\

r fiuardiau

E Coven Prince Edward Island Like an new

_’?lISnNi every week-day morning at 165 Prince street f"’|f'tt9tosvn, P.E.I.. by the Thomson Company Ltd. .33 A. Burnett, Publisher and General Manage! “ Frank Walker, Editor Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Member of The Canadian Pres: , Member Adult Bureau of Circulation: Hncn offices at Summerside. Montague and Alberto) Ieiaresented Nationally by- Thomson Newspapen i Advertising Service . “ King Street West. Toronto. Ont. 640 Cathcart St., Montreal 1030 West Georgia Street, Vancouver Carrier Charlottetown. Summerside s15.oo pet I!- .l'fl. Elsewhere in P.E.l. $9.00. Other Provinces lld U.S. 612.00 per annum.

The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink.”

' FRIDAY, JAN., 31, 1958

LGE 14

._

Fisheries Edition

We take pride in publishing today ‘Jr special edition covering the fish- ; ies industry of Prince Edward , land. From earliest settlement {iys, this industry has been of prime ‘iiportance and despite develop- ients in other lines it remains basic _’ our economy and way of life. We five endeavored to show, not only fist and present developments; but ;e prospects for future expansion; ’§id we are grateful to all who have loperated in making the picture as. lmplete as possible.

We are in an age of new methods .1 hich are revolutionizing both our rming and fishing activities. Our 1;.-ioducers are well aware of this

ifoblem and have made marked pro-

yess in rec nt years in modernizing ‘-‘L-th industEies. But there is much it to be done. In fisheries, particu- . arly, there can be no standing still. Tie industry presents special dif- zulties, but we have also special dvantages in our proximity to teem-

1 g sources ofsupply and in the long -adition and experience which our fiéhermen have acquired. Given im- Ioved transportation and processing "cilities—and there will be no let- ‘ii to demands for improvement in‘ ,ese direction_s—-we can see a bright Tture for this great industry; one ‘ghich will bring/in more and more , venue to the Province, provide "inployment and keep our energetic iiung people at home, where they along. - ‘

, Our New Senator

Congratulations are due to Capt. fghn J. MacDonald, of Glenfinnan, [hose appointment to the Senate Canada was announced yesterday. "'llS appointment fills the vacancy used by the death of Senator Mc- .’*tyre, and brings the Prince Ed- " 0 1rd Island quota of four members ff) to full strength. ' ’ J,‘ Senator MacDonald has been as- ,,ciated with the Conservative ?§irty for many years, and on two ljitcasions ran as party candidate fir Third Queens in provincial elec- ‘ fins. He’is a leading farmer in his flmmunity and has a fine record service in the military forces. He

an able speaker, and has been '

itive in_ many, organizations, show-

leadership qualities of a high

Wider. There is no doubt but that he A .5:-ill discharge his new duties well jjid conscientiously, and will be of hirvice particularly as spokesman of agricultural interests.

Mr. Dulles & The Palct

U.S. Secretary of State Dulles is

hing his best to assure the nations

the Baghdad Pact that the Unit- States means business in its pro- llssed determination to resist Com- jiunist aggression in the Middle East ljider the provisions of the “Eisen- jkbwer, Doctrine”. He seems to. have zund, however, that what most of 3 -_ie governments concerned di- V:-ct military and economic aid [rath- than formal protestations of iiendship. Some of them, according I l

flliainly interested in is more

reports coming out of the area,

,;‘e disappointed in the Secretary’s

—‘H‘,bproach to immediate problems.

.v. In Teheran, for example, just be- re leaving for Ankara to attend

Wffade an eloquent little' speech in 'i“'_“,l,‘hich he said how glad he was to be .»”1ere, praised the government of Ce country and congratulated the -anians on the nice weatheri they 1 ere having. When questioned by ~porters about the prospects of ore American aid, all he would say as that he and the Shah “had ac- . implished a good deal in under- anding each other”. On his arrival Ankara he contented himself with pserving that “the United ‘States . oks forward to a fruitful continua- ion of its association with the

‘_ aghdad Pact”;

The fact of the matter is that an, Iraq, Pakistan and Turkey- “_.;ie countries which, with Britain, “7 fade up the organization—are be-

are I

file meeting of the Pact, Mr. Dulles '

coming increasingly dissatisfied with the United States’ semi-official con- nection with the pact. They are vir- tually demanding that the United States either come in as a full mem- 'ber or refrain from trying to dom- inate the policies of the organization. President Eisenhower and Mr. Dulles are for ever talking about American “interest” in the pact; but so long as that interest falls short of active participation and commit- ments there will be some suspicion among member nations of American ’ motives.

