"TNEWsY NOTES -

l! AGIJCOIA

~ mu,- m." ISLAND PLANTS l rue LABIATAE

manly of aromatic herbs glrrnllsl whose flowers W0 ' ged, whence they "flu-d w be initiate. ur 51in)“, morning lips..The frag- Wl“ ' l“ rrctll a semivolatlle 011 flmclmlil/(‘S which are sometimes hmfie with we oil glands. As Wu]? expected. the oily scent

t Fmauid the attention of "m at; {o tile lllcdlcinnl and cul- wfmlifluas of tilts family, and w” g has continued to this day. ttllmqame are very numerous T." 1:01,; 150 genera and 3.000 "m ° or wide distribution. All Wrabiates have been introduced

Eilffllwi “We

the genera Wang-lg in Licopus. and Pa"? M Ilium‘ _ (Aju a reptaru) m’ Bgglyfgwiyedmv alrtentlon in n! “@130; R R. Hurst. of the 1m b5 n. ' Plant PYILLIOlOZY» “W305 pcffilllllfll with some- ms blue flowers lu 8 Shim»

riull-?,Y§°i,0,,.e,. commonly distant

t is a . (“whales

ish herbals as an disordetrs.

lanai 11 .. m \ "consumption.

Trl

\\‘ 531d ill France hi lcian nor eur- Mdfgllageéglfir Bibi‘. and Sanickie n, (10th not only cure woundes gag inwardly taken but. also all‘ to thelll outwardly." The c; an the plant Consonde Mug. I Judge the Bugle to w“ lit!!- | t wi [ihelhfxilhfl-GOZ M, latel-lflolra).

tgot- its nalll wedv for rabies.

m ‘trapped for

n1 a portentcus nun! Skullcap (Seutel- Possibiy the e as a. Slllllwsed but‘ if soghitthag so on: I 11 nylon occurs in my herbals. it Blrullcaps however, have still a gt reputation against nervous ‘l; livwlflilfi convulsions, etc. ti). aspirin-anoint herb with one §lIHllliS tlilte all other labi- “1... spike axillary racemes of Qurld blue flowers? 011d 0V5“ curate-lance leaves. OOH-mew ser- nte Another specis, the Marsh mlicap (S. galericulaxal is found h," “no It has its bluc flowers lclilirv ill lllt‘ lralaxils. ‘Both Skull- mg are fond of moist l-IFt-lillld- and my be lookorl for on UH! banks of and lll Slulllfii‘ s uft 011s. “$22M Catnip (News miter!" l'30 known as catlllillt, Catnep. and mplr- Nep, It sometimes occurs as l. .1. lrlr...r.i.- - O I llwai urcatly valucti at one timfi ill ncrvlrle for infants. and as a. mans of inducing perspiration in sluts: hence its pNSBIICE in ruetio pxlens it ico< a remarkable pow- ll’ over the nervous system oi cats. lhlb earllllp it its lloplllal‘ name. l'.SllO\\'t‘l'S are nearly wilitte, but. tlfrk-doticd. Closely related in the Ground lay [Ncpela hcrlerncea); but its lovers are all intense blue. and its ltylbit is crccp _rz. b An okld-‘VOIJE , .. . (i u lon s slo l\ val it of opuiar names: in Bfltiln lt is t. ll-ovcr-the-ground " ‘ileiloofi’ "flove." “Tunhoof ‘lledgemaidsj’ and "Robin-run-in- hlltdftfi" In France 'i%isd"'5er: m.‘ “ ierrc ‘Ferrote.’ ‘ on e e. 0"'Miitlt‘llo " Silllle of these. as time ‘lltlftli and Rolldette. refer to ilieslane of the leaves", others liter to 1's cl-ceplng propensities iiledroulid Ivy was formerly used LDIEWEIS to render ale bitteirf, noe "Alchoot." Taken as suu ltras a cllrc for rcndache, and flan extract, rllixod with honey,

-. Z , a q 1

ltwaya fluorite rcmcdy for kotlchllli (YllllllliillllS. Gerard has melting t0 snr about it, too!

