P.E. IsIancI Trout Fishery Problems Are Discussed
Development of the Prince Ed-
ward Island trout fishery, invol-
ving the closing of certain con- trolled ponds to fishing until July 1st, is discussed in a comprehen- sive report prepared by Dr. M, W. Smith, Fisheries Board of Canada, St. Andrews, N.B., which was released for pub- lication this week by the Depart- ment of Industry and Natural Re- sources.
Following is the full text of the report:
The waters of Prince Eo"'ard Island support good populations of brook trout. This species is indigenous to the area. The rain- bow trout has been introduced, and is establishing itself in an in- creasing number of streams. TROUT ARE ANADROMOUS
Both the native brook and the introduced rainbow trout run from
‘ Island streams into salt water.
The movements of the trout be- tween fresh and salt water pe- sent problems in production and utilization of the fish. Certain gen- eralizations with respect to the anadromous’ behavior of the brook trout can be made. The major movements between fresh and salt water occur in spring and early summer (April-June)» and again in the fall and early winter (October-January). Within these seasonal periods, time of mo‘ ements and numbers of trout involved vary from year to year. Temperature of water in the streams and estuarial , waters, change in levels of water in the streams, size, age and maturity of the fish are factors affecting the movements. Trout may move simultaneously into and out of streams. In majority, trout first run from the streams when in their third year of age." Their stay in salt water varies greatly with- in the individual, from a few days to several months. In general, the trout are moving to larger living quarters with eiuci-‘ease in size, and -—or into waters of prefer- red temperature. There is no evi- dence that the trout that run» to salt water are a separate “race.” BROOK TROUT SHORT-LIVED Data on the age composition of Island brook trout populations show that the majority of the fish are short-lived. Trout ‘over four years of age comprise less than five per cent of the trout that are of suitable angling size. Natural rather than angling mortalities largely determine this situation, Best use of the trout will be real- ized with as effective cropping as possible when the fish attain a satisfactory size to the majority of anglers. I LEVELS OF PRODUCTION The general angling success in Prince Edward Island streams a;:'l ponds indicates a high trout‘- producing capacity for the waters. Data on yields of trout to ang- lers and estimates of standing crops corroborate this view. Dur- ing recent years anglers have ta-
ken an average of 1,750 troi ‘ ' (1.5 4
per hour) annually from the El- lerslie Brook system (5 miles long). A 23-acre pond has yield- ed (1943-1954) an average per year of 3,660 trout to the anglers (37 lbs. per acre). Standing crops of trout in several ponds (as as- sessed by draining) have bben found to vary considerably, but have been at the high level of 50 to 120 pounds per acre. For comparison, the yield of trout to anglers from eight less produc--
,tive Charlotte County lakes, New ‘Brunswick, was found -to be in
average 0.6 lbs. per acre.
Studies of survival and growth with increasing densities of stock suggest that trout production is potentially higher than at present generally realized. Analyses of food supplies and their consump- tion by trout show that the food supplies are far from being fully utilized.
CONDITIONING FACTORS
1. Character of drainage. The soils of Prince Edward Island are predominantly sandy and clayey loarns. Because of the nature of the oils and their development in depth, springs and spring seep- ages are widespread. These re- sult in a good flow of cool water In most streams throughout the summer. The cool aquatic clim- ate in the streams satisfies the temperature preferences of the trout at that season. Spring drain- age" provides favourable condition for successful spawning.
2. Fertility of the waters. The drainage waters are well mineral- ized. A good part of the Island is intensively farmed. Fertiliza- tion of the soils enhances the sup- ply of plant nutrients (nit" tes, phosphates, potassium) in the drainage waters. There results a good growth of aquatic plan‘ and trout foods (immature insects, snails, etc.) in the streams and ponds.
3. Restricted fish fauna in the lrcshwaters. Because it is an is- land and because of the charac- ter of the streams, the fish fauna of Island streams is restricted to a few species. Almost entirely the stream fish fauna consists of brook trout (dominant), young Atlantic salmon (subdominant) and the introduced rainbow trout (increasing numbers). Interspeci- ‘ic competition and predation are
.‘,hus almost entirely limited to
that between these three salmon- oid species. In ponds formed on streams, eels, sticklebacks and killifish‘ . ay become cc...-mon and occasionally abundant. In the estuaries the trout of course associated with a greater num- ber of fish species.
4. Estuaries. A common feature of t1.e Island topography is the in-
Research
cover for trout -— logs and slumps undercut banks and overhanging alders and other shurbbery. Cov- er is an important favourable fac- tor in the production of brook trout.
Adverse conditions in the fresh waters for trout production.
1. Deficiency in sizable natural fresh waters. Prince Edward Is- land, because of its small size, topography and character of soils is an area of small streams. There are few natural ponds. The streams are suitable for the spawning of trout and provide favourable nurseries for young trout. However, there is a defic. iency in sizable natural fresh wa- ters to hold and grow the larg- er trout.
