perhaps the mast familiar syn- tlietlc resin product was developed commercially in 190'.‘ by Leo Hendrik Baekeland. a Belglan. born chemist who did much work in the United States. From his name was derived the trade name Bakelite,

Bakelite and plastics like it have two basic ingredients: phenol, which is a coal tar product, and formaldehyde, which is ulually ob- tnlned from one form of alcohol. When allowed to react at a cult- able temperature, the phenol and formaldehyde yield a clear amber- colored iiolld. Thin ll called the

Neoprene i| the commercial name for a rubber-like plastic which ls superior to natural rub- ber in many relpectl. Coal, lime- stone and salt provide the raw materials for Neoprefle. A Ger- man producbaﬂunn, is another rubber-like plastic, ~ - Though more expensive

than l

-

Classes of Soil Bacteria. We

but lilso as a buly factory where

L

3, Whenever feasible, the citi-

immortals."

DEMOCRACY

with democracy: freedom of Speech. freedom from want, free. dom from fear, freedom of wor. ship.

7- Deml-‘lf-‘Fﬂcy la dynamic and l5 renewed and continued only throulh education, or: t: gﬁgntligratic lllilctlefytendeav.

v e equa . tunity for all. y O upper

9 Human personality is supreme. Human values are stres- 595- Respect for personality and provision for self improvement and enrichment are basic. Indeed it is becoming increasingly apparent that if democracy is to survive, our schools must assume inn-eased responsibilities in educating our youth in its principles and prac. tlce. Tolerance, respect for the rights of others, fair play, and m. Oileration must be lived in the classroom. Truly, the future of demmfllﬁy largely rests with edu- cation. T.M.I,

held

CURRENT EVENTS

The Minister of the new Depart- ment of Citizenship and Immigra- tion, Canada, is Walter E. Harris.

Revenue Minister McCann took over the new Department of Mines and Technical Surveys as well as retaining his present pom. folio.

Ralph Mﬂybank is parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys,

The new Departments of Citizen- Sllli) and Immigration, of Re. sources and Development, and n; Mines and Technical Surveys were created by Acts of Parliament pas- sed at the last session of pgrlla. melll. They divide the functlgng of the old Resources and Recon. struction Departments and the Citizenship Branch of the State secfelllry’: Department.

Minister of Resources and De- velvpmeiit is Mr. winters,

Minister of Agriculture. Canada is Hon. .7. G. Gardiner. l

President of the Canadian Fed. eration of Agriculture is Dr. H. H. Hannam,

WRITING SUMMARY

2- Reed it again. this time 1.».- tinz down the main ideas in each paragraph, .

3- Uilflg your own words, fry to condense the Qhought to om, fourth or one-third of its orig. lnal length.

4, Strike out. all and illustrations,

5- D° ""1 add Your own opinion about any idea expressed in the article,

6. Go over the summary you have made to make sure that it '5 as 6198!‘. brief. and smooth as you can make it,

explanations

RULES TO OBSERVE IN CLASS DISCUSSIONS

5. Stick to the topic under dis- cusslon.

6- SPPllk Clearly and distinctly.

7- All“ at Vaflely of sentence structure,

3. D0 not have a pfepafpﬂ Bueech. but be ready to conlrl. bu“? "Yllelhlll! to the discussion.

BAKELITE

primary stage. Further heating 191M189: the chemical construction of this solid info a permanently hard substance which can resist almost all chemical attacks. The chemlcll f-‘llﬂﬂlle which takes place is known as polymerization.

I" the Production of articles, the ehgnvlform ldeliyds combination in "l! l°ll<l Primary stage ls ground into a fine powder and is mixed with any desired fillers or colour- ing materials, and is pressed into molds of the desired shape. Heat and pressure are applied which cause the powder to change its form. A thin-walled object may be molded in less than a minute,

NEOPRENE

natural rubber, neoprene is used in increasing amount; because it resists oil, heat, sunlight and many other chemicals and condi- tions which quickly render na- tural rubber uleleu. Neoprene and Buna differ from natural rub- ber in their chemical composition.