‘Boiled in mutton broth it helpeth tile weak allri airing backs."

Altilth‘ collzrrlon weed in fields 00d mil \\-.t~'t~ plamw is the Seli- Mi tllrullcilzl vulgnrisi. This too htotilcl- ]t.'t‘,tlll.tl' nmlcs Heal-all, ill-heal, and Sicklowort. According toGerarri lli(‘ name Prnnclla comes ltvm lllP Gcrlllnll word "Brunellen-

litlillcd to this plant because it tilted tliat illllilrlllllation of the ‘hm! allil lllouttl ca“l='i “die

lmtll" in rnvit- Britain it was #0 a_:‘.l.ll.\t rvlaxcrl and "sore ‘villi; A ualriirll plant, P. grandi- -l5 ncrlnlps an elegant variety ti l‘. Villifilrlb, writ liar-y iloi llcariiv finished with ‘flllildil-Ps lllll for the present whose trill llntllinlcnt. uitil the mnmftl ilt-lnilllcitle (Gaieopsls b‘ M-t ‘this is an erect branch- h in. oi n rll. rough and coarsely thc sit-w rollcn under the Ml,‘ "i ilfhrcrs are purplish or ‘mrtndllrlllsml-c-l in the leaf-skill t i hi! lrrllllnrll spikes .

invading

~. at . __ ; hp D930 Nrttlo andgwei-zttlg-(ifildl ktlqzilsqlg“l\‘ ‘irritate ones hands ~ “£12”; ‘ha? tltchlc tUrlical do i all?- “ tint. lls troublesome weed

lnv fllrnt

"P Dtovciles. A good Wmwmlf‘ 0f it is "l-‘Hl in "The the t’ or Canada." published

k F‘ ill Government.

As I Look Back The

y, "its bclivcen i870 and i900 hflygwglrifllis rears for "coaches" ‘in. still? lfarhars were termed. .fly,,l,fli Dossihle to find many tmflhllfriflhs ot both sexes. in '. l.,,,.,’},¢0ilnvloa. and these - nu the lW-rpflsifl" need 4th. it's-re willing to v 1° nvvone who they fir‘ . ill" ‘Qenuine article.” "1"" Whilst be exnlatdcd

t"'“"['~_ attempt to nr-l-

__ If‘! t ‘e masses ._.¢ the

, ‘ “h was the in- 0 Vhn

.-.,.,.., W‘ schools." which y“, h‘ ""'"10t'~d and gvre. l..,. floral Squire. No ‘ "f were ort-nte-rl for w-“liml. and it mtght . "" hut-hon of some ,‘ “ "“'*-r is interested. , "b" i014 g m“?! (‘p- ,.,“__"‘"tr'~‘s P"'l'30l in ... ,._._.___.. a "PYhI-r neglected an». rem reading m)

Seggal other counts. en the Church of En up ma decided to buvaglfnigazglf at system of education whereby on fatal: gland could have something dam an W" 380211?» by the old es. Special buildings. in a semi. ecclesiastical st 1e of architecture and of substantlal build sprang up’ ell over the country. As- the “Na- gghlll 501M301" w“ “ppm-fed by “Nb funds. Bubblementcd by donations from the local gentry (and the coal-owners in our oar: tlcular district). the sole trustee was the Parish "Priest," ls we caged the incumbent. (His per hale W" the Rector. or Veer. u tile cw might be). mu wu not u. very dwmwtic way of doing but it worked all right and with little friction. The first school-masters, under the new system. must have been amateurs. for all the British colleges at that time trained men solely for ecclesiastical careers. Often the National schoolmaster himself saved enough money to on- itetrrycollege "to study for the min- s .

Now the Church had no power to compel attendance at the school. and many children of idle disposi- tion or those who lived st e dis- tfl-TIN. manwed to ' lay trusnt.” ‘these were the peope who. years 8330;‘. became pupils of the pro- fesslonal coaches.

