, ARMISTICE on, movement 11th, 1929. I

_________ B ‘ En,“ Y (iEN Slli ARTHUR W. CURlrm, (i.(;,ll1,(;_ ‘ Principal of‘ llIcGill University, 1n conunand of the Canadian \ L011)! in France during the Great War. _______________ The Armistice became effective at the eleventh Mu g ,3, eleventh month of the year eleven years ago This is tile ‘Tiiist. a l . oc- cas on on which the anniversary falls on the same day of the week 1t is a day of coincidences-full of happy auguriggl 1 Just u Almlfliltie brought to a closa the most awful war in

.Where Canadians Fought

Battles and Principal Engagements in Which Cana- dians Participated on the “est Front, l9l5-l9l8.

—l9l5—

Action of St. Eloi ................................14-15 March The Battles of Yprcs, 1915 .. ....

Battle of Festubert .. . . . . . . ............19-25 May Second Action of Givenchy, 1915 . 1-7-16 June

The Battle of Loos snip-oasis.

' " -l9i6-

Actlon of St. Elol Craters ......................... 4-16 April Battle of Mount Sorrel . . . . . . The Battles of the Somme, 1916 Basentin Ridge . . . .

Pozieres Ridge (Fighting for Mouquet Farm) Gulllemont Ginchy lPiers-Courcelctie . .

I

believe.

in an Armistice message last year I said “The ihlnklnB‘ a} 1881. ms they never thought before, Th“ l3 We“ mo" ("l9 10GB)’. The Allied Armies no longer occu German territory; the Kellogg-Emma Pact is regarded u a re‘: basis of intematlonai relations. and not as a mere gcsture of good will: the Anglo-Saxon nations of the world have drawn closer Le- gether, and acute causcs of friction between them have been re. moved; a dlsarmameat conference will soon meet, and the V1515“ 0g l “"16 "m" at peace. an ideal for which Canadians shed thrill‘ bl°°d l“ 3°"°l'°"5 profusion. is nearer a reality today than ever b°[°1'°- It this b9 U110. “'9 have the solace and the comfort that the cruel war, brought to a close eleven years ago, was not fought in vain. ,

A5 "l9 W"! S0 by we cherish and rcvcre more deeply the memory of those whose sacrifice was so great. And on [h]; an niversary, witil its sacred remembrance, we pledge ourselves agziln to ensure that those sacrifices, with nil thcir splcntlour and inspira- tion in our countrys life, shalt not leave a legacy of unnecessary suffering. Tile task of all of us is to see, not only tint such sacrifice shall never again be called for, but that our country keeps

nations are in terms of peace."

n"

1- 3 September .. . 3- fl September fl September September - - - ‘ September Abboyo) . 1-18 October Ancre Heights (Regina Trench) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 Oct. 11 Nov. The Ancre, 1916 (Capture of Deaumolu Hamel) . 13-18 November

—l9l7—

German Retreat to the Hilldenhurg Lino . . . .. '24-'20 April '1‘he Battles of Arras,191T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . April tl-Aug. 25 The Battles of Mcsslnes, 1917 .. . . . 7-14 June

The Battles of Ypres, 1917 .. .. .... .... .... ...1lliy 31-Oct. 9 Passchendacle . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct. III-Nov. 10

- .._.............-.=e._.....-ea..-.~i -.i.... ~44.‘ h .

hearts.

r

McGllI University.

the faith with the men and women wllo gave so mucil by eds. quately caring for the broken wllo came holne, enis of the fallen whose memory we treasure in our minds and

and for the depend-

A. ‘V. CURRIE.

In the days when Egypt was at the

height of hcr glory there was a day of-

fessting observed after the ingather- ing of the harvests: Those were the days when the Egyptians worshipped sun gods. Of these, Osiris became tho most famous. and his worship spread

' gradually over the whole of the land.

Osiris, or "liiany-Eyed," was worship-

‘ - ped as early as the fourth dynasty of

Egypt, or about 2700 lJ.C., but does not seem to have been universally honored until about 1800 BL‘. He is said to

- have been the son of Saturn and Alu,

and was given by his father in charge

' of Pnmylcs. He became king: of Plgypt,

lllul is accredited with having civilized the Egyptians. and especially of lliIV- lug taught lhcni zlzricultllrc, the cul-

‘ lure of the vine and the art of making

beer. 1n Illlys oi (lid.

