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THE OYSTER INDUSTRY

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Following lathe report on "The

oyster Industry of Prince Edward Is- land," which was made by Prof. H. li. Shaw, to the Domlnlon's Royal Tra...o Commission :-

From the earliest times the oysters

of Prince Edward Island have been famed for their excellent quality and the importance of protecting the oyster resources was realized as early as 1825. when the following colonial statute .was enacted:

WHEREAS the oyster beds within

this island have of late years been much injured by extensive exportation of the oysters and by the taking up and burning oysters for iinie.

"(1) And be it enacted therefore

by the Lieutenant-Governor, Council and Assembly, that from and after the passing of this Act, no oysters shall be exported from this Island for the space of seven years; any oysters taken up for exportation shall be liable to forfeiture, and the Master of any boat or vessel receiving any oysters on board any such boat or vessel for exportation shall be liable to a pen- nity 'of £20 to be recovered in the Supreme Court of .iudicature by bill, plaint or information; one half where- of shall be paid to the treasurer of this Island for and on behalf' of His Majesty and the other half to any person who shall sue for same. And it shall and may be lawful for the said Supreme (iourt to order costs to be paid by the Defendant in such bill, plaint or inforiiiatioii.

“(2) And be it enacted by the

authority aforesaid that ,from and after the passing of this Act, no person or persons shall use any oysters taken from any oyster bed for thc purpose of burning the same into lime under a penalty of £10 for ent-li offence over and above the forfeiture of the linie so burned, to bc recovered with costs in mauiier herein before provided and to be divided as aforesaid.

"(3) And bc it enacted that this

Act shall be iii force and continue for the space of seven years from the passing of same, March 24, 1825.

At the expiration of this Act in 1832

the clause prohibiting the burning of oysters was reenacted and in 1840 the exportation of oysters was prohibited for another period of seven years.

The first Act providing for a close

season was passed on May 2, 1864. it forbade the flshiiig, selling or having in possession of oysters from June lslt to September lst ot' each year. iii 1805 an Act was passed enabling the Lieutenant Governor iii Council to grant grounds in certain portions of Sliemody, Dunk, Ilillsborough. llrude- iiell and (lardlgaii Rivers. The grant was for twenty years with the option of renewing it for u further period oi’ forty years., The grant became void li the rent was not paid within 30 days utter becoming due.

’l‘lie application was made to the

Lieutenant-Governor iii Council with plan attached certified by a land sur- veyor and after 30 days notice iii thc (laizette was sold ily public niictiuii ut the Colonial Building in (lliarlottciowii to the highest bidder.

’i`iie owner of the forcsliore was en-

titled to receive a grant on applica- tion.

The taking of oysters was also con

fined by statute to residents in thc col- cuy. -

in 1860 nu Act was passed reizailat-

ing the cancelling of oyster grunts .viiereby tim coniponsution was iixcd by three comiiiissiouers with provis- ions for appeal froiu their decision to the Supreme Court.

iii 1872 ii nrniit oi' oyster bottom in

the Narrow:-i iviis made to W. li. Pops for the sum of £05 and nn niiiiuiii fin t rent of one shilling. He was permit- ted to procure oysters during thc noutlis of July and August of that :scar and stock the urca. Tiioy w<,i'o bought at S‘.c. and sold in thi- full ii. Moiitreal at from $2.50 to $4.00 per lizirrcl.

In 1873, when Prince Edward Island

entered into Coiifeileratioii, the oyster fishery came under tho Doiiiinion regulations which provided a close season for oyster fisiiiiig from June lst to September lst in each year.

These regulations uric in force un-

till 1885 when an Order-iii-(louncil was approved extending the close sca- son to September 15th in eiicli your.

in 1887 a Couiinfsitioii consisting of

Messrs, Edward Hackett, of Tixziiisii, l’. Ei I., Alfred Ogden. of liulifax, N. S., W. B. Deacon, of Sliodinc. N. li.. and J. Hunter Diivur. of'l’riiice Co.,

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There is Nothing Mysterious

this

ici

'ii‘.‘ll€“"i»‘»i.li‘i§i‘3.`§”'»1'w=f and 1 mimqulrlns °ri»°fi°§fr° is in reality A limPl° lf' °

d ct th ir It 9

chudntz mo" uite .as row!

on their olden. is give 331% courteous urvic stent endeavor. Thilbmk Ill: been In business for 88 1°” mi our ii ion euioy fl" promotion 3°: Reserve Fund nearly double the ClPifl|~ W’ invite tiopolitl. ’°

The Bank 0f _ Nova Scotla

li ° 7711.00

n Y 'ot September in oooh year. both days

P- E- X-» WHS Hpnoiuted to investigate and report on the condition and re~' quireuients of the fishery and present. §}<1If}hZ`f°ll0wiiis report to the non. ‘. . ester, Minister of Marine and Bisheriesz-

t Slaid Commissioners were nominated 0 nquirelnto and report upon the lobster and oyster fisheries of the Atlantic Maritime Provinces of the Dominion of Canada, and to offer re. comuiendations for the preservation an'd development of these fisheries.

l`lie lobster flsliery of the Dominion

is U19 Blllliect of a separate report and is of this date laid before your Honor.

