THE EDUCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHIRSVSEEKING

fI-IE

In SA mam Y FEATURE~

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

A CURRICULUM

A curriculum. to serve the seem of public school-education. is not a mere course of study but I PTO- grenion of- interesting and pur- poseful child activities or expen- ences directed by the teacher. As school education is a part of gen- exui education. the meaning of school education. its aims and ch- iectives. must be considered in re- lation to the whole Process. If the aim of education is to

the mind with information as an elevator is stored with grain, then sehfwl education is from teacher and textbook to pupil. and the curriculum, is a compendium of encyclopaedic information. But if

education has to do with life lt-.

self. then the curriculum must be selected from the sum total of all of life's cxireriences. The fact that

theul‘ ‘ laaloladucationbss been variously defined by. theor- ists from Plato to the ant gives rise to s. feeling of iving that any ail-unbracing aim can be dei- initely stated. Any aim to be in- telliglble must be based on experi- ence and must. therefore. bc sub-

Th ‘ence tie- velops. us every s e efines its educational aims In terms of its socum ‘ ’ experi- ences. The aims of the past will not satisfy the present. and the resent day alnm will be modified II: the future. Education may be tentatively defined as the process by means of which the individual acquires experiences that will function in rendering more effici- ent his future action. STG

HISTORY

Irldiv sumQrise the history ence was signed.

. the Seven Years‘ War in Am- ' After reverses at first. the

h defeated the French at Lriiisbury. Quebec and Montreal.

In l'183.by the Treaty of Paris. the independence of the United States of America was recognized by Britain.

Give the causes of the French Revolution. The peasantry paid

wasrurix rum Under fill IQldIlIlLP OI Piild~

Marshal vcn Runrbtedt. tha Ger- man armies massed on the West- ern iron-t. launched an attack into the valleys of the Ardennes on I . , 19:14‘. Thde bAliiew mes were c y parse u - ists and V-bonrgg. The Germans succeeded in creating s. “bnige" in the Allied lines by driving wast- ward from the Reich into Luxem- bourg to Belgium.

The drive split the Allied front between the Cologne Plain. where the Allies had been pressing to- ward the Rhine and the vital in- dustrdes of the Ruhr. and the Saar Basin, where other Allied armies had been driving toward another oi Germany's war source centres. The Allies succeeded in stopping the advance east of the Meuse

‘River and short of the important

cities of Liege and Luxembou n 25th On Dec w o ‘a

Dec. . . 2'1. the enemy lost the initiative, and the organ- ized Allied counter-attack began full operation and by Dec. 30th, they had rewon nearly one-third of

metwaan

the laasbrueken Ssarhutem ‘Belgium lI-iicnt. Jan. 14. German ' lair-Qt i e

trawl! lwmsntai mil ' . esgdqsndeomilessttlg

ll By

first Anny yrating under the command of Old Marshal I from ‘the north. hamme its way across the "bulge" wi its principal effort centred in the area of Houffaiize. At the western tip of the bulge. the Sixth Airborne Division and other units of’ the British army made gains of up to l0 miles in one twenty-four hour period. On Jan. l5. United States Illirstv Army troops battered their wa into the outskirts of Houf- . It was captured on Jan. 10th. The United States Seventh opened a powerful attack against the German bridgehead west of the Rhine and north of Strasbourg in Alsac Jan. 1'1 saw new Al-