In 1870 the State passed en Act establishing School Boards with fipularly elected Trustees. The

e put on e school tax, built better (and better equippd) schools than the Church could, and often wiled away the Schoolmasters by means of higher salaries: so that inevitably the National Schools fell behind in the com tition. The State also made at ndance com- pulsory. with fines for non-com- pliance.

Taking on these adult Britons as students was interesting work. One man whom I taught had ma-se £44,000 and could not write his own name. By cautious enquiry I found that he had been hired by the land- lord of s. public house (or inn) as s. bar-tender and had married the landlord's daughter and £600! With that money as nest-egg. he bought a dilapidated "pub" (inn) in b. neighboring iron-smelting town. and remodelled it, 081318 plenty of minors etc. He hired a drunken genius of a painter to pain-t bord- ers of wheat, poplar, and floral decorations on the glass of the nlirrors. I believe it was Josh Billings who once said that Satan paid poor human nature the com- piiment. of never presenting tempte- tlon on the half-shell: that is. in its native unadomed state. This was true in the case of the re- novated pub; the iron-workers tllronged to it in droves. and it be- came so prosperous mat the enter- prising bar-tender sold it at e high

c.

He easily-after this initial euc- cess --persuaded others to Join him in similar ventures. and by the time I was called in he had accumulat- ed the amount already stated. But his wile had to sign all cheques! a situation he didn't at. all ep- preciate. However I drove him hard (which amused me bwauee he was hard himself) and soon had him write l. fair "fist." When his first cheque went in, the Bank culled him up for an explanation: they didn't recognize his signature!

Another Briton in whom I was interested wee l. Mr. Wilson, who was home on furlough from the Malay States. He had been tllcre a-long time as Surveyor to the Sultan of Selangor and about once in five years he get six months leave to visit England. As I men- tioned in a recent. Note, Mr. Wilson had been so long associated with the Malays, and under the influ- ence of their customs and climate. that his countenance had taken on some of the Malay characteris-

"here is a. foreigner." However, Mr. Wilson was a Scot, and had not lost his accent, his capacity for work, nor ills ceslre for learnint’. the last being almost universal a- mong his countrymen. l-Ie hunted me up because he thought he hao a good opportunity to renew his acquaintance with the mathematics of land-surveying, bllt I did better than that for him: I borrowed some of the instruments from the Sur- veyor at the Town Hall. and every Friday aftenloon Mr. W. and I

went. over the environs of New- castle, plotting and making entries in a Field Book. It was much pleasanter than surveying in Malaya,

of tropical Jungle made him feel like an ant exploring under a green tablecloth.

While walking back to town af- ter the lesson, I learned many things about the Federated Malay States. They are now earmarked as part. of the British Empire, but at. the tkne I mention the connection was very tenuous: it mainly con- sisted in a. promise. to the native Sultans. that Britain would not oer- mit any other power to annex their States. At. the same time, to deserve this protection the Sultan was ob; llged to instal n British "Adviser. To have conquered the States by force of arms would have been easy; but. it would certainly have been inexpedient. for the seeds of rc- bellfon were everywhere. Slavery was a deeply-rooted institution in Malaya and many cruel practices went with it. I-Iad Britain annexed the countries this must have been forbidden, and the Malays. who nev- er worked themselves. but depmd- ed entirely on slave-labor, WOJIG have taken up arms at once in their own interests, There were many other local customs entirely 09.381‘) to British practices, so the Sultans adviser was counted uPOIi W 1'!" him in the right direction. till the offensive custom was abmdlfid- This plan worked very well. M“ W. thought.

‘Inc Malays were very brave. but very blood-tbirfy: Mr. W. had 1W" present when two runaway slaves. a man and n woman. 11nd been F.6- captured: the Malay 000ml" tlheir owner) ordered them to he drowned. as a warning to others. o0 they were taken in a boat iv thf‘ middle of the river. a sues)‘ WW entwined in the woman's hat aril sl-c was held under the iviiel willie in» man awaited his. turn .11: was such customs u this that

tics. and one‘: first. impression was"

he said, when: tile exuberant growtn V

'l'l_-_l_I£__C_t_iARI.()TTl-ZTOWN GUARDIAN

PAGE NINE

IABSHFIILD.

