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NEWS Y

BY AGBICOLA

NOTES

I Q-Irilzercar. NOTES

-- .- o an - ' ik-ut ical ex o.“ anu-lvfeliitleman W110 15 wit; ma: science. he called “on ,0 g piunt which I e m jdcntiiy- 55 I w“ n, 1,0 13v. N. l... Britten. wyonr Botanical Garden. W specimen of this Pllmt- Jaflyittfill determined as ' umbcllota (L) Nutt- .. know“ 3,.- ihe Bastard l‘ This is rm addition to the ‘a E, 1,, since it docs not any pypYiOLlS list. but that h 01g claim to distinction. "Linn: of u. livini,’ by the grulc. the simple plan, that d rake who hive "l9 4n other words, by robbing hbours, The Comandra is

H .1,’ ,g,-¢.»n coloring mutter) , sufficient for its use. so it W, mop,- which pcnerate “Mar-by trees and shrubs. p5" them for water and in- , subgtancrs in solution. The ,. host in this case was l. 1 Poison Ivy which was gundant lll its locality.

B,” {cw plants found here we ndoptvfl similar irregu- m1“ thc collection of the l, John Mucoun, in the ilerbitrititn, thcre is an t of such u scinijlarasite from “and; it is thc small Mistle- pnsuthobiuiti pusillum P801!- pu plant. which is less than .. in llciulil, grotvs on the at spIllCL‘ and larch, send- mks into the wood. and 1g‘ nourishment therefrom. .. maliorntntions resembling pcailcd "Witches Brooms.” it our semipnrnnites, however, true roots which maintain ion with the earth and oth- .. happrollfidli‘. the sap which plants have manufactured for om use. Such are the little .. hi, the ‘fellow Rattle. and (hw-viieat, all inhabitants of pastures. and all levying toll the grasses.

the truc parasites, which have pltyll and therefore must lii their food from the rob- olothct" plants, I have found ~ linens in thc Island. nor do appear in thc lists of former - er group. still more degen- tut just as curious in their t are known usnsaprophytes. hve no chlorophyll or very lllil the lcztvcs, not having button. arc reduced to mere lite pants therefore live on ~: substances of vegetable such as dead leaves on the tl rich woods. Such aub-

Smc; its leaves contain,

stances are rendered assimllable by a "fungus-mantle" which covers the roots or rhizomes of the saprophyte. and breaks up the organic matter into a form in which it is readily absorbed. The fungus also acts, in the same fashion as root-hairs do, in taking up water from the soil for the use of the plant. The Indian Pipe (Monotropa), Pine-sap, and Corallorhiza. are local example ‘of such plants.

Lastly there is a group of plants which derive their food from the capture of insects. The Round-leav- ed Sundew (Drosera) inhabits bog- gy places in both hemispheres, and ls abundant here. As such localities are usually deficient in nitrogenous substances, which are necessary in seed production, the leaf of the Sun- .dew is covered with tentacles hav- ing glutinous tips, and on an insect allghting on the glittering surface it is firmly held. The tentacles bend over and enclose it, and the juices of the victim are absorbed by the leaf. Darwin published the results of extensive experiments with this plant, and showed how, when the plants were fed with shreds of meat, the number and weight of the seeds were increased. The Horned Blad- derwort, which wag found last year by Mt. H. A. Messervy, growing in one of thesmall lake of the Island has little bladders on its leaf-stalks each provided with a kind of trap- door opening inward. Small aquatic insects enter these bladders or ut- rlcules, and are prevented from os- caping ' by the valvular lid: they eventually die and their remains supply nitrogenous material to be absorbed by the plant. The Sana.- ccnla or Pitcher Plant, found in our bogs, has its tubular leaves partly filled with drowned insects, which are understood to benefit the plant in much the same manner-

Leavlng these curiosities of plant life. we turn to a. small group of a more common occurrence. ‘The Sheep Sorrel, recently noticed in these columns, has larger relatives commonly known as Docks, the gen- us scientifically called Rumex- We are-credited with three varieties. viz. R. obtusifolius, B. crispua, and R. sanguineus, the last on the au-