Montgomcfy. came u‘ m“

cr-rsrgiorrgrowu" GUARDIAN

Battle 0t Flak Iilav 8941a Towards Climax w" 5 r.-

suarvmo . .41» ma» r naa (or Cable) ‘ ma“ w

the h e concentration of anti-air- efencas the Germans had

established in‘ this sector to guard

lh ‘

s to the often-bombed Ruhr. ....... .. ....An estimated $0.000 men of the G lat Parachute Army were ‘ ‘ furiously to hold their eighl-by-flve-mile pocket west of the Rhine across from Wcsei. but their defences were apparently crumbling under. the Canadian

my assault. Orvtario troops slashed forward

through a hail of enemy shell and mortar fire-mus: from the east bank of the Rhine

h of it coming

Air Ambulance Big Life-Saving Measure in War

IY (7.3. ILAOIIUIN

wfimncwouatrsarcgi‘ $4.0: - trnnspor on ded nd urgdhus developed Iifignone no! tllxz‘: greatest life-lav- ing ensures . saysnd. report prepared Y the 01- fice oi War Informs . Apprbdmately U0. from American and other forces have been handled hi! United States air ambulance with a loss or‘ only 28 dyinz en route and lees than nalf-a-dosen c 108B- Durlng 1944. when thenmv lys- tcm or sir amb cc traffic was reaching it; peak performance, one of every five Amerimn war Cifilifidtifigtatgglf) reetugiedlaitlg the U: cam P - Within the United State; there is a network of sir 8113312813300“ ser-

vices hospitals" ranging from Maine California, and treatment hospitals throughout the country. The report estimated that 2.000 service Patients are handled by air transport every day, either in the war theatres or wiiihin the United States. _ More than 1,300 flight nurses have been tmined for air amb- ulance work and (he number of graduates increasing. Nine nurses have been killed in accid- ents and about the same number

t8 Allied ' Il

Frscar is illty lisil» lit Montreal

‘° Ooliiwell Msfkca

Related Explanation

(JVITAWA, March D - (GP) _ The Ottawa Evening Cit qumd MJ. Cgldwe , an

The Pence of Paris gave Canada we. Britain. Tell briefly of thr. struggle between the French and

where the enemy is massing guns- to high ground south of Xanten. They sliced through perimeter de- fences of the town and also fought

of medical flight technicians but the accident rate has been lower than for almost any other trans-

of the military ser-

c. u n n m taxes but had the lost territory. The initial Ger- in Holland, nem- 3g g;a%rf$1e2e:_ Pafuament had m; man attack had breached the v 17w grim}, 5mm‘; Anny been called for over 200 years. A “wmumwtmm °I the TWW"!

. 9 urine u: gained m Holland; the United "m" "la slrir violent revolution broke out, in “my GIWP- mmmflllded by 10-‘

u gulf)! up behind is

was re "orcemenu for the Canadian Army, “rut had ad rrned 012.1". members situation was

States First Army moved within m“; ‘an

British in India. Both French and m-itish 151d trading posts in India. 'I‘he French leader. Dupleix, plau- rcd a izreat empire but ne was de- feated by the British leaner. Rob- ert Clive. At Piassey. Clive up“ a great victory over the ruler of Bengal. Give some of the imuflfl‘ r-nt events cf the American Revolu- tion. George III fried to iax the American colonies to help nay for the Seven Years‘ War. The col- onists rebelled because they had no representation in the British Parliament and thought they should levy their own taxes. Later. all taxes but one were TI!!!)Q1190- but by 1715 the American War of Independence had broken out. In 1716 the Declaration of Independ-

JOIIN RIDD ‘MEETS

1. What word best describes John Ridd? Honest.

2. What other two words added tn this makes your description complete? Simple. straightfor-

ward. 3. What is the unusual feature

which the King and many nobles were executed. A Republic was set up in France in 1792 which was controlled by the common people. When did Napoleon fight his wars? After the republic had been set up in France. a war which lasted for 20 years broke out between England and France.

ershlp of Napoleon Bonaparte. He became emperor of France ln 1804. When was he finally de- feated? At Waterloo. 1815, by Brit- ain and Prussia. What countries did England gain at the end of the war? Cape Colony (S. Africa). Ceylon

JUDGE JEFFEREYS

about the history of Blackmore as a novel writer? Although Black- more wrote a number of novels his fame as a novelist rests entire. on "Lorna Doone" which masterpiece and so far superior to any of his other novels that they have almost been forgotten.

