- Ottawa.

THE GUARDIAN

Published even ' I momma at Ll Prince Street. Cu: lottetawl. P.l.l.. by The Thomson Company Limited

"Devan Prlnse llvard Islsal like the Des"

Editor. Pnal Walker General Manner. Ian A. Iurult

In-such emcee at Sununernde. Montague and Albenoa. Aullw lud as Second Class Hall by the Post mun Department.

It Csrrlsr: Charlottetown. summersids 115.00 per annuu when in P 1. ".00. Other Pmvlncel and U.S. 312.04 per annum

"The strongest memory Is weaker than the weakest ink."

THURSDAY. MAY 10. 1955

Abandoned Recommendation

Among the recommendations made by the Massey Commission four years ago was the setting up by the Federal Govern- ment of a fifteen-member council which would be provided with public funds for university scholarships to assist painters, writers. musicians, and others, in pursuing cultural activities. It would also have pro- vided tor a Canada Medal-first proposed by the lets Prime Minister King in 1943- ta be awarded Canadians for distinguish- ed service in any field the nominations to be made by the Council. Although the matter has been discussed from time to -time since the Massey Report was first published. nothing has been done to im- plement the recommendation. Moreover, it looks very much as if the idea has been abandoned, or at least put off until the Federal-Provincial Gmference scheduled tor next fall, at which time it may or may not be brought up for examination. (It seen: hardly likely. since unemployment and tax problems do not mix too well with purely cultural subjects.)

There is an unconfirmed but persistent report that the delay was caused in the tirst instance by the view of some Pro- vincial officials that the proposed Council and its responsibilities would be unconsti- tutional. inasmuch as it would function in the educational field. a Provincial pre- serve. Whether there has been. in fact. any real oppomtlon to the proposal. the Federal Government has not revealed at- ficially; but. even If there has been, there surely must be some way of getting around the objectioll for the benefit of those Provinces which would like to see the plan adopted.

1!: h an odd oiruunstance, for which no one seems to have any satisfactory explan- ation. that the Federal Government is able and willing to find money for almost any- thing esacept education in any of its bran- dies. Whenever this latter subject is mentioned the cry goes up that Provincial right: are in jeopardy. Does this view contain any real merit? Or, is it just :1 eotvvenient ilacade for hiding Federal in- dltltorenoe to education, art, or any other non-polttieail facet of our culture? Is it not HQ time that the situation be explor- ud thoroughly and intelligently and some Qecihe policy determined?

A Complex Question

After studying the subject more than two years, during which time they heard many witnesses and much expert testi- mony, membersof the Commons-Senate Committee on capital punishment are re- ported tc be ready to make definite recom- mendations to Parliament. The chief of these. so it is said, is that capital punish- ment be retained, but used, when man- datory, in some form other than hanging, preferably electrocution. This recommen- dation. which may or may not be accepted and approved by Parliament, appears to indicate a desire on the part. of committee members to effect. a compromise between the wishes of those who would like to see the death penalty abolished altogether and of those who believe that no change should be made in the present law. Taking the former side are the psychiatrists, the sociologists, and some other experts in human behaviour. The latter view is held diiefly by court and police officials.

It is not hard to understand why there should be important differences of opinion

plex; and It was no enviable task that the committee members took in hand. Perhaps the one thing on which there will be al- most universal agreemeut-assuming that the death penalty is to be retained-is that the present manner of carrying out the

law should be replaced by some more humane method. There is a horror about the present one which seems to be in no way necessary for the requirements of justice.

The Auld Ayr Kirk

Three hundred years lie about the Auld Kirk of Ayr, in Scotland, and the celebra- tion of this event in recent weeks has at- tracted wide attention. It was at the Auld Kirk pulpit that Robert Burns was baptiz- ed. and to its right that, when a boy, he sat with his father. The church was a hundred years old in Burns' time. and has many other interesting claims to fame. If its walls could speak. there would be among the echoes the voices of Cromwell's soldiers, and the clatter of Claverhouse's troopers. An older building, which it re- placed, knew Wallace and Bruce; it was within this older Church of St. John that the settlement of the Crown of Scotland was made upon Bruce and his heirs. Mary Queen of Scots sheltered there.