By the side of tisiris stands Isis who

- it was llclicicil ill tho. . , nlotllcr, wife and sister of tlsirn.

is to those two thcn that the husband- men in those ancient times gave preci- ous offerings, which were laid upon

' their altars. Sacrifices were! offcrcd

up as well as offerings of corn. Wheat

i was ille most. important grain crop of

zypi, and collscqilcnily the protoc-

' tlon of the (lollies under whose prince- - tlon this came “as oven more than _ ordinarily important in the oycs of tho

Egyptians. An interesting fact, too, ll connected with the manner i_ll whicll they harvested their wheat. instead of reaping it in the customary manner. the straw was cut just below the head of the grain. This was put in bags and carried to the threshing floor.

i i where it was trodden out by oxen. . Even tn the fcw cases where it was

rcilped in the usual manner tllo oxen were still employed to thrash it.

Antedailng the celebration by New- foundland by about. 3,000 _vc:irs is that which llioscs made unto tho Jews when he bade them "observe the feast of fubernnclcs sevcn (lays. aficr that thou ilast gathered lll thy corn and thy wine." This feast wns lloglln on the fifteenth day of tho seventh moni h in their calendar. 'i‘ishrl. which col-rc- spends to port of our September and October. 1t was instituted lirlnC-Iillilli’ in memory of the nomad llfc of the people in the desert, and the booths and tents used on their march. Ilut In addition it also had an agricultural signification and was a feast of the "ingatherlng."

Sacrifices anti Music.

During the feast the great malont." of the people lived in booths that wcrc mmlo of olive. Pint‘. "Wljilf- Pull" "ml other branches. ns was l\ltltll‘l\ them do by Moses. These booths were erected on the root's of houses and In the streets and courts. Of all the Jewish festivals this was the most lmlwriflnl and foyous. During the sevcn days of its continuance special sacrifices were offered, and a greater number of burnt. offerings than at any of the other festivals. The "Joy 0f U"! "billm" was one of the special lwrtlvnfl °l U?’ festival, COIIHISUDS "f “l” priest-a retelling water from the well of bllvflll and pouring it out. This look place during each morning's sacrifice and was accompanied by musk? find hymns. in addition Io this there wns

,1 grand illumination In the cvenlnF i"

the court of women. This was said t" have lighted up the whole of the city of Jerusalem. During and followlni: this illumination dancing and sinllliiff took piece. Every day lrumlifii! ‘"11 sounded twenty-one times. I f! ‘l

At the conclusion of the seven tiara festival an eighth day was added. This was entirely different from the othel days, being I. day of solemn rest. On this day the sacrifices and Khncrnl oer- vlce differed from tho prccedinl? 0b- u-rvances. and a sin offering in cvnlfl- tlon of trenagresiiion which might have been committed during the hil- erlly of the previous feent days-W” slaughtered. The agricultural allznlfl- cance of thI festival has gradually faded into nothing more than a lus- torlcal or poetical r lnlscenee, but the observance of the booths and tho

l

1 TlianksgivingDay, Ancient and Modem

the harvest bunch. composed of brilllclles of palm, myrtle and willow, and tile esog-frult, wihlch was carried in procession-in the temple by the faithful during the sevcn days‘ festi- val, still exists, with the strict adher- ents of traditional Jilduism.

The Greeks‘ (Ielcliration.

Ono of the most important festivals celebrated by the Greeks was called the Pllcuslnian iliystcries, which was the annual festival of December, the Goddess of Agrlcullilro. 'l‘llese my- stories consisted of two parts, the t-‘rcatcr and lessor mysteries, the luitcr being somewhat in lllc nature of n preparation for the arc- icr. The first pllrt of tho lrrcnler ln ‘stories was llcld ill Athens. whose cit .cus were the principle [\lll‘ll('lPI1l'|i$, while the most important rvcnt look plnco at Elcllsis, a fcw nlilre oust oi’ Athens. 'i'n be initiated into the mystcriesnras com- pulsory upon evcrv free-born Athen- ian, lull llll ilihrrs ‘ore cxcludctl upon pain of doalil. 'l‘hi.-= ceremony, which was secret mid not to he divulged hy the mcnlli w. has been likened to Free .\i:\sonr_v. The 'il\‘lll lnstcrl nine day , beginning just zlttor the harvest- \'llll-'. aild liillillf: that limo a general roliglnils pezlcc prcvllilurl. (in tile-first day thc initiates received their instruc- tions. The second and third was given over Io pllrifl tlonn in sea water and offerings; of - liflccsj

On the‘ foul I duy the procession of the sacred basket took place. This was filled with pomegranates and pop- pies principally and was drawn

Battle of Camhral, 1017 ..»