"R. sanguineus ls a large red-leav- ecl herb growing by streams and used as a salad." I have found this very plant growing as described by Bain, but the best botanical auth- orltles-who were not supplied with the fruit however, owing to the the plant being taken too early- are inclined to believe it is R. crisp- us, and further state that R. san- guinus is not Canadian. But to me it does not look like the typical crispus, although it may be a. sub-

Faced with a serious ec

"filly. the death rate eq

birth control.

i nted by the theory tha

nation. unable to

Canada 's Oin The Upgrade

(Toronto Mail and Empire)

onomic situation, Canadians

‘lake contfort from a look at the future. An emin- llnited States statistician, Dr. L. J. Dublin of the u politun Life Assurance Company, predicts that the lation of the Republic is losing its power of increase __tltat within less than forty years it will become

ualling the birth rate. After

it believes that there will be a further decrease in Irth rntc and a rapid decline in the number of people lint; the neighboring country. He specifies the » of this decline as decreasing fertility, combined

.These ‘statements have a profound interest for Can- ~ Ull to the present time this country has always been

t. no limit could be placed on

flnlvth of the overshadowing colossus to the south Hotel-national border. Always it has seemed that lulation of the Republic would expand indefinitely tl-hundred million and three hundred million and until-ed million and so on) that, consequently, its llacturing industries would forever throw Canadian ~ es into the shade; and that before long the over-

feed itself, would fake all

“ s expnrluble foodstuffs. If the premises be wrong

"file theory falls to the ground.

out (act

lfef

enucti, Mn. Elbfcok and others, we lnullllus farm “g "l"- "Illy in Great B tillers “mllf

It is tit‘), ‘ of ill ltated e _ ...,'."',,';',, 1);;

lhese calculations put forward by the American y named are to be acceptedthey onlyemphaslze that Canada shouldllook permanently to her own .“"1rkct and to the many countries within the British or buyers of her foodstuffs and manufactures. Ilate protection for the domestic market will help "llnufacturing industries, while under favorable fla- i angemellls. uch as have been promised by Rt- H0"- tanley Baldwin, Lord Melchett, Lord

may find growing markets

and factory products under the Brit-

rltaln, but in other parts of

flrld. Some of these British countries are still young have immense populations whose powers of n can be immensely stimulated.

be remembered that even the present popula- e British Empire is three times larger than the maximum population of the United States. We vital statistics of the neighboring Re- c movement for imperial economic unity.

' "W! inter-related ubjects to which thoughtful Can-

IIIS ma

ha, .3’ W" kive careful consideration. The prospect

"l Dominion llch will cause it to

“"- stalurc and-wealth‘

in on the eve of a progressive growth measure up more and more in popu- productlon to the other Anglo-

"! nation with which it divides North America.

thorlty of Francis Baln, who states‘

species. It is pita-that. .our docks

require “straightening ou " and. this

can only be done bycxaniinatioa of the fruit. _ g

I passed a lonely pond in a field the other dly. townrda the north shore. and was delighted to see it tenanted by clumps of the Sweet- acented white water-lily Costello odorata. It looks healthy and ‘well capable of withstanding our revere winters without any insistence ouch as floodino. etc..Ita p. there is due evidently to the corral-nan‘- sble Dractige or our Experimental Station which. I am given to under- stand. distributes roots of this handsome water-lily to applicants in the springtime.

II‘

ANTS ‘AS DAIBYMEN

I have received through themed- ium of The Guardian tarball par- cel containing a. sprig of elder, well infested with black aphids, and swarming with little brown ants. I am indebted to Mr. N. A. Nicholson of the City for theaespecimenls, and that gentleman states that he has had them under observationf for some weeks and finds that thelmts protect and "herd" the aphids, and

