”financial and political reasons.

PAGEFOUR . , N THE GUARDIAN

Authorized as Second Class Mail Post Office Department. Ottaw The Island Guardian Publishing Ca CIRCULATION

iZ::.'.l City Zone .. I: Laii Trailing Zone Ml Otliu-rs l'utuI ht-I i'ulil

President and Associate Editor. Ian A. Burnett- Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest ink".

CHARLOTTI-JTOW'N. MONDAY. NOV. 12, 1951

Island Folk School

Not so very long ago adult education was practically synonymous with night school, an institution which fulfilled the re- quirements of the ambitious young man whose object was to get ahead in business. There were few opportunities for those who wished rather to be able better to serve their community or to live a fuller and m0l'c satisfying life.

Those objects are now being furthered through the Island Folk School which com- mences a twclvc-day course at Winsloen The mature students who take the course will indeed be better farmers for having done so, but more important, they will pro- ride a nucleus of community leadership, grounded in the principles of the conduct of public meetings and .with interest awak- ened in their community affairs. the problems and the opportunities which lie at hand.

Otllcr forms of government may depend upon a ruling class or officialdom to pro- vide direction to community effort but in democracy that leadership must come from the people themselves or progress is bound to lag.

Paying For Pensions

From the beginning, notes the Winnipeg Free Press, 't was generally supposed that a universal id age pension system in Can- ada would be based on the contributory principle. As equitably as possible all Canadians would set aside a fixed part of their income during their years of active: work and receive these savings back in pensions. when they could work no longer. In fact. every worker would buy an an- nuity through the Government. .

It was never supposed, of course, thati all workers would contribute exactly the same amount to the central pension fund. Some of those in the lowest income brack- ets would be unable to place as much in the fund as they would later take out in pensions. Asia result. others would con- tribute more than they would ultimately re- ceive. But with these variations, taking into account, the individual's ability to pay, the scheme was to be in effect an insur- ance policy against old age, standing on its own feet and not dependent upon the ord- inary revenues of the state. As finally con- trived, after months of consideration, the Federal Governments pension scheme can be called contributory only by stretching the meaning of that word almost beyond recognition.

The cost of pensions, now reckoned at about a million dollars a day, will be pro- vided by three, separate taxes. The present income tax will be increased on July 1, i052. by 2 per cent to raise about 595 mil- lions but in no case will any income tax payer contribute more than 3560 a year through this channel. Thecorporation tax will be increased on January 1, next, by 2 per cent to raise 5855 millions. Finally the sales tax will remain unchanged at 10 per cent but a fifth of the total levy, about 55143 millions. will be diverted from the general revenues into the pension fund.

Only the income tax increase can be called a direct contribution toward the cost of pensions but that contribution will come from a minority of the income earn- ers of the nation. Less than half the earn- ers of income pay income taxes. A major- ity is exempted and thus will make no con- tribution toward its pensions through the income tax channel. 9

It is evident, Mmments the Free Press, that the Government at first considered the possibility of making .the whole scheme di- rectly contributory by charging it to in. come tax and by making that tax, so far as pension costs are concerned, universal for all income earners, or nearly so. This plan apparently was abandoned, for both Compeiled to raise the income tax for defence pur- poses. the Government clearly thinks that it has attained its practical limit with the increase of last July and the present rig: of 2 per cent for pension purposes. A breaking point has been reached beyond which. in the Government's opinion, direct and visible taxes will discourage work and production. And politically a higher income tax is more unpopular then an invisible tax on goob.

Hence the decision to tax corporaticm end to ear-mark part of the sales tax for

'tuIiURlA'L nlults Back to "business as usual" after a hectic week-end. I O O The Province, its attractions and indus- tries got much well-deserved publicity through the Royal Visit. I Q 0 Many in days to come will-be able to tell their children and children's children of the part they played, even as spectators, on the occasion of the Royal Visit. 0 O 0

Sheep breeders will be interested to learn that a champion Swaledalc shearling ram was sold at Kirkby Stephen, Westmor- land for Si1,560.

Elizabeth could come here from making a Churchill-like snowman in Quebec and plant a Royal oak in the bare. and unfrozen ground. 0 I I

There is a Job-like touch to Trade Min-' ister l-Iowe's comforting reflection that there is no cause for alarm at British dol- lar-saving measures because no smaller amounts of goods ”can be taken from Can-

iada."

British aircraft designers have intro- duced a periscope for planes consisting of a sextant which can be raised and lowered on the same principal as a submarine per- iscope. It is being fitted into new aircraft in place of the raised ”astrodome”.