.'.i.'he Battles of the Lys . .. . . . . . The Battle of Amiens The Second Battles of Arras, 1918 Battle of Valenclennes (Capture of

Capture of Mons . .

"n"...

-'—l9l8-—

The First Battles of the Somme, 1018 ..

The Battle of the Hindenburg Line . . The Battle of Ypres, 1018 . . . . . . .

Bettie of the Sambre ..

.... .... . Nov. iii-Dec. 2

t" .. illar. 21-July l ; . . 9-10 April 28 June 8-11 August

26 Aug._13 Sept.

Sept. 27-Oct. 9 . .... ...... ‘.19 Scpt.-1 Oct. Mont Houy) 1- 2 November 4 November 11 November

.._ n so‘.

---i..-..-.....---|

Note-The dates given are those during which Canadian troops were engaged, they do not necessarily cover the full period of the battle,

lcarned of llcr daughter's where- abouts. ‘

\\'|th tho Romans the celebration was held fust before the harvesting was bcgiln. the celebration bring called "Col-calla." At that time 'the country people dressed in white and were wreaths of oak leaves. Dances and harvest songs were done in honor of Cor . . plays were presented and games of Iherircus played, besides offerings and sacrifices. - . ‘

1t is claimed-tint even‘ the Hyper- borczins. the inhabitants of the most ndrtllcrn part of Europe and Asia. celebrated the production of corn and fruits by offerings and rejoiclngs. in India the harvesting obscrvnnces coil- eisled principally ill long processions to the icmnlcs of tho sevclal deites. where floivcrs and corn were placed on the altars. This was followed by rejoicing far into the night. Siva, \Ol“lSlI16l’Cu the “Restorcrfl” was the deity most IIOHOIICiI on. this occasion.

A Quaint Custom.

‘In Peril in former times a quaint and interesting ceremony look uL-ice at. harvest. time. One hundred sheep of different colors were offered and PFILVRI‘ that hiayz mlizht livsforevcl- offcred. Follolving‘ this and with many ccrcmonics. a quantity of mnyz was put into an iron pot and parched

slowly, being constantly watched for three nights. This was crlllcd “pirvn.” A special. sacrifice \\ s luadn zit thr- end of tho third night and the witch- cs were demanded to tell whether or uotit have strength enough to live another year. 1f the anew ' wa in the negative lilo grain carried back to the farm from which it had been taken and another pirva burned. Otherwise it was dressed up in the llcst clothes ‘possible and carried soi- cmnly 41nd worshipped.

1n Rilndos, Silcnus was nt. one time carrlcd in a pvncxxssion. This was a clown llrcsscd as a wonuln null crown- crl with cal-s of corn illui hcnrillt? llboul him other symbol: of Pecos. Ho “an czlrricll in n wagon with ffrczit pomp and ccronlony tliroilgll the streets. The horlicr: were cnvcrcil with white shock: elaborately decorated with corn lllul wild flowers. The ancient. 'i‘cu- tons and Fcandimlvlans offered sacri- fices in l-‘rlyv, the and 4f rzlin and sunshine and the proiccior cf all lilo fruits of the roil.

A‘ P! I

The hnrvrst crlohrzillfln in old Elli!- lziiid was known as the "linrvcr-l lionlc." At. tllc present time the "Harvest llolno" is collnoctrd with final gathering Ill oi‘ the crops. but it began with tile kllihcring of the first

through the street in a. ale-l cart. The fifth day was the “day of torches," when the initiates, ileadcd by n. torch-bcnrcr, walked ill n procession to the temple of Demeter, and. it ls boliovo- spoilt. tho night there. 1t was on the xlh day that tho most import- ant event occurred. This was the pro- cession nlonf: the sacred way from Athens to i-ilcusis. whore the ‘candi- dates were iuillzllcd illto the final my- steries. (in thzlt day they became “(']i[)p(fl(\," instcnil of mysillc.

0n the seventh day they returned in Athens fillllil pcncrul hilarity. The eighth day is thought. to have bccn nildoti for the benefit of those unable to attend the cclcbrnliiln at Elousls. 0n the last llny the ceremony of the "Plemocllnne" look plncc. This con- sisted of placing two cnrlhcn vessels fillod with wine? one toward the east. the other toward the west. 'i'hen nn attend-ant priest, with raomc mystic words. upset the vessels and the‘ wine thus split was offcrcll as a. libation.

