There will be deep and widespread sympathy for the parents of the three children whose lives were lost in the cottage fire at Victoria Park‘ Road- way yesterday. It will be largely un- expressed, for who can find words of ‘condolence adequate to such an oc- asion? The heartbreak must be borne. But it may help the bereaved ones to know that the entire com-
and we have no doubt that prayers - for their spiritual solace are being ‘offered by many of our citizens at | this time. |
When tragedy strikes in this man- ner—not thousands of miles away but right at home—it brings to all of us the realization that in the midst of life we are in death, that here we ‘have no abiding place, and that only | by faith in the providence of God can we hope to be reunited with the dear ‘ones we have lost,, It would be an impertinence to say more, to intrude ‘further with our moralizings upon ‘the most painful of human themes; ‘but our common bondage to mortality gives us all a stake in the verities of ‘the Christian faith, to which alone we can turn when other comforts fail. -
We commend the decision of the Attorney*General, that for the pre- sent at least no inquest is needed to establish the cause of yesterday’s fatalities, and that such proceedings could only bring additional grief to the: parents at this time.
Fiscal Conference
Hansard of June 4 contains sever- al pages of controversial discussion on federal-provincial fiscal confer- ences. The Opposition tried, unsuc- cessfully, to elicit from Finance Min- ister Fleming assurance that a plen- ary conference, to be attended by pro- vincial premiers, would be held this opal toed Minister did not commit himself on this score, but he made other commitments which are of im- portance, and which we trust will be duly noted by our ewn provincial authorities.
First will be the conference with the finance minister and provincial treasurers which is to meet at Ot- tawa on July 6. After this there will follow, “for as long as may be re- quired,” a meeting of the federal- previncial continuing committee on fiscal and economic matters. This eommittee had been set up im 1955 but had been neglected under Liber- al rule.
All the provinces, Mr. Fleming gaid, have accepted the invitation to participate in these conferences, and have pledged their fullest co- operation. The agenda is being com- piled in consultation with the pro- vinces. The scope of inquiries will be as unlimited as the provinces may. desire, and will embrace con- sideration “of the whole realm of pay ments whether conditional or unconditional.”
+ Under Liberal rule, federal-pro- vincial conferences had been _call- 2d simply in order to receive an announcement—=“the dictates of the federal government, what the federal government had decided beforehand it was prepared to do.” In 1956, when the last five-year tax agreements were made, the provincial premiers were notified in advance by Prime Minister St. Laurent that the situ- ation for the next five years “would pot justify any substantial further financial commitments beyond those already proposed”; and Finance Minister Harris told them the same thing when they got to Ottawa. Mr. ‘Fieming quoted their statements vérbatim for the record, and scor- ed heavily on this point.
“ What is now proposed, he said, will represent “the first full-scale cooperative attempt to reach a solu- tion of these problems in many years.” As for a plenary conference, this would depend upon a number of circumstances, “However, I am sure that the steps to be taken, both in the course of the ministerial con- fererice in July and the meeting of the continuing committee to follow
the studies that will follow sain, will contribute greatly to
— ie a,- .
miinity shares silently in their grief; ! psychiatry at Fordham University
' ‘
statements is the emphasis on the latitude which will be
should make the fullest use of this . opportunity, as no doubt they are pre-
paring to do. So far as receiving the consideration which has been denied us at fiscal conferences in the past, this,may indeed prove to be a case of “the longest way round” being the shortest way home.’ "e
Where Science Has Failed
Many fine tributes have been re- ceived by Alcoholics Anonymous, but orie of the mest impressive came the other day from an _ outstanding psychiatrist, Dr. Albert A. LaVerne,
“who conceded that the organization
has far surpassed medical science in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Dr. LaVerne is associate professor of
and a senior psychiatrist at Bellevue Hospital, and his statements made the front page of the New York Times.
The speaker said that twelve years ago he had believed ‘psychiatry had the answer to the alcoholic’s problem. However, he later discovered in look- ing over his records that he had not really helped a single one. Associates had reported similar failures. “I fol- lowed up my failures,” Dr. LaVerne added, “and to my utter amazement found that 40 per cent of them had achieved sobriety for two to five years or more through A.A.” He now uses the A.A. program in his treat- ments and intends to continue them.
A.A. case histories showed that 50 per cent of the 250,000 men and wom- en who had received A.A. treatment over the world in the last twenty years had recovered with an average of eight to ten years of sobriety. Twenty-five per cent more had slip- ped ocasionally, but _had_recovered to sustain sobriety. Most of the 250,- 000 had tried medical, psychiatric and other treatment unsuccessfully be- fore joining.