SOIL BACTERIA

great numbers of bacteria and

should think of the nail not men-- other organisms are constantly at ly an a storehouse for the plant. work. These organisms arc found

ln greatest numbers near thebiur-

CI-IARLOTTETOWN

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face.

Netrifying Bacteria.

The plant food in the soil must

be dissolved iii water before itI can enter the plant. Most of the} nitrogen in the soil is contained in the humus or partially decom- posed vegetable maiier. Before this nitrogen can he taken up by the routs of the plant it must ho converted into nitrates, a form which dissolves readily in soil water. The bacterial which bring about this transformation of the nitrogen are knoivn as nitrifying bacteria, Without their valuable aid little of the nitrogen in the soil would be available for use by plants, Nitrogen - Fixing Bacteria. If you dig up carefully the roofs of alfalfa. sweet clover, or other leguminous plants you will find on thciii a number of small lumps. These nodules or iuiicrcles are produced by bacteria, for which they serve as ll homo. Those bac- teria tziko the nitrogen from -soii air and “fix" it in n form for use by tho plant. Tlicy lire called "nitrogen-fixing" bacteria. If a legume crop is ploughed under. a valualilr- supply of nitrogen is addcd to the soil with little ex- pense, and in n form that is read- ily available to other plants. De-Niirifyinf: Bacteria, Not nll foriris of bacteria iii iho soil are beneficial in mun. Sonic buctcrltl attiick nifrutcs in ‘tlic soil and eiilicr sr-t frcc thr- nitrogen or convert it info n form that crin- not he llSPfl by plants, Those harmful hncloria arc known as dc- nitrifyiiig bacteria,

aeecmmwc

This Department la con- h. ducted by the Prince Edward 5| Island Teachers’ Federation. n, Contributions are welcomed if‘ lnd should be addrrssed l" .,‘ Mlllar ltlaclfiidyln. 8 l 2 Fbl- - _‘) ling St. Charlottetnwn.

VINNKDAAA-‘Q.

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LII-HT

FLUORESCENT DEBATE

SPARKS ART I LONDON, Jan. 24 — (CP) —Ex-

perts divide in argument over, whether fluorescent lighting is

harmful to art masterpieces.

The Slade Schocl has removed all

fluoresceiits from its gallery. but the National Gallery is retaining

its fixtures. though ercperiment-

ing to see whether fear may be

justified.

William Coldstream, head of

the Slade School, holds that fho-

esceiit lighting harms pigments; and canvas of the old master iecesq l-Ie says the Louvre in Pari has- had the same experience and also‘ has changed its lighting system. f The National Gallery has sent

experts to the Louvre to discuss it

with Technical Advisor Cogniard.

of the Department of Fine Arts.

Meanwhile artists note that. Graham Sutherland, one of Eff-L taint; leading coitemporaiies, i paints by fluorescent light rather than by daylight.

Another who eschews daylight, is Pablo Picasso, who. hntvever“

employs ordinary electric llghtingi

Cao

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I. C. SAINT, General Agent, Charlottetown J. E. PHILLIPS, General Agent, Summersido

Q Deep are the Roots Strong is the Tree

"We celebrate this year our Fiftieth Anniversary . . . In the fifty years since its inception, the Crown Life has had a very vigorous growth-a growth not just of size but of strength and capacity for service. The acorn has transformed itself into a strong, deep-rooted oak. Today. we look forward with firm confidence to our second half

century o f progress. ’ ’ —Fmnl mum'- Add-mu at Growl! Life Annual Meeting, January 27. I950.

Policies In Force—$665.890,269.00 Assets—$120,891,493.97 Surplus Funds—$8,883,853.6o New Policies in 1949—$114.9oo,577.oo

Paid or Credited to Policyholders and Beneﬁciaries in 1949~sz1,z47.7z3.49

WN-LIFE

Iusunanca Company

Home Office, Toronto

1950

MARITIME BRANCH OFFICE: l4 Church Siia, Moncton

Night Glubs Bow To Evening llats, liesigns Run Wild

IDNDON, Jan. W! — (GP) — The latest, "night-cap" @0910 ln London is not the best liqueur. It's what madam will wear with her latest evening gown.