A ilnlllnn llolithly.

The Romans wor-dlippcd Pores in- sicad of‘ iiomrtcr, lull tho. lcrcliil in regard to holll is ill‘.‘ll‘llt‘tlll_\' identical. (Tcrcs, it is claimed by JiOIII" mytholo- gisis, is the r-‘nllfic as lilo lsiri hill- Dcfl by the Egyptians. The illlflgo of (‘eves is tlult of :1 itlll wnlunu on whose head is n wrcllih. t'lii\I]lf‘i.\Cll of cal-s of corn. In ilcr loft iuunl uhC cnrrics n hunch of poppies ld corn. nnrl in her right a lighted torch. 'l‘ho myth conccriliug her ls as inlcrcsiiili? as it souls stratum in this day and generation. The one generally accept- cd tells of how silo mllldcred over lilo faco of the earth In scorch of llcr be- lnvcil (laughter. I‘|'n-<cl'r1l"l‘. W11". lli1- known tn her. had been stolen by Pluto, king oi‘ tho infernal regions, and made his quccn. i-‘lnullv. howcvor, (‘r-res lonrlm of her diluclllr-fls fate and inlplorcs Jupiter to restore her. This Jupiter promises to do on the condition that Prospcrlnc has cnten nothing. Ceres noes to Pluto and is just about to fake Prospcrlno away when one of the king's spies claims he has seen Prosperine eating a pome- granate. This mnkcs it lulpnsslblc fol hcr Io leave. Pores, howcvor, still pleads with Jupiter, who finally con- sents lo lot hcr stay with hcr luotber half the year provided she remain wltlt .l‘luto the ccmalndcr. Proslwflill‘ w-as thought. to represent corn, con- noqucnily the idon of her hcinr: under- ground and - nhovo ground half the year. 1n the festival of tile Greeks. Elguglg [q tho principle place. as they

believed that lt was there that Ceres

t,

this year. "AND we do invite all

Our Reign.

THE FIRST THANKSGIVING ‘PROCLAMATION IN CANADA

VICTORIA by the Grace of God oi the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of ill: Faith, etc, clc?

To all to whom these presents silail colne or whom the same

may in any wise coliccl'n—GREETING. . James MacDonald, AtlorncyiGencral of Canada. "WHEREAS it hath pleased Almighty Cod in his great.

goodness to vouch safe unto our Dominion oi Canada the blessings of a bountiful and abundant harvest—

"WE therefore considering that these blessings enjoyed by our people throughout _thc saicl Dominion do call ior a solemn and public acknowledgment, have thought lit, by and with the advice of our Privy Council of Canada, to appoint ‘lliursday tile sixth day oi November next as a day of Gcileral Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed

Canada to observe the said clay of General TllalllGglVlng.

"IN testimony whereof we have cause these our lcltcrs to in: made Patent and the Great Seal oi Canada to be hereunto aiiixcd. Witness our Right Trusty and Well-Beloved C- unsellor, Sir John Douglas Sutherland Campbell (commonly callccl the Marquis of Lorne). Knight of our Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the 111mb. Knight Grand Cross of Our Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and Si. George, Governor General of Canada and Vice- Admirai of the same, etc., clc., etv.

"AT our Government House in our City of Ottawa the ninth day of October in the year of Our Lord. One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy Nine, and in the Forty-third year oi

By Command J. A. AlKiNS.

our loving subjects throughout

Secretary of Slate.

fruit, and even now the custom ‘of of- fering first fruila is still practiced. The (‘HHIOIIIS conccrnng this "Harvest Honle" are cilrlous and oftentimes dif- fcrcd llcllll :1 to their nature and the method uf ~ "lug them out. Some are ui’ extrcnlely ancient deter-es in tho case of “shouting of the churn." TlllS is a. relic of the daysiwhen Apollo was worshipped in old Eng- lzlllii. 'i‘he "shouting of the churn" i.~: cilnstziillly doiio in some form or u hoc by thc ccapers today. The churn, o:- lzcrll. illcnlls a circle nr ring, form- cd by several people joining hands. It rllsn luczills :1 cllzlpict or crown-worn on the head m- cal-ried in procession on n. pole. 'i‘h|;; English celebration is clnilmwl by some to be almost identical in llulny respects with our Thanks- giving. " ' "Kcnlpillg" and "Kern?! -