' A Fine Example

A fine example has been shown by Mr. and Mrs. R. 1... Cotton in their encouragement of rural beautifica- tion. Some years ago they set up with the Provincial Government a $100,000 trust fund which resulted in the establishment of the splendid Cotton Memorial Nursery at Bun- bury. This nursery has expanded and has attracted much favourable comment from visitors as well as benefiting our horticulturists. On various occasions they have offered other portions of land which could be developed as camp sites and picnic grounds, and. they have now donated forty acres at Strathgartney, in one of the most beautiful parts of the Province, for this purpose.

In cepting the gift, Premier Matheson has announced that the land will be developed in coopera- tion with federal authorities under the Department of National Resour- ces. It is conveniently located, on the Trans-Canada Highway and will be a greatasset and convenience to ‘the travelling public.

All our. citizens will warmly in- dorse the Premier’s expression of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Cotton for their generosity. Their zeal for bene- fiting their native Province has found an ideal outlet, and the re- sult will be of value not only to their fellow citizens of today, but to gen- erations yet unborn.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The leading English-language magazine in Rangoon is called the “Guardian”. No doubt, it covers Burma like the rice.

. 1: -c 1‘ 1+ A report from F'nland sais that unemployment in that c untry “threatens to reach the highest figure since the 1930’s.” Strangely so far Mr. Pearson hasn’t got around to blaming Prime Minister‘ ‘Diefen- baker and his colleagues for that state of affairs. It is possible, of course, that the report hasn't come’ to his attention. ' ' " t -k * ‘Finance Minis_ter Fleming told the, Commons that “telegrams in- forming» the Provinces of the new _tax proposal did not reach’ two Pre- miers because of a telegraph oper- ator’s ‘falldown’ ". By “falldown",. presumably, he meant neglect". That certainly needs looking into. It’ sounds almost incredible. 9' ii i This is the time of year when most of the churches and their af- filiated organizations hold their an- nual meetings. Reports are present- ed, activities of the past year are re- viewed and plans are made for the future. The effectiveness of these programs has a bearing. not only . on the life of the congregations di- rectly involved but on the commun- ity as a whole.

1' f *

The Government has been critic- ized in the Commons-—and probably elsewhere—for' taking “unilateral” action and not giving the provinces a chance to: reply before initiating the new taxsharing legislation. What the critics conveniently forget to say is that the arrangement is an interim one to enable Provincial Governments to make up their bud- gets, pending a more permament ar- rangement later on.

Q C «V-

This Province lost alfine citizen in the passing of Mr. W. R. Cruik- shank, retired manager of the Royal Bank of Canada. His qualifications were widely recognized in the bank- ing fraternity, but he was also a

ganizations, in whose activities he took the keenest interest. Quiet and unostentatious in manner, he made friends easily and left a deep im- pression on them of his character and ability. Although not a native of this Province, he became one by adoption and few of our business men have been more enthusiastic in promoting our interests. The Guar- dian joins in extending sympathy to the bereaved wife and family at this

time.

tower of strength to many local or- '

' C 3,3 - /\ P T‘. / 4

THE ECHO

Studying The Ocedn Floor

National Geographic Society

Scientists hope to pry _ open Davy Jone’s locker to read‘ the

-private diary of the earth.

Powdered rock, silt, plants, shells, bones, and metorites have been dropping into the ocean abysses for billions of. years. Layer after layer ofsedimentary rock has formed, providing an eons-old chronicle of earthly hap- penings. In places this record may go back to the time when oceans were first formed.

A new branch of science has developed in recent years to study the_history carved in stone at the bottom of the sea. Known as marine geology, it is so new that until 1948 there was no En- glish-language textbook in the

, field. Now there are several. “ DRILLING THE FLOOR

A major breakthrough occurred when a Swedish scientist, Dr. B. Kullenberg, invented the piston corner —- a device for removing a long column of ocean sediment. So far, scientists have barely scratched the ocean floor with this promising technique, but they hope drilling will eventually help 0 answer such questions as

“Whe n did life begin?” and‘

'fHow old is the earth?”

‘5 Barely explored at all, the sea ‘floor. covers about 70 per cent of

the globe. Until recently men paid little attention to it, except to indicate depths. close- to shore for the benefit of seamen. But

little by little surprising facts have come to light.

Far from being flat or nearly so, the bottom of the ocean is rugged. There are enormous mountain ranges such as the ma- jestic Mid-Atlantic. Ridge and chasms as big as Grand Canyon. The Swedish Deep - Sea Expedi- tion of 1947-48 reported that their fathometers r a r e 1 y revealed more than a. few consecutive miles of plain.