The tercentenary of the present build- ing has been marked by varied activities, culminating in a pageant performed in the Ayr Town Hall. It opened with the figure of St. John the Baptist, patron saint Of Ayr, "proclaiming the way of the Lord." 'One of the episodes showed the Cromwel- lian invasion which led to the abandon- ment of the earlier church. The scene end- ed with the words: "I'ae think that it should be dung doon by a pack of sancti- monious, psalm-singing Imglisi !" An- other episode showed the Kirk Sesion judging misdoers brought before them for leaving the Kirk during the sermon, poach- lng salmon from the River Doon, and dancing and drinking for two days after a wedding! These Incidents were based on extracts from the session records. Among other episodes-there were eight. alto- getherewas one featuring the choir sing- ing psalm times to doggerel verses, as was done in times when the psalms were con- sidered too sacred to be sung at oholir prac- tices. There is this verse to the tune ”Frenoh":

A weaver said unto his son The day that he was born, "My blessings on your curly pow, Ye'll rin wi' pirns the mom."

According to the Edinburgh Scotsman, from which the above details are taken, the Auld Kirk is as much the centre of civic life today as it ever was. Ayr has many churches now, and a diverse religious life, but in times of crisis or thanksgiving, thoughts turn to the old church within whose walls every event of national and local importance has been signalized.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A news report says that women ac- count for only a small percentage of the cigars used in this country. Well, that's something worth knowing.

O O O

The average annual income among Am- erican farmers is about 552600. However. there are 115 million farm families, mostly in the South, whose incomes are less than 951000.

I I I

A report from Britain says that one of the main problems facing both Conserva- tives and Labouriies in the current elec- tion is the lack of any real difference in 'basic policy. ”We can do it better" is about. the only slogan available to either party.

O O I

A German professor of Innsbruck Uni- versity. Dr. Theodor Erismann, has in- vented a portable radar apparatus for the blind. The apparatus sends out supersonic waves which rebound off solid objects. The blind person can judge the distance and position of objects by the variations of a

between these two groups. and there i-2 something to be said for both views. Mod- em sociology is leaning more and more to- wards the position that the sole purpose of punishment is the reclamation of the criminal-something, of course. which is Impossible when capital punishment is used. The old juridical doctrine of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" is fast becoming obsolete among sociologists and crimlnologists. Whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent to crime has never been scientifically determined. Some Am- erican States where the practice has been discontinued seem to believe that it is. and some don't. So many things besides law enter into the picture that it is very diffi- cult. if not impossible. to decision In the matter. It must. be allow d however, that the views of police officials are entitled to respect; their Q9n'.'I'll:I be'ief

tbsttbe abolition of the death penalty

WOIIH Qrlously endanger the lives of law ' I -- ottloers cannotbe br.is'.1e'l

arrive at a wire.

buzzing sound in an earphone which he lwears. During a recent experiment, the I apparatus guided a blind man to a letter l box fixed on the facade of a building. 0 U C

A broken clay tablet bearing part of the Gilgamesh Epic. the famous Babylon- ian myth written about 1500 B,C.. was re- cently discovered by a shepherd near Meglddo in Israel. This is the first Baby- lonian literary text to be found in this region: sections of the Epic. inscribed on tablets, have already been unearthed in Iraq, chiefly at Nineveh, on the site of the palace -of Ashurhanipal. King of Assyria In its complete form. the poem in cune- ifomi script covered twelve tablets. each one devoted to an -adventure in which the mythical hero Gilgamesh plays a direct or indirect part. Several "copies" of the, work

plete. and archaeologists have been able to piece together most of the Epic. though certain gaps still remain. The present find. a fragment of the eighth tablet, describes

have been discovered. all of them incom '

........sss..4.

s!

Medically Speaking

Hermes N. lnndesen. M.D.

NAIL-BITING II AN IX.PBE8B- ION OF SOME ITEAIN

Children who bite their nails have always given parents a good deal of anxiety. to judge by the letters they regularly write me on this subject.

In a child who is happy and not backw .1, this is not necessarily a sign of anything serious. and is usually outgrown.

With nail-biting. as with thumb- sucklnx.t.be parental worry is often all out of proportion to- the habit itself. .Sometlmes the parent's overconcern may even give a clue to the cause. and the same is true of thumb-sucking and bed-wetting. In some children. the three habits go together. while several members of one family generally have the nail-biting habit.

Biting the nails is not usually done consciously. but is an auto- matic piesslon of some under- lying emotional strain. This may also take the form of gnawing. or chewing on anything handy. such as a pencil.

In children, the nail-biting may come to the surface or become more pronounced at special tense moments - before a school exam. or before reciting in class. Mystery and horror programs on TV and radio can also work up nervous tension in a child who tends to bite his nails. It you watch the child during the pro- grams. you can usually notice If they make him nervous. and find other interesting things for him

i to do at the time these programs

are 011.

Puiauc FORUM

fats aelsns ls span a the (Issue gently asrrsspsldents at quantum

srlly sslsns tau oshlss al . respondents.