Scvclill lulalnt customs were car- ricd nut in Scotland when the reapers luul illlishcd their tasks. some of which still cxlst in a. modified ‘form. Tho (‘Pllllirllliiill was somewhat simil- ar to that hold in England, hut was

“Konlpiug in England is tho same :l.= the "illcll" in Scotland, or “Me- loc“ as it is sonlciimes spelled. 1n- zlslllllch as lilis sonletinlcs ends-tn a row, tlln latter spelling is anything

4_

‘ THANKSGIVING DAY i IN- CANADA c

To Zwwfoundland, the oldest colony of the British Empire belongs the honor of having the first Thanks- giving celebration on this continent. [This was in 1H8 and it was conduci- ed by l. clergyman who accompanied the expedition which under Sir alar- tin Frobisher brought the first. Brit- ish immigrants to ihe New \\’orld.

picturesque ceremony and they had nluch to be thankful for after their voyage. 1n ‘those days the voyage was a really hamrdous adventure. To the perils of the sea in tho ltiill‘. coracles that were the ancestors of the modern ocean greyhounds were added the possible attention ot‘ buccan- neers of the ocean who knew neither flag nor race when they saw a chanm to plunder as well as tile luuy of Ill:- nation with which the nationals of the adventurers or rather tileir kings and

but inappropriate. This feeling was caused by tile desire on tho part of cacll rczlpcl- iu be the first to‘ finish the ins day's work. As they went ' rout ping, though. thoy ‘were lrcflli tn lcnvn n good-sized hand- ,lul or grain llll ut. When the field - ipld broil finishci these wcro dccolnt- lid wllh bright colors end hailed as iH-m-n llfllllCS". 'l‘llcn tile bonnicst ic in thr- \icinit_v was allowed to ,cu. those down, alter which cere- flllolly lllc_v wcro tlroilghi; home in triumph nccolvlpllnicd by tho music oi tuldlvn and bagpipes or solneother ‘ s ruluclll and i-ullsplcllolllsly dis- - rd at lllf‘. toast. or ‘ulell supper" which folluvrcd. 'l‘hcy were also pre- vvcrl lnr the l‘l‘l llllricr 0t’ the year. 0c “iuinnic who had been chosen in cu! down one oi’ these i"corn bilbics" was tho "harvest lqllccn" at tllc "lucll supper" at which ,sllc was present. i .\ somewhat dlttcrcnl version of l lilo s.lr.lc prlilciplc. is still carried on i In nolnc cxtcnl. insicud of calling tile ililllfiilll oi‘ zrnin it ft uncut a doll. it I is ticd up illltl liill'lll‘tl n “uial‘e". Aficr :l ‘ luls llr-cn flnislloii the lll<‘i‘ and cncll Ihrmvs his in on cnllcnvol‘ in cut it \\‘llcu our‘. finally succeeds lllf‘ crlcs nut “l have her!" "What llll\‘(‘ you got?“ call out the. other rcapers. "A marc. ‘onles back the you do with tier?" . "We'll send her Alaclnlosil" is the final call ill wilicll illc nllnlc of some farmer not ycl rluishcd cutting‘ down his ccrn is :llll.‘illllllf‘tl.

The nillTtiiil Supper. Tn some ports of i-Ingiand these u ulna l‘l‘{!lll'l|lllt{ the last. ilandfuls lI sLill c.\ d. but. the nalnce‘ are dillcrcut. in Yor iro it is n "Har- \l~.--l lilllpo" ill ls the prlzrx-wdlile lr liclltprdsllirc lck and Jill" is the . chosen llllltlf‘. Al the suppers which avo lil\.'ll‘lfllll_\’ ill-Id the same spirit i:: carried nut as "1 fills country, and -:.lllic it lll:l_v not iloccssarlly hcltur- My and cranberry snudc. pumpkin pie and all the other good thlnlts which make the eyes of Canadian boys and rrlrls grow big in expecta- llon, nt lcnst tho. things are those which bnvo Ibo some effect nn the lucvs nnd girls of l-ingland and Scot- and.

When who French rcaprlrs have finished the task of cutting’ down the grain they not. together and arrange

inpou some day wilt-n they will have a general jnlllflcntlon or iittllv "ro- "wle". This is callrd "Tile llmz". and is the ilmn when the llcnch l-capcrs have their autumn festival.