MOONLIGHT APPLES

1. What noises of late autumn are spoken of in the poem? All i" quietness except for the scratch- ing of the mouse. Mice came into our houses from the fields in late autumn.

2. What lines give us the spirit of early winter? The first three lines of the last stanza which em-

phasire the quietness and sleep of nature in winter.

GRADE VII SEAT WORK

Supply the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. He must have (mistake) the house. 2. I do not think your money was (stole). 3. Have you

over (hear) such a strange story? si

4. He has (go) to the neighbor's house. 5. The blanket was (weave) by hand. 6. The child (wave) his hand as I said "goodbye." 7. I have (strive) to do my work. 8. He has not (take) my advice seri- ously. 9. The general (win) rnueh praise for his victory. i0. Have you (ring) the bell? i1. Before I (learn) to write, l urns (teach)

LISTER " '

Sir Joseph Lister. an English surgeon, born at Upton. Embell- From 1860 to i969 hc was profes- sin‘ of surgery in Glasgow Uni- versity from 1869 to 1877 he WM professor of clinical surgery in the University of Edinburgh. and in the latter year he was aPPQWBd to the corresponding chair 111 Kings College. London. His name is especially connected with the successful application of the anti- septic treatment in sursfly- which inaugurated a new era in this

to read. 12. Has he (go) lo work? l3. The boy (climb) to the top of the roof. 14. The farmer has (sow) his wheat in the large field. i5. Have you (hear) any noise out-

de? 16. He (rise) and (stride) from the room. ' l7. Have you

should be accompanied

(wind) the clock. l8. He (spring) from his chair when he (hear) the sound of guns. 19. He (bring) the child to safety out of the fire. 20. That picture will be (show) here next week. 2i. He (learn) his les- son well many years ago. 22. I-Ie has (teach) in the same school for many years.

branch of medical science. He has published various papers on surgi- cal pathology. Joseph Lister. geri- erally credited as_’“the father 0f anti-septic surgery . was one of the first to realize that microorgan- isms had somethins t0 d0 Wm‘ infection. Before this time it was considered natural that operations by pus in- fectlon. Often these infections were fatal. Lister began to use

ca b l’ acid for washing his in- struments and his hands.

PASTEUR

which was fought under the iead-.

Gen. Omar Bradley and compris- ing the American First. Third, and Ninth Armies. On Jan. 2nd, the Germans launched a new divers- ionary move in the soar on a large scale. The enemy made a dent in the United States Seven-th Army's front and gained ground in the sector held by the Third Army

On Jan. 3. Americans landed on the Island of Marlnduque. ninety miles southeast of Manila. On Jan. 6. town of Paluan on Min- doro. ups captured. '

v On Jan. 9, American forces Iianded on Luzon Island on Lin- ‘gsyen Gulf. The Allies started using Llngayen airfield and ex- tended their beachhead by 25 miles on Jan. ll. Total penetra- tion inland on Luzon by Jan. l3. was 20 miles. Santa Barbara and Mspandan were occupied.

The United States troops crossed the Agno River on Jan. 14. Am erican forces captured Paniqui, road junction north of the city of’ Tarlac. on Jan. 18.

Jan. 19. bitter fighting was re- ported at Rosario.

After a 24-hour battle, Urdan-

The frog is able to use its skin as an organ of respiration only if it can keep its skin moist. There- fore it must spend part of its time in the water. If it were away from the water long. it would be un- able to~ replace from its body- fluids all the moisture evaporated from its skin. Hence it would die.

Higher animals. living on land. cannot exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen through their skins. The reason is that they are not so constructed as to be able to sup- ply to their skins the great amounts of water which would be evapor- ated in the prooas. They are able to sulrviveonly bccsuse they have their breathing surfaces enclosed within their bodies. where evap- oration wil-.i not be great. There is little evaporation from the lungs and nasal passages of higher an-i- mals for the same reason that there is little evaporation from the contents of a bottle which has a small neck.