A.A. ideas are foreign to many men ot science and represent an entirely different kind of thinking from what they have been taught, Dr. LaVerne said. The program was like “a new language they do not fully ‘under- stand as vet.” He attributed the suc- cess of A.A. primarily to its appeal to the alcoholic’s spiritual resources, and its help in teaching him how to use them.
EDITORIAL NOTES
The American postal system has made its first official experiment with missile mail. In just 22 minutes a packet of letters was flashed 100 miles from a submarine in the. Atlan- tic to Jacksonville, Fla. It will be a long time yet, however, before the postman becomes outdated.
* * *
First mooted by the Federation of Agriculture, a new temperature con- trol system has been installed on the railway wharf which promises to be of great value to our potato shippers. All concerned in its installation are to be commended. If it can be applied to the storage of other farm products requiring controlled temperature, so
much the better.
* s *
Anew tourist attraction, of special interest to farmers, is being promoted in Great Britain. It con- sists of a series of evening walks round some of Britain’s most up-to- date farms. Arranged by organiz- ers of the Bath and West Show, it was tried out this month (June 3 to 6) to give an opportunity for visitors from overseas to see farms in the rich dairying dfeas of the west of England. Farms visited included that of the Dorset Farm Institute at Kingston Maurward, Dorchester, and that of a cheese-making firm at Montachute, Somerset.
* PI *
The bicentenaries of the births of Carron Company of Falkirk, an ironfounding firm which turned out guns used by Nelson’s fleet and Wellington’s armies, and of Robert Burns, are both being’ celebrat- ed in Scotland this year. But this is not the only connection be- tween the two. One of the favorite local stories is about a visit to the
factory which the poet made one Sun- °
day, under an assumed name. , He was not admitted, and so scratched on a hostelry window a verse say- ing that he had'only come to inspect the ironworks as a guide to the neth- er regions of the underworld. The ‘*ompany replied with a verse sug- gesting he give his name and try a weekday another time.
“its
.
YEARS AGO
‘HT IS GOINé AHEAD casemate — MR. NEES
_-
RELATIVELY SPEAKING
Summit Prospects Darker
By Joseph MacSween Canadian Press Staff Writer
The general feeling appears to! the door to gradual
be that the Geneva ta'k marathon of foreign ministere is running out, without any important agreement, but that East - West negotiations will remain active. Prospects for a summit meet- ing become darker day by day— they were never exactly bright.
Even Premier Khrushchev seems |
to have turned away from the idea he has so long preached.
Communist inf‘itration, the Ber'in folk fear. The longer the conference goes on without results, the groater
.| the uncertainties and tension it
creates. _
| ATOMIC HOPES ' Despite ail
| the Rvss'ans to meaningful de- | cisions in certain fields. ‘They | poin:, for instance, to the second
_ Khrushchev discounted the | Geneva conference — the one in vaiue of the foreign ministers which the United States Britain beginning;—
conference from the ° calling instead for the summit. It now appears he is getting set to blame the West for the failure
to reach the heights. He said last
week:
“Different statesmen declare: “If the Soviet Union does not ac- cept the conditions of the West- tern powers .. .then there will be no summit meeting.’ World opinion will see who bears the responsibility for that."
IKE’S VIEW
President Eisenhower said flatly last week that Geneva had not produced anything sufficient to justify the summit. Since then, a new Russian proposal for Ber- lin has been termed “‘wholly us satisfactory” by the Western min- isters.
It is known that Western dip-
: Jomats have considered a pro-
posal under which the Geneva sessions would be “recessed” with the foreign ministers agree- ing to meet again. In the interim, diplomats would study the work of the conference and try to nar- row differences.
Some Western leaders fear that continuing tedious talks on a high level could have an eroding effect on the confidence of West Ber- lners, who worry that conces- sions — even minor ones — ia n..c-iation would herm their po- sition.
The Western ministers may
weaken the protection of exposed West Berlin or inadvertently open PUBLIC FORUM
This column is open to the ¢isens
sion by correspondents of question ¢.
interest. The Guardian does not senses
sarily en‘orse the opinion ef corres pondents.
WATER SAFETY
Sir,—It takes but little persuas- ion these days to make us think of hours spent outdoors, splash- ing in refreshing waters, sun- ning ourselves at beaches or fishing lazily beside a stream.
This big beautiful country with countless holiday havens should be a constant joy to us. We have more time than ever before to spend in pleasurable
_pursuits. What more could we
ask? ~
Unfortunately, after each sum- mer weekend, newspaper head- lines of boating and swimming fatalities, report only too clearly what is still meeded—people who know how to use these lakes and rivers and their leisure time safely.
As we stand on the threshold of National Water Safety Week we should remember that each year, in this nation, almost one thousand people lose their lives in drowning accidents. A large majority of these accidents not have happened. They re the result of foolishness, irres- ponsibility and ignorance.