1 CONSERVATION I

a wean! COLUMN or l-aacrrcar. OPINIONS or nu vnu. ISSUES arncnno mm uses AND ABUSIS or xarunar. RESOURCES n m. urnbow ramxms.

TIMELY NOTES ON CONNECTED W

Silver Fox Farming '

TOPICS ITH

THE SLAUGHTER 0F THE WHALES

Eight thousand men in 270 ships are unting whales in the Antarc. t-ic- They hunt them there because

no other seas are there enough mflke 115mm! on e. large scale Pay-

Yet whales were once lentlful in all other seas-but they? have be- come reduced by over-fishing to mere fractions of their former n . '1he Antuctlc is the last stronghold of a big whale popula- tion. How big it. is no one knows; ‘but "5 11115 yielded to the whaling fleet in each of the last nine years over 27000 vmales There is evid- ence that it carlnot o on yielding l0 Ill-Ne I. number: ere are sgns that it is being over-fished.

The method of fishing is deadly. The whales are chased by steam “catchersfl vessels about 120 feet in length; they ere killed and cweht by 1151900113 fired from a

in the bows. The huntin unit fgéprtsel lfive to seven cachers I M80 Parent ship. l. floating factory of 2000) tons or more. Such units remain at, sea“ completely self-contained for long

ere were no restrictions to "118 industry no one. knowing the hl-WOYV of all olde whale fisher-es could doubt that. tlle last great pop- ulation of whales left in the world would be in danger. not. indeed of extinction, but of something op. Pwflching it; not of extinction be- cause it would not pay to send shiplhrl those m- sees to kill the

es.

Much slower methods sufficed to dectmatc the whales of other seas. One of the most important of other fisheries was that of the Green. land Right whale in the Arctic. It went on from 181i to 1911-for 300

are. The industry declined: it had important by the middle of the nineteenth century: it, died for lack of whales by the beginning of the twentieth. The Greenland Right whale is now one of the rar- est of whales in the sea.

‘The Antarctic is e far vaster sea than the Arctic and there can be no doubt that its original population of whales was much bigger. But it has not. proved big enough to stand up to the mecllanised industry based upon it. Whalers. having cleared the other seas of whales, at the beginning of this century tamed to the Antarctic. ‘They found there Ln the sumime, months enormous of two large and simual- species of whales-blue whales and fin whales The blue ls the larger of the two: it is the biggest c cat- uro the world has ever known. It msv reach a length of 100 feet and a weight of perhaps 150 tons. This is more than the weight of twenty elephants. The fin whale is some- what smaller.

At the begnnlng of the century mechanized whaling was in its ill- fancy. The steam-chasers were smell and there were no mobile

factory ships. Consequently the. industry was based on land staticns and was therefore amenable to con- trol. The voniy suitable land for whaling operations in the vast Antarctic sea ate the isends oi the

klan Island Dependencies, which are British possessions It was hero that whaling brlseu were first established 1n the Antarctic. and from the beginning these basrs were controlled. The nilmbots ct com- Dfilllég and catchers were limited the whalers were forbidden to take whale calves or- mothers accompan- ied by calves, and they were requir. ed to avoid wasteful the use of the carcasses.

The European countries of the Atlanfc. reaboa-td kern ships‘ and scientists constant-iv at. work _s.udy— ing tho fish whzcll make their seas of commercial imporlanc? to them; and not. only the fish but the or- gnnjsnrg they fezd u on, and varying waters ill whch thi"

During the wfhlggoflthcvu _

the adviser was up agl-lills’. nllti even the Sultan could not alter them overnight

About three-quarters of all the

tin used in the world came from the mines of Malaya and these belonged to Malay owners, bili were worked by Chinese lllillcrs. The climate. everywhere oppr li- sive, moist, and hot was very rv- ing to Europeans, but Mr. W. had become lnured to it. Leather goods soon perished in that climate: even his bicycle-saddle was made of call- vas, and so xvere his suitcases.