I O D

Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, novelist, died this date 1865. "Mary Bar- ton”, a novel of factory life. made her famous. Her ”Cranford" (in Household Words) was a series of exquisite studies of village life.

English

Mr. Pat Conroy, former sccretary-treas- urer of the Canadian Congress of Labour is mentioned as a possible successor to Mr. Arthur MacNamara, Deputy Minister of the Department of Labour whose retirement has been postponed at the request of the Government.

An aircraft carrier to boast about. A new 33.30 million aircraft carrier, the l-l.M.S. Eagle, joins the British Navy this month. She is 803 feet long with a beam of 112 feet and a displacement of 36,800 tons, armaments are' 20 guns and 61 small anti- aircraft guns, and she will carry 100 alr- craft and a crew of 2,750.

O 4! I

A spokesman for the Department of National Health and Welfare says that Canadians, as shareholders in the National Parks of Canada, can only collect dividends by holidaying in the parks. If all the shareholders decided to collect like that there would hardly be more than standing room for tourists, much less the wild creatures now enjoying hospitality.

There, is of course nothing to be had for nothing as was shown in a recent cal- culation that the ideally systematic taxpay- or could personally save more than the ivalue of the old age benefits which are

i

isupplied out of his taxes. It might have -

pbeen added that if he died at the age of l69 he would have almost have accumulated the given amount whereas his tax money vhas gone forever. I V 0 o o ' A recent address by Mr. W. Frank iJones, past president of the National Dairy yCouncil and head of the Borden Company, -cited figures to show that the average in- dustrial worker can buy about twice as ymuch milk and nearly 20 per cent more ibutter with an hour's work today than he icould in 1939. Both Mr. Jones and Mr. 'lVicMillan emphasize that the average price of milk in Canada has risen barely more than half as much percentagewise as the prices of foods in general. In contrast, latest statistics show that farm labor wage rates are more than four and a half times what they were before the war, and the 'costs of farm equipment and materials have more than doubled. O O I

Mr. Cyril I-lankinson, chief registrar of Britain's leading families, is wondering whether Canadians are suffering from a rush of blue blood to the head. Every time the postman knocks' nowadays at flankin- son's booklined office on the Strand there's another letter from a Canadian who wants to know whether h5's bred in the blue of kings or nobles. All this panting after pedigrees (says Canadian Press) is a little disconcerting to I-lankinson, who is behind schedule with his work on Debrett's Peer- age--an annual 3,200-page directory of Britain's best families, some imes called-the Bible of the Blue Bloods. ut the hunt for family trees is literally a call of the blood, and Dcbretts is being neglected for the time being as men scrape Parish tomb- stones and thumb obscure recorlk to de- termine whether a certain Cansdtsn may be the descendant of a dukels daughter who eloped wfth her father's footman several

renslsn wmopss. , I

centuries ago. I e. '

Let winter come when it may, Princess.

.ilHE U UARDIAN . ' L.'i'iAitL()TT.ET() VVN

To

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And" NET Homeward

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AIICTURUS IN AUTUMN

When in the gold October dusk, I saw you near'to setting. Arcturus, hringer of spring, Lord of the summer nights, leav- , in! Us now in autumn, HHVIRS 110 filly on our withering;

Oh. then I know at last llhai my own autumn was

I felt it. in my blood. "pm me' Restless as dwindling streams that ' still remember

The music of their flood.

There in the t-hickellin-: diirk a wind-bcnl tree aboxc luc Loosed its last; leaves in flight,.. I saw you sink and vanish. pilllcss Arcturus,

You will not stay in share lengthening night,

0111'

-Sara Teasdale. M... .-- ..,- ii Old Charlottetown it time P. E. I.)

s'r. PETEIVS-Clil um

"St. Pctcr's EiilS(5f)fllli flocllford Squzlrr. Divine Service mi Sllllfllly lug-1, The forl-noon llnd r-vcninl; serv- ices were numornusiy aiiendcri by Drrsons of various dclloulinnllous. Th? .R0V- GCOTKC W. liodgson. the offlclliting clcrgymlln. prc.-u-hml mo excellent sermons: nml Ilw ml. lcctlons for the (ill) nlnounfcrl in 230."

-The Islander, J.

The Reality

(Barbara Word ill the Alllllllic Monthly)

For a hundred years the wm'i:I had a vision of society in which full employment, social justice, the liiilhi-S End diizliity of labor, the abolition of cololllal slnlus. mm the establishment of Lil'(lii1Pl'ilO0ii between the nations would all be accomplished by doing away with the frictions, contradictions. the inequalities inherent in pl-lvnt: ownership.