'I_‘lie (.oniiiiissioiiershave personally

visited the greater number of the oys- ter grounds in the four provinces inur- giiiing the Gulf of St. Lawrence and have to express their view that the live oyster beds are of much larger ex- tent than they anticipated, and if lud- iciously supervised. must form a not uiiiniportant item in the national re-

sources of Caiiuda.

The quality of tho oysters on the

natural live beds of the lower provin- ces varies much, owing to the nature of the bottoin in oyster waters, the depth, and differing salinity of the wat- er, the shelter, thermal ililfereiice and other natural features tiiat; have u. bearing on the case.

Along`tlie greater part of the shore

of the (init of St. Lawrence, east of' Ga_spe, are evidence that oysters once existed in linineiise diiaiititics as is shown by deposits of dead oyster shells, which in places are not less than twenty feet in depth. lu some places (but not in all) these beds coiiid

he roplunted or revived.

_ The decadence (death) of thc oyster in thesc places is expiaiiinlilc by thc ciicipaciiniciit of the sea on the drift- ing beaches. by the clearing away of forests, nitcriiig the siiullow iiinrgiiis of the shores 'and from other caiisos too ubstrurc for the (loiiiinissioiicrs

now to go into.

The floiiimissioiiors have, iiowcver,

fo_uiid tliut iiic iinturnl livc oy.-itcr boils of the Proviiiccs of New llrunswick and Prince Iddwaril lsiuiid und, per- haps of Cape ilreton mid elsewhere in Nova Scotia, ure of large value as a fishing rcsoiircc. and that thcrc is iiiuch ground nvziliulile in :ill thc At- lantic Maritime Provinces for profit- able privzitc culture under zt liberal system that would induce private per-

sons to devote their care to the indus- ry. The oyster fishery is different from

lobster and otiier fisheries in that it is prosecuted without expense. A boat. worth $10 and an oyster tongs costing $1 are all the material requir- ed. So fur as the (lomniissioners can leiirii there are no vessels specially inillt for thc oyster trade. Large num- bers oi’ sciiooners iiiovc annually to tho oyster beds and flsli tiiein with tlioiinouni crow, but these vessels are a part of the ordinary coasting marine and cannot be taken into account as part of the oyster fishing plant. It may be ineiitioned that for want of a systein ot' registration or license, no account can be obtained of the quali- tities taken by this fleet of one or two iiiiinlrcd sail. it ls, however, evident that mucii greater quantities of oys-, ters are taken than appear on the ofliciul returns. And it is not too much to say that half as many young oysters are destroyed hy reckless fishing as appear in the lilue-book. Say a. fur- ther 20,000 or 110,000 barrels recklessly destroyed annually without benefit to niiyoiie and to the great detriment of the beds.

iii the nbsdiirc of niiy system oi' reg-

istration. tho vuluc of plant employed in thc (‘uii:iilinii Oyster i¢"shery is a muitcr of iiierc calculation. Per- haps the ioiioiriig upi'.i-ox.ii'aiies uae ii--ui'l_v us p‘ss'.-lc to accurn- \‘;

l‘. I-I. lz=i:ii\.‘ lo" l-oats and tonite;

value $10,050; produce last year, 33,- 125 bnrrels. ra

N. ll.. 550 boots und toiigs,vnlue

$6,100; produce lust year, 28,083 liar- rols. '

N. S., R0 hosts and tongs; value

$330; protluce lust year, l,Zl97 bnrrcls.

An oiitilt (toiul value) of $17,000

would cover tho whole oystcr fishery -~giviiig niirllal oinployiiicnf. during three iiiontiis to perhaps 1,500 men who 'inay hc descrilieil us only "occzisioiiill fislieriiieii."