AN APPRECIATION

Sir.-Will you space to convey to the City Coun

spirit of cooperation

at present hung there.

wholeheartedly behind effort to bring before the

other subjects. The recent renova

the bus terminals. the P.E.I

lobby. has resulted in accom- modation of a quality we believe unmatched anywhere in the Mari- time Provinces. Finally a word expressing the unfailing kindness of Mr. James Fullerton, our City clerk, always ready and wining to meet a request for any assist-

Walthen Gaudet. our 1955 Centen- has advocated our warthwhiieness Society housed in the fine Civic

Centre at this time of writing. I am. Sir. etc,

Vte E” I7oe&'f'n-12144

ENIGMA

at first With timid ”esilance, it tried

crocus CUP.

tenlng up.

1

chatter, it spoke. crescendoing in sound.

the matter- Word-tantalizing rain that found Elualon in a soft. well.

Times.

l The Age Old Story

It is indeed gratifying and help- ful lo find our city fathers so contemplate dramatic or us in our results from any single meeting public at whatever of our Island some of the beauties Of 011? lllldltllle. l'n8l'iIl8l and part in ”orderly negotiation most

tion in the Civic Building. housing

in nding The New

it is. of course. the proposal for a "lop-level" meeting between the heads of the Governments of the U. S., Britain. France and

kindly aulfw llussia that has caught headlines

and public imagination. and it is

oil and Mayor. also all officials, . the appreciation of the Art Soc- ulfdlllubiediy lim lmlf-mllmm (ailing lely of P. E. Island on the flue 0 t e mvitaion w ic went rom Soc I b d hshown our ie y y ten in t em the use . of the beaullfully riuovaled lobby whole. It is only one feature. And in the new Civic Centre in which ' lflyse" am "ill Pt 3" 5"” "ll" lo show their 1955 An Exhlbluon it ll the most important. The el-

Paris to Moscow on May 9th. But. this is by no means the

sence of this three-power plan is. in my mind, that it does not rapid

"level". It invites the Soviet Government to take

t likely to bring about agreements in progressive stages". And the - note points out that this will be

Travel Bureau and the spacious 8 process which will need go b, ”pursued with patience and de- termination".

The place of the heads of Gov-

ernment meetings int this cedure will be simply in a short meeting to exchange views, to formulate issues to be worked on. ance asked of him; also of Mr. and "0 "3999 ”" ,me"'Od” 3” be followed in exploring solutions". nial secretary and manager. who This. ii is hoped. Will live an "impetus" to the negotiations that as a cultural effort and to whose WW” f0"”w- It (300111 hardly do efforts largely do we find our Art more. F 01' Such 8 K119611118 1111151

lnecessarily be a brief one. Its

pro-

The rain was but a whisper when

The pristine pane. and us. as if It durat

Not speak full voiced, in throated tide.

Till it had gently caught the its-

Then slyly. with a swift. staccato

Exultlng now in all it had to tell in riddles. daring each to spell

unsolved fare-

-Frances Gass in the New York

objective is to assert the will of the four Governments to remove

A. L. WRIGHT the sources of conflict b t

their countries. The ways of do- ing this must be left to the For- eign Ministers and the diplomats. But an English proverb has it that "where there is a will there is a way".

It the "top four" talks were to disclose or produce genuine unity of will to settlement and agree- ment. the way would be far more hopefully open than at. any time in the past years. But neither the

Th. jug, the hladlng ,u-,,,, the three Foreign Ministers who sent

the invitation nor their NATO

before sending it lusions.

LIMITED OBJECTIVES

have any II-

The other point which I think needs to be stressed .la that the objectives to be aimed at are de- liberately limited. There is no talk. as there has been in earlier and fruitless exchanges. of "seek- ing to remove the causes of world tension". Very carefully the invitation is that the Soviet Government shall join in an of-

rt to ”remove the sources of

colleagues whom they consulted-

Approach

By W. N. Ewe! United Kingdom Information Officer

conflict between us". For one thing. as the notes remark, the four statesmen in I short meet- ing "would not undertake to agree upon" substantive answers to the major difficulties facing the world". For another thing, the four power: have neither the right nor the duty to settle prob- lems other than those in which they are directly concerned. Even questions which have been "sources of conflict" between the four may - indeed. generally do -concern other Guvernmenta and other countries. Which is why the notes suggest that in some phases of the subsequent negotia- tions other "participants" will probably have a role to play. it is an assurance that there is no intention of the "big four" at- tempting to decide and dictate the future of other nations. What will be the practical el- fect of this limitation of the scope of discussions to "sources of con- flict between us?" That lemalns to be seen. The three-power pro- posal is deliberately no more pre- cise. For this matter of the scope of the "effort" is one on which the Russians themselves may well have views and which mut be decided in agreement with em.