For close on A hundred years, i' was impossible to test the Utlnliall claim, at first because no Com- munist state existed, and late: because its experiment. was too new and its secrets too wcllgunrd- ed to make judgment possible since 1945, however, the Soviet system has been exposed to clin- ical examination by pressing out beyond its owli frontiers and ex- tending its control to peoples suc.l as the Czechs, whose trndltlons and way of life bear the western stamp. The result of this expos- ure has been catastrophic to Sov- iet claims.

Clllllmll. wlls npcllrfl for

O O O

The economic stability nflercd has proved to be the stability of :1 total war or prison economy. The status of the workers is reduced to that of s helot under trade unions that act as slave masters for the state. or, worse still, under the in- human regimcntatlon of the labor camp. The vaunted brotherhood between nations has cndcti in the ugly nationalist bl-owl with Yugo- slavlll. The claim to abolish imperialism has degenerated into an imperial- ist control over all Eastern Eu- rope's resources that even Britain in its imperialist heyday never ventured in Asia. Above all, the older wisdom of the West. which. before the nineteenth century's obsession with economics. warned men of the infinite dangers of ab- solute power has been proved all over again (and most horribly) by the excesses of the soviet dlcl.al.- orship.

O C O The lemputiom of Msmmnn seem. sitar all. less destructive

than the temptation of Lucifer. tlbdsy, as we hsvo seen, this the loviet Union. controlling no- manian and Austrian oil, Polisn industry. Czech and German ur- anium. Danublan shipping. - and East European air transport. that

r

1. Notes By

i"u' ."n'

Something has gone out of the pure natural glory of the flower show with that award of s first prize to an English gardener who showed dyed chrysanthcmums.- Ottawa Journal.

Training high school youngsters to drive safely is paying dividends in B. C. It's more than luck and even juvenile good sense that has stopped the "teenicide" wave from hitting 13.0. with B. C. traffic deaths up to 66.2 percent. and in- juries 34.8 percent. over last. year, every good driver is a positive blessing on the road. So it's heartening to hear our youngsters aren't. killing themselves with in- sane "I dare you" automobile stunts, and that "deaths caused by immature judgment and dar- lrlg young drivers" are rare in this province. - Vancouver Sun.

The announcement that Miss Ava Gardiner and Mr. Frank Sinatra have obtained a marriage license will be generally welcomed. To those whose interest in movie people is not insatiable, reports on the obstacles to the couple's hap- pillcss have become a bore. It is a reasonable expectation that no more will be heard of them until one becomes an obstacle to the othcr's happiness.-Ottawa Citi- zen.

A Saskatchewan fsrlncr claims that goverllnlcnt. and other agen- cics who try to estimate the size of Wastern grain crops ought to give up. because, he says, they're .-llrnys out by millions of bushels.

Villat. irks him is that (as he sees P

it) they consistently err on the high side, which gives an inflated idea of supplies and tends to de- press the price. Perhaps this Western critic would be appcased if the forecasters began pitching their figures on the low side. For tllnrc is nothing a farmer hates more than the world to be told he lhtls a bumper crop.-Ottawa Citizen.

Ex-Queen Amelie of Portugal has died in France at the age of 86. r.l.d her passing has recalled how she became known as one of the saddest figures in European his- iory. she was born in exile in England -after her father, of the French royal line, had been ban- ,ishcd from France. Her- family know the friendship of Queen Vic- tuna and the young Princess proved her industry by taking a course in nursing, unusual for a royal personage of the time. In

must answer the charge of imper- ialist exploitation.

In the West, new patterns of mutual aid and of increasingly disinterested help are taking the place of the old relationships The E. C. A. has become the symbol of the first nation in the world to achieve economic leadership with- out imposing any form of imperial control. -

'H'nPe'ia'ln

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The Way ".1.

1886 she wed the Duke of Brogan- za, who became King Carlos, of Portugal and she was with him in 1903 when he and their son, Crown Prince Luiz, were assassinated while driving through a Lisbon street. Two years later a.n insur- rection forced her to flee to Eng- land with her other eon, King Manuel, who died suddenly of a thrust. complaint in 1932. Her life began in exile, ended in exile and in its years was much pain. It was la. long life and it makes mockery of the wish we often hear, that a woman or a girl may be "as happy as a queen".-Ottawa Journal.

Canadian football is getting in- to o. queer state, In Toronto lasl. Saturday an Ottawa player sit- ting on a bench saw a Toronto man running clear for a touch- down. He tossed off his parka, ran on to the field and tried to stop him. This performance threw the bemused officials into a state. They didn't know what penalty to impose. The Ottawa coach ap- plauded his player and said showed he had his heart in the game. This opens the door to far wider and more spectacular devel- ppmcnts. If it; is all right for one extra player to move in on the game, why not two or three or more? Why shouldn't. the whole bench throw itself into action? This may he frowned on, but the Ottawa team "la: opened the door and the Big Four can follow through. The only flaw is that football ceases to be a game, But. that may not worry the promot- crs. so long as the gates hold up. -Montreal Daily star.