The Canadian Red Cross Society is making every effort to cut down this tragic toll, They are urging every person to learn the rules of water safety, every parent to teach these rules to his children and to warn them of and guard them from the trea-
ry of the waters.
They ask all boat owners to
become aware of their respon-y
sibility to their passengers and to swimmers and other boaters.
The co-operation of every in- dividual is needed to make Na- tional Water Safety Week suec- cessful. Remember the date. June 14-20. This ia the time to. do our share to make it a safe sum-
mer. I am, Sir, efc.,
(MRS.) SONTA MacRAE, Editor “Ring Buoy’.
s
and Russia are trying to reach |
agreement on the control of nu- clear weapons tests.
This conference reconvened Monday after a four-week recess, and a total of nearly 100 meetings have been held. The Western rep- resentatives have been striving to meet Russia's suspicions on in- spection proposals, and some pro- gress has been made.
One hopeful aspect is that Rus- sia may be anxious to restrict memberhip im the so-called nu- clear club, something that cannot be done without effective controls and a measure of East-West trust.
France has been driving ahead with .nuclear plans and Russia may be no happier over specula-
tion that one day Communist China will also own “‘the bomb.”
In his booklet on Newfoundland issued by the Canadian Historical Association, Professor Rothney has said that ‘Cabot sailed west in 1497, but where he landed no- body knows. That, we suppose, for all its vagueness, is better than the assertion that Cabot made his landfall Cape Bre- ton Island.
On the other hand, ft is sug- gestive of Dr. Rothney's belief that the land first seen by Cabot was neither Labrador nor New- foundiand.
Yet enough is known of Cabot's course (the Soncino letter) to suggest that with all due allow- ance made for the drift of cur- rents and other navigational factors, he must have made his landfall on the coast of Labra- dor or eastern Newfoundland. There is, of course, no proof that he first encountered the bold promontory of Bonavista. But it would be absurd to imagine that he contrived to bypass Newfound- land in order to make sure of first discovering Cape Breton.
As we suggested to a public ga- thering some time ago. he would have had to sail right through Newfoundland to achieve that re- | markable feat. Dr. Rothney could | have afforded to be less vague | without commitment. He might |have said that nobody knows | where the landfall was but there is a strong presumption that it was in Labrador or eastern New- foundland.
LESS THAN KIND
Dr. Rothney is less than kind to Sir Humphrey Gilbert and more than a little careless in at- tributing to ali Gilbert's crews the piratical behaviour of the crew of the “Swallow.” He has said, for example, that Gilbert, on his way to establish a colony on the American mainland, ‘‘de- cided to delay at Newfoundland long enough to take supplies from some of the fishing ships.
According to the survivor who wrote the account, it was be- cause this was done with such cruelty by Gilbert's pirate crews that God ‘took vengeance not long after’ upon this illfated ex- pedition”. Dr. Rothney is here referring to the account of Ed- ward Hayes, master of the ‘‘Gol- den Hind,” but Hayes was refer- ring distinctly to the crew of the “Swallow” and not to the whole expedition.
Hayes’ account of the reception of Gilbert in the harbour of St. John’s and of the Admiral’s subsequent conduct bears no sug- gestion of piracy. Having called the masters of all the fishing ships to his flagship, he showed them the Queen’s commission and revealed his purpose to take pos- session of “‘these lands” for the Crown and asked nothing of them but their lawful aid in provision- ing his ships.
All ships, English and foreign, were thereupon “taxed at an easy rate to make supply.”’ The Por- tuguese were particularly gener- ous and added many luxuries to the quota of staple provisions re- quired of them. There followed a period of rest and feasting and good fellowship.
But where Dr. Rothney does greatest violence to Newfound- land’s cherished traditions is in this curious and al provoca- tive statement: “ basis of
Viewpoints Of History
Wayfarer -in the &. John’s Daily News—
books still refer to Newfound- land as ‘Britain's oldest colony.’ The expression is very mis leading:, firstly, because it over- looks ireland; secondly because Gilbert founded no colony; and thirdly, because the event did not make even St. John’s an English possession,”
There is g#bout all this a gra- tuitousness that is hard to und- erstand. Gilbert had a- Royal commission by virtue of which he took possession of Newfound- land for the Queen and himself and his heirs, and, according to Hayes, “‘signified unto all men, that from that time forward, they should take the same land as a territory appertaining to the Queen of England, and himself authorized under Her Majesty to possess and enjoy it.”
To introduce Ireland into the discussion is merely to split hairs. And to deny to Newfoundlanders whatever pride they may have in the tradition that their island was Britain's first overseas pos- session is to be argumentative to no particular good. Gilbert had the right to take possession of Newfoundland for the Crown. There is first hand evidence that he did it in the prescribed form before many witnesses. It is enough to give a solid foundation to a proud claim despite the ico- noclastic viewpoint of Professor Rothney.