NOT DRAMATIC

But it is felt that It would. for example, be a bad tactical error to include Far Eastern questions among the topics for considera- tion. They are not an occasion of any direct conflict between the three powers and the Soviet Union. And the moment that sub- ject was touched upon the issue of the recognition of Communist China would impose itself to con- fuse and ieopardlu the whole operation.

So it is hoped that the main subjects for treatment.-would be those of Europe (with Germany inevitably, in the centre of the picture) and disarmament (with the question of, atomic thermo- nuclear weapona much to the fore). This is is large enough field containing many complex and difficult. problems. But it is not so large that there should be a danger of progress being im- peded by irrelevance: or by dis- sipation of thought and energy.

'So this is the plan as the three ”Weatem" Guvcs meats us it. It is not dramatic. It neither ex- pects nor seeks miracles. It does not want to attempt too much at once. It is essentially practical. The function and purpose of the top-level meeting would be to

PROFESSIO

NAL CARDS

r " - Won't Help

Usually when the tenseness is relieved. the nail-biting automat- ically stops. However. you can go about this the wrong way, which simply adds to the child's stress. Restricting the child's activity so you seem to be punishing him can just break down his self-contldence and sense of security. when you should be helping to build them

up.

Punishing. kins. nagging - these won't cure nail-biting, be- cause the habit is an unconscious one. The thing to do is to try to find out the pressure the child is under. Parents and teachers may be causing this pressure them- selves. A good example is the mother who insists her child be first in the class III grades. Mechanical guards and bad-tub ing lotions are not very helpful. as a rule. and may even boomerang. A child can get used to the taste of a drug. or his nervousness may just come out in some other form of fidgeting.

Any source of stress should be cleared up. it this can easily be found. Often. however, parents

give a much needed Impetus to ”starl the ball rolling". But the real work will have to be done by "essential preparation and orderly negotiation most likely to bring about agreements by pro- gressive stages". There can be hope but there can be no usur- ance of success. All that the three powers offer and ask for is that a "new effort" shall be made. The next word lies with the soviet leaders.

O

Page 4 The Guardian,

The Regiment of Canadian Guards now has four battalions. As individuals. many of the men is the formation have already won battle boners. being veterans. As a unit. though. thereglment still has to win its spurs. However. judging from the appearance of the Guardsmen occasionally seen around town. the regiment has al- ready won handily the battle of the blame brush and the polishing cloth. - Ottawa Citizen. T

Planning for university expansion should begin without delay. The period of grave, before urolmenta start to swell sharply is not long: in fact some institutions. Including the University. of Alberta. are be-

g to feel the pressure al- ready. Under our constitution" the primary responsibility rests with the provinces, but large-scale fi- nancial help from the federal gov- ernment will undoubted' be nec- essary. This matter deserves a place of importance on the agenda

of the Dominion-provincial con- ference next fall. - Edmonton Journal.

People like to think they l-are capable of doing 2 or three things at the same time. More often than not, none of the things get done well which leads to trouble and. sometimes. death or pct anent in- jury. What set us to thinking about that aspect of human nature was

are unable to discover the cause. and then they should not persist. but simply by to give the child the feeling of being accepted and

disappear by itself. UESTION AND ANSWER

I. D.: My sixty-year-old mother is coming home from the hospital soon. after - having virus pneu- monia. Will it still be contagious?

Answer: It is not likely that the virus pneumonia wluld still be contagious on her return home.

THE

COMPANY sseuansr,

the tluued to drive while . kill a spider lnltbe cu-,

secure, and wait for the habit to '

THE WAY l

the story from Corunn. .50",

man and his wits who nearly 10' their lives when their car tune? a tree aftu the husband had con, twins to

motorists have expu-tamed Mfg

same tempts:-m to keg -

while chu mu. been ?....f2,';'.: er elusive ob eels. llnident and safe thin: to do. of course. I; 3, pull over to the curb. get ml .1 the object and then drive on 1; we all rememberto do that ill". will be fewer dead and malmml motorists and pedestrians, Ind rlrglore dead insects. -- Detroit Free

esa.

The people's right is know 1. taking I beating in Washlngto. these days. Now Defence seen, tary Wilson. widely criticized for his seemingly rigid clamp on in, form ” . I138 appointed an of. ficlal with restrictive ideas an in, public relations man for the am. ed forces. And the United pl-9. reports that congressional com. mittees are aping the executlvg branch of the government wm more and more secret meeting. It is the public's business they are hiding. and the public has 1 right to know the complete nu. (ma - it any - for this dug. eroua bureaucratic bush-hush. - lgew York World-Telegram and

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