Respiration in every organism takes place only through nroist ceu walls. The simplest plants. suoh as bacteria. and the simpler water a als secure oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide directly through the cell walls by oanosis The higher green plan-ts have

four mil of St. Vith; the Third Army seized Diekirch; and the

at Nijrnegen attacked the enemy. The Germans assault in Alsace was stopped when the Seventh Army struck back and planes raked ‘the German ,lines. United Statu First Army took

PACIFIC

THE ENCLOSED RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS OF HIGHER ANIMALS

St. Vlth on Jan. 23.

eta. a hlghwa southeast of captured.

Field Marshal Von Rundstedt led the Geman offensive on the Western front.

Japan is making s new syn- thetic gas out of the roots of pine

ees.

Thalllum is now being produced at Flin Flon. Manitoba, for the first time in Canada.

Canada is the second greatest exporting country in the world at this time.

The Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan is ‘Thomas Miller.

Hon. Colin Gibson is Canada's Acting-Minister for Air.

Romain Rolland. famous French author. died recently.

Archbishop Dsmaskinos is the new regent of Greece.

town. 7i miles incayen GlliI. was

gases pass to and from the interior of leaves and stems. In the more complex animals special respira- tory structures ane necessary in order (1) to provide enough oxy- gen for the cells farthest from the surface and (s)

turned from them. The starfish. a fairly complex animal. has spe- cial tissum over all its body which function in this way. Still more om ex ’ ‘ cannot be serv- ed by simple structures scattered in various parts of the body. These have specialized structures of res- piration, either gills or lungs, lo- cated in one part of the body. The silmloest t‘ t‘ have their rte;- TY 5 YUAUIQBLIIDQBQG. l"... t, highest animals have their res- piratory structures enclosed thus preventing excessive evaporation. All the land animals more com- plex than the frog, namely. the reptiles. the birds. and the mam- mals, eliminate carbon dioxide and secure oxygen means of lungs. There are minor differ- ences in the breathing structures of the different higher animals. but there are no

supported by

into the northern fringe of s. for- est 1% miles south of Xanten. The giernzans had scores of guns in this ores .

Some Canadian tanks s rted the attack and flame-t owers were used to drive the enemy from dug-in strongpoints on the peri- meter and in the towns.

At Veen. three miles south of Xanten. other Ontario infantry Western Canada tanks were engaged in more stiff fighting.

Alberta Minister

Denounces 00F.

EDMONTON. March 9 — (OP) Hon. Solon E. Low, Alberta minis- ter without portfolio in the Social Credit Government, said in the Alberta legislature today “there is no more vicious political party machine in Canada than tihc

bruins debate on the s each 1mm "it? K111117118. Mr. Low. wIro la national leader of the Social Credit Association of Canada, said it was his firm belief the 0.01‘. party intends to socialize the land. He said utterancu oi were at variance with those ex- Dressed in books endorsed by the Y. He challenged Elm E. Ro , provincial leader of Us: 0.0.1“. 251d

member of the legislature for Ed- monton. or- "any other socialist" to

the ‘party's platform as set fora: in Dflmtfiiiets and books

Hitler May llave Plans For Some

Jlcw Wicitcdness

German Gives His Views; Believes Nazi Collapse _ Won't Be Soon

B ALVIN STEINKOPF

DO N, March 9 - (AP) - Capt. Franz Rintelen, who has spent more than 10 years in Allied

risons and ncentrat-ion camps or his Gonna connections in two wars. says Hitler probably is plan- ni‘ some nerw masterpiece of w

cor. leaders ‘*5

ce. other countries. including Can- ada. hove developed sir evacuation of the war casualties to a high degree of efficiency. the r rt says. Its first practical applies Orr was by the Germans. evacuating their nationals from the civil war Iigiiiing in Spain.