The bouts are not used solely for

oyster fishing. They are the ordinary all-work bouts that every farmer with water frontage possesses.

lu addition to the floating plant

about sixty tliousniid barrels are an- nually rcqiiircil. but those are empty iioiir lirirrois nt 12 1-2 cents a piece. it will tiiiis be seen that the oyster fish- cry is i-urried on without capital.

Tiioro is no regulation of the fishery

whntsocvcr, cxcoptiiig a close scasoii from June lst to September liitli iii- clusive; and shore wardens without iionts are utterly powerless to check poachiiig in the close season.

A series of charts of existing oyster

beds and of probable oyster grounds would necessitate prolonged und expensive actual survey ami should be made under thc care of u. general superintendent of oyster cui- ture. The Commissioners have care- fully gone over the evidence and beg to make the following observations and recommendations:

"(1) They would respectfully re-

commend to Your Honor‘s con- sideration that one general law of reg- ulation should cover the whole of the Canadian Atlantic sea-board with the following provisions, namelyz-

"(1) That existing oyster beds'be

reserved to the public and that their limits be officially defined;

“(2) That mud-digging be prohib-

ited wltliin sixty yards of any officially recognized workable live oyster bed; and that suitable portions of bays. creeks, estuaries or harbor be consid- ered closed for oyster fishing and said closed portionsbs laid off for the digglngs of shell manure;

"(3) That bays of considerable ex-

tent in which there are many oyster beds be marked off in two or more div- isions and that the divisions be fished only in aitemnte years;

“(4) That for the present, the

present close season be retained iimel from the lst of June to the 15th

inclusive.

"(6) Thai. under o penalty of for-

feiture of boot and appurtenances no

oyster that does not measure fully two inches in diameter of shell, nor HIW long (oblong) oyster that does not measure fully three inches of outer shell and that posession of such under- sized oysters by any person shall be punished by fine.

“(6) That all winter fishing be pro-

hibited for oysters (Commissioner Ogden dissenting.)

“(7) Temporary or permanent pro-

clainations to close localities where the supply is so nearly exhausted as to warrant closure.

“(8) That under section 21, sub-

section 4,, of the Fisheries Act, a lib- eral inducement be offered under a system of leases to persons who will undertake under stringent regulations to grow oysters on private beds; tiiat is to say.-that a lease be given (un- der bonds) for not more than nine years (renewable) at a nominal rent for the first three years conditional on a sufficiency oi' brood oysters being planted on the area within one year after date of the issue of the lease. The Government to have a lien on such planted beds.

"(9) Easy and inexpensive ar-

rangements, by which persons owning water frontage may lease their own loreshores for oyster culture from the Government.

“(10) That Parliament be invited

to appropriate a sum or sums for the formation of oyster beds in various waters and places found adapted for that purpose and for the transplanting of oysters and restocking exhausted fisheries by natural or artificial means -in accordance with section 21, sub- section 5 of the Fisheries Act.

“(11) The appointineiit of a re-

sponsible officer of fisheries, capable of the position and to rank with the Superintendent of Pisclculture as Gen- eral Siiperiiitciidoiit oi' -i-,-yster Fisher- ies and tn have geiierni siiperiiiteiid- ence of nil public and private oyster culture;

“(12) A system of registration of

oyster bouts, with otlici' doiuils, to be arranged by the llepnrtineiit,

“With reference to clause XII, Mr.

(iomniissioner Ogden iuovcd that the insertion of the word “free” system of ilegistrution, ctc.

Mr. (iominissioner Deacon moved

seconded by Commissioner Duvar, that the annual registration fee for oys- ter boats be one dollar, carried, Mr. Ogden dissenting.

lu 1892 oyster fishing through the

ice was prohibited. in 1893 a proper code of regulations was adopted which were as follows:

“(1) No person shall fish for or

catch oysters without. a lease or lic- ense froiii the Minister of Murine and Fisiierics.

"(2) 'l‘lic owner, person or persons

interested in ti fishing boat employed in the oyster fishery shall cause a ineinoruiiduin in writing, setting forth the name of the owner, person or persons interested to be filed with the local fishery officer, who, if no valid objections exist, may, under instruc- tions of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, issue a fishery license for the same and any boat of fishing ap- paratus used with such license, shall be deemed to be illegal and liable to forfeiture, together with the oysters caught therein, and the owner or per- son using the same shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by the Fisheries Act.

"(3) All boats fishing for oysters

shall have a registration number cor- responding with that of the license leg» ibly marked or printed on the bow of the bout, in which colored letters on xi black ground mid the initial letter of the port to which such boat belongs, such letters to be at least eight inches long.

“(4) Oysters shall not be iislied for,

caught, killed, bought, sold or had lu possession between June ist and Sop- tcmber 15th in each year, both days inclusive.