MORE ABOUT MANURE

I reccmmend readers to send up to the Publicity Division oi the Dept. of Agriculture. Ottawa for Special Pamphlets, (ll on " arm- yard Manure." and (21 on "Fcrlii z- ers for Various Crops " The letter of application need not be stamped. The first (Farmyard Manure) gives timely hints on the care of this valuable material, and shows its place ill the rotation. Wltll tllc general increase ill the price of chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure is going to play a more important role than ever.

TIIIIIIII?

A R. O. P. Sired Barred Rocks and New Hampshire Reds new

available of our hatchery. We curry in stock end ere agents for the complete line "Jemeswey" Poultry Equipment. Place your

orders today.

DILLON 8t SPILLETT

Charlotteiorvn. l’.li}.l.

Tht 8.11110- on ‘Thursday that

this show p

--‘ in a 1B0 Government decided to do the some for the Antarctic whales. The nec- essary money wag raised by taxing able the indus . In 1925 the whaling exchange this “ca; take their nemefromtliafirst ptobceru- ployed in them the Discovery, flld are called me "Discovery" Inrvestlge- tions. I have space only to dee- cribe those of their results which illustrate what effect the slaugh-

r is having upon the stock of w es.

Blue and fin whale; begin in breed at the age of two ears. Fins cease to grow bet/ween the ecu of six and eight. blues between eight and ten. The females normally bear om», young every two years. Neither species of whale lives to the greet age that was formerly cu posed; it seems likely that a e thirty years old would be a. very old whale. They one summer ’ tn the Antarctic and feed end grow fat there. They spend the winter in the warmer waters. when the

35 per cent. of cus value However. the net to the shlppe

and 55.00. George Callbecki. tel

altothe

Three-quarters and somewhat neglected and did n bring the prices tagged on them.

soid well. but the darker types we not wanted. Pearl silvers also no very well.

must endeavor to foxes still more if we expect to c much figure tn

During these years of research t ma’ °n mem‘ inciustrv was not standing still. I had grown steadily since the begin- Dgl of the ccntur . 1n the season 1 10-11 6.500 wh e5 were killed. Fourteen years later the figuzc hed ralsen to 1,500. More than half the whales were caught in the les- trlcted region where Ant/arctic whal- ing had begun, in the southwest Atlantic the industry being still partly dependent on land bases. The remainder were an ominous portent. of the future, for they were taken eisewheie and by a new method. They were caught by catchers based on a factory ship capable of accompanying them to sea, and of remaining at sea with them carry- ing out at the same time all the functions of a more station.

_ In ‘a few year; this new, so-cellcd “pelagic" method of whaling had

truce-quarters or halves. The day prior to the auction

of 6.051 full silver Lampson. Fraser dz Ruth's.

fox pelts

a top price of $76.00 was realized. dlan National Fox Breeders’ A elation. Sununerside. has made foxes and their mutations that loumflls- Many of our readers w

on on these new types so we a reprinting it in full.

In the season 1928-9 over- 20000 whales were killed in the Antarctic. The number reached e. peak in i930. 1, when more than 40000 whales were killed. So great was the pro- duction of oil that the market was flooded and the price tell. In the following season a part of the fleet. abstulned from shfng the average oi the number killed 1n each of the fzve subseque lb seasons has been over- 29 000 whales.

Though this new whaling began in an uncontrolled way, it is not now altogether unrestricted. An International Convention made in Geneva in i931 which became law p me yeelg later, prohibits the kil- ling of claves, of mothers accom- panied by calves and of immature whales: and imposes some other general restrictions. The greater part. 0i the industry is shared be- tween roughly equal numbers of British and Norwegian comm-Ill”- They have realized that they were over-fishing and they halve. in eon- sulation with one another and more recently with representatives of their Governments, agreed to some Fmitatlon of the catch by different methods in different years. But, it is not nearly enough; it will not. save the stock of whales.