The sea is relatively shallow close to land. Here the ocean floor is known as a continental shelf. A shelf drops off in a steep slope, forming the wall of the deep-sea basin. Such slopes range in height to about 30,000 feet, ranking them among the most im- posing features on the earth. ,

The great fisheries of the world are generally located in waters 1:- b 0 v e the continental shelves where fish find an abundance of food. But the shelves themselves are now acquiring importance, .because of their oil-bearing rock. Already wells on the continental -shelf inithe Gulf of Mexico are producing oil for consumers. DEEPEST Pz’{RT_ OF OCEAN - Though shelves ‘are economical- ly more significant at present, the deeps are more intriguing to scien- tists. Man has climbed the high- est mountain on earth, but he has not reached anywhere near the

New Concept Needed

Globe and Mail. Toronto

In the aggregate, 92 per cent of the Canadian students. "expenses in attending university comes from his own and his family’s re- sources, ac_cordi:._' to the Indus- trial Foundation on Education. There are many i-ndifidual instan- ces, of course, in which the whole cost would have to come from these sources. This is the reason a great many Canadian young people do not attend university.

Less than 8 per cent of the cost of attending university is borne by scholarships and bursaries. This proportion will have to be substantially increased if the handicap of expense is to be re- moved. Scholarships now avail- able are in many instances too small to pay ev -the full tuition

. fees. not to speak of the living

expenses. C "- frequently too, scholarships were set up by peo- ple with a certain interest or pur- pose in mind, and the money may be awarded only to students who qualify in a specific way, either

Drought

The Soviet Government has an- nounced belatedly, that 1957 was a year of prolonged drought in parts of Russia and Kazakhstan, with “grim conditions” develop- ing over a “vast territory.” No details are added but people who lived in Western Canada during the 19305 will have no difficulty in visualizing some of them.

To many, however, it must seem more than strange that Mr. Khrushchev ‘launched his offen- sive against Nature with su ch blithe confidence that nothing of this kind could happen. The vir- gin lands program was a mass at- tack on uncultivated acres rang- ing from semi-arid to arid to de- sert tracts. Many thousands of young people, drawn in good part from the cities of European Rus- sla, were pressed into this great frontier gamble. And month by mouth the Communist newspapers triumphantly announced the lat- est figures on land breakings as if these in themselves were incon-

_ trovertible proofs of the Govern-

ment’s wisdom.

How was if possible for Mr. Khrushchev, who is always boas- tins; of the superiority of the So- viet planned economy, to ignore the obvious fact that the Russians were doing exactly what North .~\mc1‘icans, without benefit

of planning, had done some decades

by background or by entering a favored c-ourse. .

Another element in the picture is the relatively high level of fees in Canadian universities. Our in- stitutions of higher learning de- pend on tuition fees for 29.6 per cent of their income (1955-56). Those in the United States ob- tained 22.1 per cent from this source, and in the United King- dom, the proportion of university income derived from fees in that year was only 10.7 per c-nvt.

In the View of the foundation, there is an urgent need for much larger sums of money for use in scholarships and bursaries, not

‘ only to pay fees. but to help with living expenses also. It suggests that a practical method of accom- plishing this end would ‘ , for pri- vate industry to contribute to the foundation, which in turn would collaborate with the universities on request in the distribution of ‘the funds.

There is no question of the need

In Russia

Free Press

before? The results here were drought, the dust bowl and the enforced recognition that a sound agriculture cannot be built up- on such undiscriminating use of land. But Mr. Khrushchev, dis- dainfully rejecting warnings from this side of the Atlantic, charged ahead as if the plough was the answer to everything.

_ Virgin a.cres, generally speak- ing, are a reasonably good gamble in the first years. It is not sur- prising that Mr. Khrushchev did well in his first year. But Na- ture's counter-offensive has come sooner than might have been ex- pected. If the dust follows. it will have been established that soil and wind take no account of ine- ology. There may have been some even in Russia, who suspected this from the outset.

If Mr. Khrushchev’s economic calculations are obscure, his pol- itical stake in the virgin lands campaign is obvious enough, His bold plans and his slogan about catching up with and surpassing the United States served him well

V315. It is impossible to avoid the suspicion that his economic plans had a large political content and that Mi‘. Klll'CiSllCllCV, in conse- quence, has some direct respon- sibility for the “griin conditions" now reported from Russia.

the face of ’

in his struggle with political ri-,

—P—UBt.TC FORUM _

Thl column in «Ipen to? the discu- oion by correspondent: of question ‘of Interest. The Guardian does not neces- sarily endoi.-sq tho opinion of corru- pondento_ v ~

ACTIVITIES COMMENDED

Sir ,—Ten years ago, while serv- ing as a Councillor .myself, I ipersuaded Mr. Edwin Johnstone "to nominate for the City Council. I"have never regretted doing so. During the intervening years I have followed his activities in the Council and I feel that he has served our city faithfully wisely and is now deserving of the honour of beipg Mayor of Charlottetown.