services. This is strictly correct and ls corroborated by " many ‘gminént naturalists Ants have a special pre- dilection for sugar, not inoly from vegetable but from animal sources. The aphids (plant lice) of all dc- scrlptions have a glandular struct. ure near the base of the abdomen, and communicating with the exter- nal surface by two small ducts. This gland secretes a" viseoug “cchurgne fluid known as honey-dew which is often produced in such‘ quantity as to besmea the leaves of the plant upon which the aphids are feeding. The ants having found a colony of aphids, do not devour them as they do other insects, but on the con- trary, make use of them in grati- fying their taste for sugar. Ap- proaching an aphid the ant touch- efl 01' WP! its abdomen and immed- iately the aphid exude; a drop n1 the saccharine liquid from the ducts and this is eagerly seized upon by the ant. "and in this fashion the milkin: is continued till the ant is satisfied." The antennae of the ant, is the medium of IJUlll unicatfon between the insects and’ is employed in the preliminary stroking 1nd tapplncn a ma that ant; crani- fer the plant lice to their nests 5nd hold them in domestication in the Home manner as we do in the case of cattle. ,

The year 1930 had a very hot, dry summer ;and.in the couraeioflt 1 noticed that the broad beans in’ my garden were not doing as well as they ought. At last I fancied that something was wrong with the roots, and pulled one up u; gee if my suspicions were correct. They We"! The roots were covered with P618 81W" a-Phlds, and the ants WW9 quite busy tending them in their subterranean "stables." Doubt- less they had taken them under- ground, out of the scorching aun- llght. -

The little brown ants in the par- cel I take to be the garden mt Lasius niser I... var. americanus Emery. There are several suspeciea but I am not sufficiently convers- ant with the minutiae of their distinction to pose as an authority. Those who wish to study these little creatures-and they are a wonde ful study-will finda good (if tech- nical) guide in the "Hymenoptera of Connecticut" Bulletin 22 of the State Geological and-Natural His- tory Survey. I procured my copy from the State IAbrarinmI-Iartford. Connecticut.

Many volumes hotie been written on the subject of these insects: their social habits. their three-fold distinction of cox. their instincts in some actions, their almost human reasoning in others, their "wars" and their institution of slavery for the vanquished, and-their industry, all word scope-roi- pleasurable in- uulrv-

A gentleman, to whom I showed the specimens aaked-"Do ants bite or are ‘their mouth-parts auctorlal?" ‘This was a perfectly natural question, ul we had been talking of the ants drink- ing the honey-dew. But the "evidence la in favor of the biting. They bite if they "get on youz" they excavat galleries in trees, and naturalists take advantage of their camlvorous habits by exposing cu-cuea to their attacks: the ants ‘strip of! the flesh and leave a clean lkoleton for the museum. A couple of swallow: made their neat in I hollolpost on my farm for several aeuonc, but never reared any ywno when the p081! was at lat uprooted. and split the reason wu seen. The ante had at- tacked the young birds and killed them, lndthelr fraguobobn were amongst the debris in thl- hollow.

IIRDSOFP-I-l.

(Manffllrda) '

"milk" them as‘ areward for their.

PEACH ‘MOTH OONTBDL

future-seems to have taken I bond in controlling the" 6091945" tiona of the peach rnothot the Niagara district. Reporting on the situation for 1030 L. J. Briand 0! tho Dominion lmtnmololloal Lab- oratory at Bclleville, Ont, observe! that for the first time the Ohryl‘ opld, the adults of which are m0" familiarly known-u Golden Eyes ~ of their '-' ' " eves and loco wings on account of the delicacy and beauty of the struct- ure of this part of their anatomy. appears. The explanation M the presence of the chryopid in pencil orchards lies in the‘ fact that last year on account of the very dry weather the number of aphids, their tisuni host, was very limited and. asja consequence of necessity, the Chrysopid changed its habits. lay- ing ‘eggs on ‘the leaves cf peach trees so that the young larvae when hatched would have plenty of food available in the form of eggs Ind larvae of the Oriental Peach Moth.

While difficult to determine with any degree of accurary it. is esti- mated that Chrysopid larvae re- ducedthe Oriental Peach Moth in- festation llst year by 50 to 60 per cent.

Some idea, of the potential de- struction of the Oriental Peach Moth eggs and larvae by Chrys- opid larvae is provided by specific observation. In order to find out the approximate number of peach moth eggs required to feed Chrys- opids during their larvae stage, the newly hatched larvae‘ were allowed to feed on these eggs until they were ready to pupate. The results showed that 620 eggs were used l- ane and 613 for another, making n11 average of 616.5 eggs per larvae.