Sounds pitched so high that you cannot hear them are find- ing applications in almost every science and industry in the na- tion, according to Science Serv- ice. Despite the widespread pub- lie attention focused on the lat- est development in nuclear en- ergy and the conquest of space, ultrasonics remains one of the magic words in twentieth cen- tury science.
Ultrasonics refers to the study and use of high-frequency, inau- dible sound waves. These wav- es have mn referred to as “silent sound” or merely “high- frequency vibrations.”
Call them what you will, these ultrasonic waves have been used to tenderize meat, make facial creams, clean and degrease pre- cision tools, mow lawns, age whisky, detect submarines and cut jewels. And that .is not all. They have also been used in in- dustrial drilling and grinding, in speeding up chemical reactions, in eemulsifying and homogeniz- ing materials, in removing bar- nacles from the hulls of ships, and in burglar alarms, to say no- ‘thing of numerous applications in medicine and dentistry. And that is still not all. One could go on all day listing applications of ul- trasonics.
NATURE OF SOUND
But let us first look at the na- ture of sound waves as related to the human ear to better und- erstand ultrasonic waves. Basic- ally, sound consists of a series of alternate increases and de- creases in pressure, like the rip- ples caused by throwing a stone into a still pond.
The frequency, or pitch, is de- termined by the number of times
*
Gilbert's visit, some school text-
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You might sort of expect married men to be more victims of ulcers. But, ently, such is not the case.
MORE HOMICIDES
Homicides also took a greater toll of single men.
Here's- the breakdown on that:
Théhomicide rate among di- vorced men was nearly six tim- es as great as among marifed men. The rate for widowers was feur times as great and that for single men was twice the-to tal for married men.
The publication doesn’t state why married men and women seem to get a better deal in re- lation to those various causes of death. And I don’t sce how any one can come up with any logi- cal reason.
But facts are facts.
QUESTION AND ANSWER
Mr. A. A.: Could you t just what clot’ is?
Answer: An “optical blood clot’ probably refers to a clot in one or more of the blood ves- in the retina. This would usually affect the vision.
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VESTIGIAL
The living likeness cut in stone Often enough may be Forgotten when the days disown Its dim identity.
Marble or bronze in portraiture
Of some proud counterpart
May lose the name, yet hold se- cure
The permanence of art.
A temple's classical facade
May still be looked upon
With reverence, even though the god
Who hallowed it is gone
Girder and glass and monolith— What can we hope will stay. When the vainglory and the myth We worship pass away? Leslie Nelson Jennings In the NY Times
~MAXIMS
Try to do to others as you would have them do to you, and do not be discouraged if théy fail some- times. It is much better that they should fail than that you
should.
New Tool In “Silent Sound” .
New York Times
the pressure increases or decreas- es, and is measured in cycles a second. Intensity, on the other hand, expresses. the varying strengths of this pressuure, and is measured in decibels.
The word supersonic, often us- ed interchangeably with ultra- sonic, more correctly applies in current usage to speeds higher than the speed of sound. Sound travels at about 741 miles an hour at 32 degrees Fahrenheit at sea level. Ultrasonic, on the other hand, refers to frequency of sound waves.
The average person cannot hear frequencies of less than 16 vibra- tions a second or more than 15,- 000 to 20,000 vibrations a second. Similarly, the human detection range of intensity is from zero to 120 decibels. That is, any in- tensity above 120 decibels becom- es painful.
No matter how loud a sound is, it cannot be heard unless it lies in the audible frequency range, because ‘the limit of audi- bility is set by the frequency and not by the intensity. Thus it fs possible to have silent, inau- dible sound of very high intensity. EXAMPLES .
Try moving your hand rapidly back and forth in front of your face. You are now setting up vibrations in the air, yet you do
t hear them. This is because he vibrations are too slow, less than'16 a second..
If you could vibrate something in front of you at a frequency greater than 17,000 vibrations a second. you would not hear any- thing either, bécause the sound would be at the other extreme oo inaudibility to the human ear.
To take an everyday example
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your dog but not by any of the neighbors, or yourself for that matter. The vibration, frequency of the whistle is pitched too high for your ear to detect it. But your dog can detect frequencies up to about 35,000 a second and both hears and responds. ‘
For ultrasonics’ __ surprising ability to easily accomplish for- merly difficult tasks, it is neces- sary to obtain a sound intensity sufficiently high eto produce a secondary effect known as cavi- tation. This is essential the crea- tion and collapse of millions of tiny vapor bubbles in the med- ium through which the sound is traveling.
AUTHORS WANTED BY N.Y. PUBLISHER
seeks
improved
non-fiction, poetry,
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