It is to be hoped that everyone has read his address publis in yesterdays Guardian and Pa riot.

If his Financial report at to- night’s annual meeting is as en- couragingas last years when the city had a good surplus and a small reduction in the debt, citi- zens should have no trouble in deciding how to mark their ballot on Election Day. ‘ ‘

I am, Sir, etc., . C.‘M. COX

4

Charlottetown.

lowest point in the sea.

But cameras are probing deep. Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau, head of the 1956 Calypso exped- ition sponsored by the National Geographic Society and the Par- is Museum of Natural History, succeeded in making photographs, with a camera lowered 25,000 feet in the Romanche Trench, one of the deepest places in the Atlan- tic. These photographs —- the deepest ever made showed rock shelves and large pebbles.

‘The greatest ocean deep accep- ted by National Geographic car- tographers is the 35,640 - foot Challenger Depth in the Mariana Trench of the Pacific,

for scholarships, but the paradox of a successful scholarship prog- ram is that the more students it enables to attend university, the greater the burden of building ac- commodation — and provision -of staff that the numbers. impose.

It is fairly certain that about double the present enrollment in universiti s will be in attendance ten years’ from now. If, in addi- tion, all who ought to go to uni- versity were finally assisted, as requir i, there might be twice as many more — or about 330,,000. Along with schola; hips must go direct aid to the universities which will enable them to cope with the enroll’ ents. An entirely new concept of university support is needed in this country.

OLD DRAMATIST

William Congreve, the 18th cen- tury English dramatist,. was a law student before turning to lit- erature.

CONDITION IMPROVED

NEW YORK (CP)—Conductor Pietro Cimara, 58. who collapsed on the podium of the Metropol- itan Opera Monday night during a performance of Verdi’s La Forza del Destino. was reported “greatly improved” but still in critical condition in hospital Wed-. nesday. He suffered a slight stroke during the first act of the opera. Walter Hagen, 37-year-old second violinist, took over and the performance went on without

a break.

ACT AGAINST J AYWALKERS

TORONTO (CP) — Ontario pe- destrians who cross intersections against a red light may be liable to prosecution shortly, it was re- ported Wednesday. Legislation to

prosecution may be introduced at next month‘s session of the legis- lature. Under existing legislation, pedestrians crossing against red lights are only guilty of an of- fence if they interfere with traf- fic.

MAXIMS

A t€a('ll9r affects eternity: he can never tell where his influ- ence stops.

make such jaywalkers liable to-,_ Edwa,-d1S1and_

May Help Those l

Varicose Veins By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D.i

WHILE elastic stockings are {=1 3 great aid to Pe¥”S0n5 with Va“'l cose veins, there are a lot Of other things W“ C“ l’ed.°t‘.°“° every dav (0 9359 the col‘ 110"‘

If ‘you have Varicose Veins: f01' example you should avoid sit- ting or standing ‘in one spot fol‘ long periods of time. Remalnlng still may bring on C0mP1‘°a“°'.‘S by~making the blood stasnate "1 the lower areas of the 1985-

WALK AROUND 1

Therefore, if you.SP€nd 3 _°t of time in the evening Watchmg television, be sure to get “P 3“d walk around at least once every hour. This is 300‘! advlce eve’; for those of Y0? WT"? are ."(?e troubled by varicosities, fsmof it will help prevent f0rn_18 :0:1nd any blood clots which m1gh_ _e to develop from prolonged sitting.

Besides, it will giV8 V0111‘ eyes a chance to rest. too-

STRETCII YOUR LEGS

Even if you are traveling on a plane or train, get up and Walk around every half ‘hour or so. And if you are driving, park #01‘ a few minutes and get 0"‘ and stretch your legs-

Exercise is 200d f0" P°‘_'5°“3. with vericose veins. W a 1 n g_. swimming and the. familiar bi- cycle type of exercise are espe- cially helpful in stimulating cir- culation. ‘

It's good for you _to put V001‘ feet up on your desk while Y0“ are working, too. If the boss ob- jects, just explain that you have vericose veins, am‘-1 e1eV8tlng your feet makes it easier for the blood to return to the heart.

, .

REST YOUR rear .

If you have\\a workbench in- stead of a desk, sitting on a high stool with your feet resting on the top rung will be of help. This is good advice, also, for Y0“ women who can make use of such a stool while peeling pota- toes or doing other kitchen Jobs.

Whi1e'I am speaking particu- larly to women, let me advise against wearing round_ elastic garters. They cut off circulation and are especially bad for any- one with varicose veins.