Similar experiments ‘carried on to ascertain the number of peach moth larvae required during th; larvae feeding period of the Chrysopids. showed that from the tlmg they be- gan to feed until they were fully grown the ChfYWllid-s each c011- grown the Chrysopids each con- sumed 8.3 of the peach moth lor- vac.

Nature seems to have succeeded lnj a. spectacular way where man has beentreading carefully for a number of years, in establishing parasitic control of the Oriental Peach Moth. Should the shortage of aphldsrcontinue or should the Ohrysopld become permanently ea-

above-mentioned, '

tabllshed in its new breeding hab- itat the menace of the Oriental {Peach Moth in Ontario trill r

in thing of the past.

IITDOHVE FLY SPRAY

Undoubtedly the moat effective and desirable method of controlling flies la to do away with their breed- lngiplabesiby properly treating or disposing of such materials as man- urQ and garbage. with the object in view of producing a fly spray that would be effective, cheap and easily . made, a number of mixtures werei prepared and tested at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. It was found that a 6 per cent pyrethrum- i kerosene spray is the most effective. This is prepared by adding one-half ‘ pound ofpyrethrum to one gallon of kerosene} allowing the mixture to stdndgstlrrlng it at. intervals over a period of two or more hours, thus ensuring that practically all the ac- tive principal of the pyrethrum is dissolved. The residue of pymthrum settles to the bottom of the vessel as a brown sediment, and the clear ll- quid, which is pale yellow in color. is syphoned off. It is this clear ll- quid that is used for the spray, us- ing a spray that produces a fine mist. The flies should be swept up and destroyed as a certain percent- age o.‘ them may survive. ‘he spray should be kept in a tlgirfly corked container, as ' the principal of pyrethrum is volatile.

‘inn . ETbwN GUARDIAN

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R FARMERS, STOCK BREEDERS AND GA

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The Rose Leafhopperi “mm” “u °' “Emma”

Selecting the Feeder Steer

Inaverl/tewweeka ltwill be aces: y to purchase the steers that are to be finished for the spring market. The selection of profitable feeders is much more dif- ficult in the Eastern Province than in the Western Provinces. 4%., to the fact that a very high P01‘- ‘ of the Eastern steers show evidence of considerable dairy cattle breeding. However, there are‘ many of these steers, even with some dairy blood, that will make very profitable feeders and they ure the ones that should be select- ed for the winter feeding work. The remainder should go to the block as they come from the pas- tures. Select only such steers as will conform more closely to the real beef-type, that is, straiflhl. low set, deep blocky individuals. with a quiet temperament. It 18 that. real dairy-type of steer with a. nervous temperament, that one wants to avoid in the feed lot. For example, out cf twenty-five steers fed at the Nappan Ebfperimental Farm during 1927-1928, six of the steers were of the latter type and their average gain in 125 days was only 161 pounds, against 24-6 pounds as an average for seven steers that. were fairly typical beef steers, with some dairy blood mixed in. The former were worth 1 1-2 to 2 cents less on the market in March, be- sides making 85 pounds less gain. The dairy-type steers never made profitable gains nor did they look finished‘ at their best. ' To feed a bunch of good thrifty beef steers is a profitable side line, besides being an economical method of ‘hlrkcting cheap rougharq‘ grown on the farm, such as hay and roots. In reading the annual report issued from the Experimen- tal Farm, Nappan, it may be noted that a good average market price has been charged for all feeds consumed and furthermore, that; a 800d average profit overfeed costs he! been realized over a period of years, in the finishing of a bunch of bee! steers. After all, this is the most business-like method of farm. ing and the adoption of such a policy will be found a profitable one. There will be more manure availpble fab‘ top-dressing; conse- quently. less money going out for fertilizer, all of which helps to swell the income from the farm. The main point to bear ‘in mind is the selection of good feeders of the right type, steers that will make reasonably good use of the feeds consumed. By W. W. Baird, Superintendent, Dominion Experimental Farm, Nappan, N. S.