Baby Shortage Worries France

(B The Associated Press)

PARIS. March 9 - One reason why the De Gaulls Government wants France to tread the post»- WB!‘ Path with sgartanlike sobriety is the critical ba y ghurtagg,

The population program is caus- ing far more concern in qiiicial guarters than the present lack of uel, and transportation because gilanxrliéstignai existence depends on

Hardly'had the exuberance of liberation died when tl fill “i”? éhilfll?‘ a t. a ,cose ar q _ mg tried to popuiariz fruit juices as a substitute for alcoholic bever-

S

e . The night clubs ma o n ain when there is more cgal [fad 85cc- tr Paris may dance again when the WB-l‘ is over. But Government is going to see that the typical young Frenchman of the 1950s is a healthy farmer rath- er than an absinthe-sipping boule- vardler.

Gen. De Gaulle solemnly fol: his people in a recent speech tha France must replace "i2,000.00-- babies that we have been deprivec- of in the past 10 years."

As the first step, the Government has created a commission of popu- lation and family consisting of nine members headed by Gen. De Gaulle. It will lan i; new deal (gi- French family Iife.

The commission lgted

the

0011

raising children, better housing and better medical care. It will try to encourage raising childrenthrough education, decentralization of large urban populations and through en- uragement of immigration.

A Gover official indicated that drastic taxes would be impos- ed on unmarried men.

‘Why are there more coflins in- France today than cradles?" the newspaper France Libra asked edi- torialy, answering that it is be- cause of “lack of moral scruplss, and huge increase in abortions- Wom Yeflrly-and lack of laws orientated to family life."

Plfvvifiilm h_better..environmcnt for. .

i o privately that the acute.

p one thing about the rein ornaments and 0.03’.

members another.

Canadian Anny "had told me that reinforcements were quite satis-

P!

Mr. said he did not collealues until the session of parliament in November when sessions had shown the retnforoesnent situation

after the Schelde ensleernent was critical.

Oily 0f llucrcn (leases To Exist

BY LOUIS P. DOGINEI

DUEBREN, Germany, March )- (AP) —- Dueren, ‘a miles south- west of Cologne and l0 miles northeast o! Aachen, was a rlcn flourish city of .000 inhabit- ants unt a few ago. Today, Dueren virtually has gassed to exist. On an occasional

n rising uge heaps o rubble tell you that tihis was gdolbh sq

oesch uare.

A former Pacific detective. lb sisted by we lieutenants, two ser- geants, s corporal and three priv- ates. has - uty of bringing temporary order out of s, chaos to that of St.

what can be done in the way of destrn s city at Aach

o’ have

‘ loolliti filtered into Duerezr.

These refugees comprise men, and c n n

rangingl

hildre age from one month to U years. “d I'M Ducre themselves would have ‘ma,

ners been‘ lem; nl f civilianolfigitagfgb of tlglsymgg: factoring town remain . ' aw‘ “i”: ‘at’? “out rma u e ms ghpllled to village; and towns in e

ares, one. new for Allied liitary

Just th mac a airman

Here is the ne list f exempt from milvitary 302%‘:

ding such service nsnet conduct or inefficiane

w‘ l’ 5V9" m’ m“ w" Far East, Europe, Asia and Afrlcu

3. Slngi I h h m. ° "§§t“§““fnu.i" ° "'

ried on or prior to and have not become widower: without childreran, judicially separ-

. Personnel retired or ditch

nf (my worse. n. ~ ‘d

visiorri): of the Pension Act. . Petrzonnei retired or disarm-- o

ch, however. is remit-ins, only on a minor scale and i! Will" nly specialists d

Describes ‘Ililiitilif: Sent To Soldiers j

problems there Government officials.

Plans for llcturn cf Farsi Markers sf°..."b“..l‘i.ét‘.litl.irlli".’.