Women and fashion have won the battle with the restaurateur. It is no/w fashionable, and allow- able, to wear a hat with fbrmal evening wear. allowed their imagination full range.

The hat-s themselves are mostly small, demure, head-hugging a!- fall's. It's the plumage that takes the day.

They are embroidered with any- thing from sequins to sea-shells. Feathers may make the compete hat or be used in decoration as in one small velvet skull-cap set dia- gonally with four huge brushes of ‘ pastel fealhers--scmewhat like’ crossed sheaves of corn.

‘Tulle. net and organdie are used for small egg-shell caps deco a ed with flowers, leaves and fruit.

Crossed bards of sequins create small skull-caps sometimes finish- cd with velvet bllflls to make tiny boniicts. Hugh drooging o trlch feathers may cover one ear or a tifil spray o: osprey may curl hi h above the forehead. l

Sequined and figured veiling ll the only decoration on some of the tiny veli/et skull-caps. but they can be mounted by huge, decorative, jewclled hat pins.

The new hat fashion has. given rise to sets of matching bags. gloves, hats and sometimes even shoes.

A hat of woven ostrich feathers iii bright flame ls combined with gloves and ha: in suede and velvet stitched with bright beading.

Some of the prettiest evening hats seen iii London for a long time are the white grosgrains set with gold, jet and crystal embroi- dery and sometimes finl<hed with iewclled feather mounts. GrOY-l grain hag ard shoes can be madel to match. Gloves are suede. l

To complement the tiny hats.‘ short hairstyles and low neck- l

Kéifiil

Acilzs a

“$5.555?

GQNUNI ASPIIN lS MARKED THIS WAY

LOWEST PRICE! i1 won. l" 1| lnbloh. 1M IIBNI

lines. are many new designs in long, chandelier-drop earrings.

The Paris fashion sequined

The regular meeting of Cove Y. P. U. was held at the home

R. C. MocDONALD, LL.B., C.L.U., Superintendent.

of lewelled. lacquered masks of net or lace has its British QQllIIIEYDBTt ll'i JEWEIIBG frames and lorgneiites.

cauoalcovc y. P. u.

the Missionary Society. MacKii-inon kindly invited

members to meet at his eye lnext meeting.

MacDou/gnll, President —- Kathleen l l‘

Canoe Secretary

Sick Committee-Mn.

of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel MacLean lino-Kenna.

on January 10th.

Meeting ope-led by singing "What followed by rqpﬂlilllg the Lord's Prayer in unison.

The strip-fore was taken John 1:16-13 and read by Rera MacNevln.

The lesson for tlhle erg/Bull“! W8! : ~e b Charles ac ev n. Taking their cue, miliiners have liﬁgingyof “Lord rm Con“, g norm,» then cicscd the devotional pe iod. llous lunch wn

It was decided to sciid $5.00 to ‘tess and a social hour e103 ed.

a ﬁicnd"

CANADIAN sizusizatstecuzic

COMPANY LlMlTID

Fadyen . Condolence

MacLean. Prabyterial

from

The

"lllillllN" household tasks

h the housework mlllll

Inﬂow, when 7°" u" d light. For thI a-E Fluorescent

You got throuﬂ

button mud‘ working l" S" 9hr‘: lllllndfYi ‘h. ‘ ' H" “gm “n” Lumps give c brlihli w

ll Ho daylight. Easy lo lmlu :n'll“lir\.o‘i:ponsl.: to buy. All: Your

5.5 doctor IMQW

Maclllad-

Sal dy Mackenzie and Mrs. Colin Mac- I

Charles t he home for

The Following officers were aip-'

spectacle lpolnted for the ccming year: v Honorary PI'€SICI€I\t—-u\/II'5. Albert;

en, vice-President-Rena MacNevinll Trea=urer —Caroline

Conunittee-Jerrold.

Committee — Mrs.‘ Archie MacKlnnoi and Sadie Mac- ‘Fadyen. The meeting was broughli, ‘to a close by repeating the Mizrpahl Benediction after which a delic- sei-ved by the hos-