GREENHOUSE SANITATION IN RELATION TO DISEASE

(Experimental Farms Note

General hygienic measures around the greenhouse are of the greatest importance in preventing plant dis- eases. In fact many of the com- mon dlseases found in greenhouses can be prevented by strict adher- ence to hygienic principles. In this connection, however, there are cer- tain general principles which must be borne in mind. The first and moat important is that half meas- ures, here as elsewhere, are gener- ally useless and at best cannot be counted on for good results. As an example of what is meant by half measures , could be cited a case where the soil is seed flats was sterilized but the seed put in the flats was not disinfected, and s... a result a bacterial disease was intro- duced in the sterilized soil, thus un- doing all the good the sterilization may have effected.

The following recommendations are given by the Dominion Labora- tory of Plant Pathology, St. Cath- arinea, as being of great importance In “ with prevention of

“Marsh Hen," 5.17.. Not so common a; Herons (Baln). Great Blue Heron, locally "Crane," SR. Beronry at Howell's Brook, (Rain). Black Crowned Night Heron. Rare specimen taken at Mt. Stewart. (No date). Little Brown Crane. Young bird shot, Earnscliffe, 1906. Virginia nail. M. Reported about Gulf. Oarolina Rail; Sara. M- Tak- en at Winner's Mills i908. American Coot, locally Marsh Hen or Mud Hen- 8.11.. Breeds in P. I}. I. (B-ln). Ned Phalaropc. M. in N3. NS. and Newfoundland. Northern Phalarope. M. as above. American Woodcock. Sh. Common (Rain)- Wilsonb Snipe or "mgilah Snipe. S. R. Oommon. Dowitcher, "Rod - breasted Snipe!’ ll. in ND, N.S., and Newfoundland. (184) Knot, "Robin Snipe," "Gray

(194)

(202)

(280)

(in)

(m) American pawn,‘ iotiauf

Snipe," Specimen taken 1906.

greenhouse diseases.

(l) Disinfect all seed previous to planting.

(l) Sow such disinfected seed Only in Iteflllzrl soil in containers that are likewise sterilized.

mwhen transplanting. be sure the transplants 5X9 likewise planted in clean soil. By clean is meant soil that is free from disease pl organisms.

(4) If there is any question of being contaminated with disease- producing organisms such soil should be sterilized with steam or formaldehyde or be replaced with clean soil. In sterilizing or replac- "ll 8°11 In the Ireen house do not overliil: the necessity of disinfecting the walls, lknches, walk; etc,

If the soil is clean, and healthy seed has been used, and the lXOper environmental conditions given, good clean healthy crops should re- sult. For ouch healthy crops the soil should be well drained, and con- tain a IYPODer balance of plant food and be so rnulched and cultivated as

"Gan you tell me what is wrong with my roses? The leaves turned white and sickly-looking and have now begun to drop of! the plant. What can I do to prevent it?" » Inquiries‘ similar to this are fre- quently received by the entomolo- gist. What was wrong with the roses some time before was an in- festatlon of the rose leafhopper. which could have been easily got- ten rid of. The correspondent has noted the effects, but, unfortunately not the cause; and after the leaves have begun to fall there is little which can be done except by giving the plant as good growing condi- tions as possible so that a new set of leaves may be developed-

The rose leafhopper poses the winter as an adult insect and emerges to lay eggs as soon as leaves appear on the plants in spring. From these eggs hatch tiny sucking insects which feed upon the plant juices. They live on the under surface nf‘the leaves and are not seen by the casual passer-by, and so generally escape notice until the leaves begin to turn white in patches and the plants to look unhealthy. An examination earlier in the sea- son and an application of a contact insecticide just as soon as the first bugs were seen would have prevent- ed the injury and kept the plant in thrifty growing condition. This notice is sent out. in the hope that rose growers will this year watch their plants carefully in the early part of the season and apply in- secticides in time to prevent the in- sect lnjuring the foliage. ' Nicotine dust, such as ls used for farm crops is the most effective and simple insecticide to apply. It should 'be_ applied by means of a dust gun under conditions of bright sunlight so the fumes given off will penertate to all parts of the foliage mass. If a sprayer of some form is available, a spray mixture of one ounce of nicotine sulphate to four gallons of water, with a. little soap added to increase the spreading qualities. of the mixture, is effect- ive. It should be applied from be- neath against the under surface of the leaves with as much force as the sprayer will develop.