It was nice that, before complet- ing their Canadian tour, Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip en- countered a real Canadian snow storm. It converted the sylvan re- treat. where they enjoyed a brief recess in the Laurcntlans, to a veritable Christmas-card scene of beauty. Snow, of course. is not unknown in the United Kingdom. particularly in the highlands of Scotland. Sometimes there even are show storms which, because of their infrequency, play havoc with transportation and services. But snow over there usually is damn- ory. here today. gone tomorrcw-- somethlng like in Windsor. But snow in the Laurentlans. and even in the snow belt of Ontario, Ls xually snow. when it cloaks moun- tains, lakes and forests it pro- vides one of the most beautiful of natural panorama. The Royal couple reached Canada early on- ough to see the colore glory of our forests as the leav chan d. We are glad they also experien d a typical Canadian snow fall These are things they won't for- get. long after most of the cere- monies that cluttered their trip have been forgotten. -Windsor Daily Star.

cournarc . imsunancr.

SERVICE

6ilf3C3f.o3oce Jgoscioe Qmitd 7 .

T81-QUEEN ST. AGENTS 'l'H'ROUGHOUT THE PROVINCE

7

h

In Common

(All lilgllls

In France. the wine producers have a well organized system of co-operntivcs for llU1'Chll5in!.'. BTO- cessing and marketing. In Swe- den. as a result of an overall cc- operatlve marketing system which that nation has developed. and because there is little exporting or importing of food, controls or regulated marketing is not so. simple

necessary. Theirs is the

procedure of developing an dis- tributing their own products an orderly way within their own

country.

Practically all dairy products are handled through the cooperatives. and, as a result of this. they have developed many new by-products, such as sweet cheese and cheese sandwich spread. By education and advertisng the coopemtlvcs have increased the milk consump- tion in the City of Stockholm to the point where the average coll- sumption in the city is now one and one-half pints per person per day.

This is in addition to the cul- tured milk, whipped cream. and the large quantities of vitafnized milk that is used. Furthermore, they have installed new butter- making machinery into which the ml1k..is poured at one end. and a few minutes later, blocks of but- tcr, all neatly wrapped. and stamped, come out at the other end and are conveyed to the re- frigeratlcn compartment without being touched by human hands.

Dairy cooperatives have opened milk bars in most of the large cities and towns, and they have followed the English policy of pro- viding cheaperl milk to factory lunch counters and to schools.

0 O O

In Westphalia. one of the large agricultural provinces -in Western Germany, the dairy central has developed a special flavoring to mix with milk or butt.crmilk.which encourages children to drink this wholesome beverage. Central stor- age facilities have been developed and a. simplified payment system arranged. In some cases a uniform advance payment is made. accord- ing to the grade of the milk, for the whole season, and then the balance is rebated to the farmers at the end of the term.

In some places, too. instead of. the farmer receiving his lnllk re-: turns directly, a statement is sent with the can, and a blanket cheque for the area in the local Ralffeisen bank where the amount or each farmer's dairy returns is credited to his personal account. A simplified book-keeping system saves time and encourages farmers to do their business with the co- operative bank. This checking sys- trm assists the farmers to keep his accounts straight. and to make out his personlll statements.

We shall not go into this ques- tion further. The purpose of this short review was to point out two things: (1) that. speclnlircd coop- eratives. for the marketing and distribution of farm products ill countries where the movement is really succcmfui and where it has the confidence and backing of all the farmers. is the pattern most widely followed.

Cooperatives must, of course, br set up differently, in deficiencv areas and exporting nreas. Butn in either case, money for financing research. further developments, buying up inefficient plants and converting them to other uses and maintaining an educational pro- gram for both the producers and the consumers. is costly and read- ily available.

(2) Rochdale cooperation. alone: on a purely voluntary basis. whe- ther organized locally or as n Fed- eration has never. in any urcn.

provided a satisfactory solution to farm marketing problems. There. are always a few objectors nnd :i few unreliable members. And too.i in a great many cases. ii cooper-. alive is just not the most Siliiilblci business unit. There are many places where honest and well- meanlng private business men can do a better and more efficient job But they too need protection and scme security in lnnrkctino and these can be provided onlytilrough a central marketing. organlvatlon established by the producersfhem- selves under permissive legislation with powers to regulate.