“(5) Fishing nf oysters or any

other shell iisli through the ice is pro- hibiteti.

“(6) No person shall fish for. catcli,

kill, buy, sell or have iii posscssioii niiy round oystcrs of n size less than two iiiclics in ilinnioter of shell, nor any long oysters nicasuriiig less than three inches of outer shell.

“(7) Round oysters of a size less

than two inches in diniiieter and long oysters ineasuriiig less than three inches on the outer shell that may bc accidently cniiglit slinil be returned to the water alive at the cost and risk of tho person so fishing on whom in evcry case shall devolve the proof of actual liberation.

Provided always flint persons iiold-

ing fishery llc(-uses may olitnin from the Miiiistor oi' Marine and Fisheries permission to iisli for and catch small oysters for thc purpose of piiiiiting or stocking oyster beds. Fishiiig for oysters is prohibited on Suiidiiy and from sunset to sunrise on any other day of the week.

"(8) No person shall dig mussel-

mud within two hundred yards from any live oyster bed and then only at such places or place as may be pre- scribed in writing by the Fishery Of- flcer.

"(9) The use of rakes for the pur-

pose of taking oysters on any beds prepared and planted by the Depart- ment of Marine and Fisheries is pro- hibited.

On September 10, 1898 the use of

drags or dredges on the public bed of Prince Edward Island was prohibited for that season; alto for the seasons of 1898, 1900 and 1901.

On September 13, 1901, the close

season was extended to September 22, and in 1004 it was still further extend- ed so ns to prevent fishing in Rich- mond Bay from May lst to September 22nd which regulation-became effective elsewhere in 1905 and in that year the, silo limit was increased by three inch- es ior round oysters and three and one-half for long oysters. It was, however, provided that the Minister

Dil. DaVAll’S FRENCII PILLS f,‘iZ°‘a‘2

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FRY’S COCOA maintains the vigor and the bloom of youth because 8

§ it is the most nourishing “food-drink” in the world. Every cup

Q is brimful of buoyant health in concentrated form. Withal, of

delicate and enticing flavor, it bespeaks the care and skill that have Q been taken since 1728 to make FRY’S a cocoa of exceeding fineness 5

and purity. Always ask for FRY’S.

Truro. Montreal Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary Edmonton, Vancouver, Victoria

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Trade Supplied by 76 5

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oysters for stocking purposes.

in 1901 an Order-in-Couiicil wus np-

proved prohibiting mud digging in it certain portion of Trout River and Bideford River. lii 1907 the closo scu- son was further extended to include from April lst to September 30th und tlieuse of any impieineiits other tlinii the oyster tongs and rake was prohib- ited.

The regulations with the various am-

endments were embodied in the Con-

lid t d G neral Fishery Regulations

so ae__e___ ________ _____ (Continued rn page ten.)

1 will offer for sale by auction, on

the premises at Kelvin. the farm of the inte William Glover, consisting of 100 acres of excellent land, known as the "Johnston property", situated 1,5 miie from Kelvin siding, and 1% miles from Kensington Station. This farm is in n high state of fertility, is well watered, ond adequately fenced with cedar and wire; also 1 6-ft. hay mow- er, nearly new; 5 jnunting sieighs; 1 miloh cow, 1 set driving harness, I budalo robes, new.

Bolo takes place, Friday, October

23, at 1 p. m.

Terms to suit purchaser, Anyone

desiring information on above named

proaerty coll to see owner, Mrs. Lo- vin Glover, Kensington.

, HUGH MORRISON.

Auctioneer.

Kensington, Oct. 18, 1914.

might give permission to take small,

YOU MAKE A BIG MISTAKE

IF you allow anyone to tell you that we do not sell tickets over the Canadian

Pacific Railway.

We sell tickets over every line of Railway in Canada or the United

States.

We can sell you your ticket from any point to any other point connected

by rail or passenger steamships. 1

, We make a specialty of planning circuit trips which will allow our pas-

sengers to take in the greatest number of points of interest.

~ - If you will favorrus with your businees we will promise you a service ai-

ways the sa_me. We will secure your sleeping car berths for you on any line or lines and will guarantee our rates to be as low and in some cases lower as

those of any other agent.

If you_ do not take advantage of this service which is offered by no other

agency in Prince Edward Island, you lose more than we do.

w. T pecans

fisherman shall bring-ndttiro:‘;(uo\pt-' , ,

~- om-ma mount) my mini sua at nuiin nmnwro 8019-SIMM i

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