If neither sprayer nor duster is

available, a fair control can be ob- tained by making up the spray mix- ture in a bucket and dipping the branches in the mixture. Kerosene emulsion may be used instead of the nicotine spray and can be made in small quantities, as follows: Kerosene 1 quart, flour 8 ounces, water 8 gallons.‘ , Stir the flour and kerosene to- gether, then add the water and churn briskly for five minutes and use at. once-By R. P. Gorham, Di- vision of Field Crops and Garden Inspects, Fredericton, N. B.

IN THE SEWING ROOM

If you do a. great deal of sewing you will find a typewriter chair a splendid bit of equipment for the sewing room. It revolves, thereby letting you have the sewing machine on one side of you and your table on the other with no trouble at all to turn to either. Then it has a particularly comfortable and sup- porting mack to it that will take away that kink you are prone to get now.

and good ventilation are very im- portant factors associated with the production of good greenhouse crops Plenty of ventilation ls a prime requisite.

After a. crop has been harvested destroy lal refuse and be sure that plant particles are not left lying on the ground. It is just as important to clean up after a crop as it is to disinfect and tlean Up before sow- lng a. crop. In fact, thoroughly cleaning up after a. crop has been harvested, is one of the best wave to ensure a continuation of healthy crops in the same soil.

i HARDWOOD FLOORING

for}

Beautiful mafia Oak m- hqlmg today. lhlollllll and gradu- IIM ft. to ohoolo from.

Macllflllllll JIOVIE

WOODWOIKING co. LTD. Phone Ill Charlottetown

to maintain the necessary water supply. Then again, temperature

-.-

Crooked breast boner in chicken! is believed to be due more to 1m- proper nutrition than to early roost- ing. This view is expressed in a. bul- letin written by G. R. Wilson, then Dominion District Poultry Promoter in New Brunswick and by F. Ileslle Wood, the Poultry Superintendent for the province. These authorities recommend the providing of low broad roosts for the chickens when they are transferred from the brooder house to the colony house. This they claim will encourage early roosting and in this way offset a tendency for the birds to crowd bo- gether during the night. It is well also at this season to separate the sexes when the chicks reach brou- er age. The pullets need careful watching and may be given both grain and mash hopper feed with cracked com of larger size as they grow older. Twelve weeks old pul- iets, the authods claim, should not be expected to eat. baby chick feed. The small feed is more expensive and the chicks at that age will rel- ish the hen size scratch feed bet- ter. The careful attendant will see to it that both the hoppers and drinking vessels are kept clean and well filled. If the ground becomes bare for any considerable distance around the colony house, it is well to remove it to green sod which is regarded as a preventive of the spread of intestinal worms.

While it is important to keep the pullets growing steadily it is not well to force growth too rapidly by using a high percentage of animal feeds, as this has a. tendency to startrthem into laying so young as to stunt their growth preventing them from ever reaching the stand- ard weight for the breed, and more than this the eggs are liable to be below standard weight. Another danger of over-stimulation pointed out in the pamphlet is that is en- ccurages the laying of a few egsg,

and then moulting which will stop

production until well along in the winter.

CANNING DONTS

Don't try, at first, to can vege- tables in any jar larger than a quart. The smaller the ja.r the eas- ier it is to sterilize.

Don't use old rubbers. _It is cheaper to buy new rubbers than to lose your vegetables.

Don't try to use a wide rubber on a screw-top jar. The wide rubber fits the spring-top jar and the nar- row rubber the screw-top.

Don't shorten the‘ time of steriliz- ation until you have become famil- iar with the process.

Don't fail to seal jars tightly. See that the spring is adjusted to give good pressure on spring-top jars and that the screw-top does not slip on gem jars.

Don't let the heat down so that the water falls to boil. Keep it jumping.

Don't use a doubtful sealing jar f0: vegetables. Put rheubarb or some such easy keeping product in chipped of uneven jars.

39519333. .

PAGE curve

Forcing Down _ Price Of Lamb

This is the season when fumorl are inclined to take aide glances at their live stock, and estimate julf.’ when they will be able to convert them into money. Particularly in this true of hogs. Spring litters are coming fast, and the earlier ones,

19%;‘

‘i

those that put in their appearance ', v in January or early in February. ‘t’

are about to the point when a dollar is in sight. The same may be said of the season's lamb crop. Early lamb! have been finding their way into the markets since early in June, witr

as high as sixteen cents per pound '

being paid for first lots. In order that the highest price may be maln- talned throughout the season, farm- ers should adopt a safe marketing system, by which their crop can b! disposed of to their profitable ad- vantage. This can best be don: through co-operative shipments, a1 regular weekly or fortnightly inter- vals-the folly of doing otherwist has been amply demonstrated dur- ing the past few weeks, in several sections of the Province.

We have in mind several district: where farmers were approached, by buyers whose sole object was evid- ently the commission per head they were exacting from these farmers, and these same farmers were delud- ed into rushing their immature stock on to a. market that did not want such a product. Freely passed along to the farmer who failed tc respond, was the mischievous in- formation as to the immediate de- cline in price which awaited tht product of the farmer. The result is that today, these farmers have the experience of having part0: with their live stock at a much lower price than was necessary, had they consulted their co-operativt marketing association, and the rich buyer is enjoying the proceed: of his standard commission pel head. For instance, during tlu week of Jirne 22, these drovers pale‘ 8 cents for top lambs, while the co- operative netted their patrons 8.85 per cent for lambs and 7.60 for ba- con hogs. The foiiowing week drovers paid 6 cents for top lamb: and 636 per cent for bacon hogs Still, again, the following week, tlar same difference existed, with the exception that the bacon hogs were gathered in by drovers at 6.50 per cent, while the co-operative said: showed a return of around $8.00 per cwt. for the same grade of hogl.

The question now is how long will these farmers allow themselvel to be exploited in this fashion, of, can we really believe that trier-earl '1 hard itmes among the farmers? a

Lambs should be bringing tlu farmers $8.00 per cwt. at the pm- sent time, and, no doubt, would. were it not for the fact that, three weeks ago, our Maritime market! were filled with light and thin lambs, and the price thereby forced down from 9 cents to '1 cents per pound.

It is much easier to force thl price down than to “jack it up" again, after it has taken the tum- m.

ble. i "r

Ontario once more.

all its nine years of office.

Canadian Pacific Railway.

Answers Mr. King’s Reflections

(Toronto Mall and Empire)

Hon. Dr. R. J. Manion, Minister of Railways and .. Canals, who is one of the most forceful members of the _ Bennett Administration, gave a fresh demonstration of his calibre in the House of Commons on Monday when he dealt with Mr. Mackenzie King's reflections upon the new tariff board legislation. When one_ recalls the partisan character of the tariff board presldedover by by Mr. W. H. Moore one marvels at the Opposition leaders cour- age in criticising the new board and its constitution. Mr. Mackenzie King can scarcely forget that on being de- feated in the general election of 1926 Mr. Moore was appointed chairman of the board, and that he continued in that office, still playing the party game, until the eve of last year's general election, when he resigned to contest -_

This was the background of the situation with which-i Dr. Manlon had to deal, and he drove home his pointed arguments against the Opposition leader with all his‘ accustomed force and power. He twltted him with talking _ and acting as if there were no general election last Summer and as if he still represented the people of the country. He convicted Mr. King of resuming his old demagogic attitude, of posing as the defender of the poor down-trodden people, even though the present Govern- ment has, in a few months, done more for the unemployed and the farmers than the previous administration did III

Dr. Monica's effective performance in the House on Monday recall his stirring speech at the Conservative convention in Toronto last Wednesday. _In that speech

, he rapidly enumerated the qualities essential for political leadership, these including courage, patience, a genius for leadership, common sense, a sense of humor, loyalty and faithfulness in service. qualities are possessed in marked degree by the present leaders of the Conservative party at Ottawa and in Ontario. The doctor made a notable contribution to the success of the Henry demonstration. l-le is one of the- most popular members of the Ottawa Government, and we are glad to say that he possesses the strength of". character to deal with the present railway situation as it ; requires to be dealt with-that is to say, with full care for the welfare of the public-owned railway system as for the