2. Siltation. Much silt is wash- ed into Island streams from farms When slackened flow permits, sil- tation of stream bottoms-creates unfavourable conditions for trout. Lower reaches of streams and head of estuaries are often heav- ily silted. Local heavy siltation may also arise by drainage from roadside ditches, particularly fol- lowing new road construction.
Siltation presents a major pro- blem in the maintenance of suit- able. depths for good trout pro- duction in ponds formed on streams.
3. Toxic plant sprays. Plant sprays which are toxic to fish r e extensively employed in potato culture. sporadically, wholesale destruction of trout results when poison is carelessly permitted to enter streams‘ while filling and Washing spraying apparatus and when discarding contain-rs. Less discernible, but more widespread in effect, is possible damage from poisons washed into the streams from fields and sprayed crops. Ob served poor populations of trout in seemingly suitable streams may have resulted in this man- ner.
4. Predation. Brook trout are cannibals. Predation may occur between brook trout, rainbow trout and salmon parr in the streams. The great blue heron, kingfisher and mink are serious "predators of trout. With decline in trapping of mink for fur, their numbers have become larger.
Conditions limiting utilization of front by anglers.
1. Poor accessibility of streams to anglers. Trees, alders and oth- er shrubbery make it impossible for the fly-fishermen and difficult, if not also impossible, for the bait fishermen to angle trout from long reaches of most Prince Edward Island streams. Sea-run trout, which constitute a ‘good propor- tion of'the trout of suitable ang- ling size, are most accessible to anglers at the heads of estuaries and alsong the more open sec- tions of str‘eams.- However, the
SOCCER SCORES
LONDON (Reuters)—Resu1ts of soccer matches played in the -United Kingdom today: ENGLISH LEAGUE Division I
Birmingham 2 Everton 1 Burnley 2 Blackpool 1 Chelsea 0 Sunderland 0 Man City 1 Leeds 0 Newcastle 3 Luton 2 Notts F 0 Bolton 0 Portsmouth 5 Arsenal 4 Preston 4 Leicester 1 Sheffield 1 Man United 0 Tottenham 6 Aston Villa 2 West Brom 0 Wolverhampton 3 Division 11
Bristol C 1 Sheffield U 4 Cardiff 4 Blackburn 3 T C1iar‘ton 2 Bristol R 3 Doncaster 1 Derby 2
Grirnsby 2 Barnsley 1 Huddersfield 0 Fulham 3 I-eyton Or 1 Lincoln 0
Livenpool 3 Ipswich 1 , Middlesbrough 3 Notts C" 1 Rotherham 5 Swansea 2
Stoke 1 West Ham 4
Division III Southern Bournemouth 4 Newport 3
Br ".0f0I‘d 4 Southend 2 Colchester 1 Brighton 2 Coventry 1 Plymouth 1
Crystal P 2 Exeter 0 _ Northampton 7 Millwall 2 Norwich 0 Southampton 2 Reading 0 Swindon 4 Shr-~wsbu,ry 5 Aldershot 1 Torquay '3 Queens PR 1 Walsall 3 Port Vale ,0 ” Watford 3 Gillingham 0
Division III Northern
Accrington 4 Mansfield 1 Barrow 0 Scu-nthorpe 1
Bury 4 Gateshead 1
Carlisle 1 Rochdale 0
Chester 4 Workington 3 Chesterfield 0 Bradford C 1 Halifax 2 Bradford 0 Hartlepools 1 Stocloport 2 Oldham 2, Darlington 2 Soutirport 2 Crewe Alex 0 Tranmere 4 Hull City 4
Yor City I Wrexham 2 . AMATEUR INTERNATIONAL
their return to the streams move through such areas, u.-less bar- red by obstructions, into the
more covered and less accessible upstream stretches of the streams before they can be taken by ang- lers. Natur'al montalities there ac- count for large numbers of these fish and they are thus lost to the angler.
It is to be emphasized, how- ever, that the same cover that deters angling does much to con- dition the high trout-producing capacities of the streams. Cover should be viewed as a favorable rather than an unfavourable fac- tor in the management of the Is- land trout fishery, and should not be purposely altered in any ex- tensive way. Rather it would ap- pear more practical to hold the searun trout at accessible points to make them more obtainable by the anglers.
2. Plant growths. The fertility of Prince Edward Island waters that makes basically for good trout production is not an unmix- ed blessing. Filamentous ‘algae (“scum”) and-rooted aquatic veg- etation often grow profusely in ponds formed on streams. By mid-summer these plant growths virtually prevent angling in some ponds by fouling of th fishing hooks. .» IMPROVEMENT OF FISHERY
Improvement of the Island trout fishery can be realized (A) by improving the utilization of exis- ting stocks of trout, and (B) by improving the production of young and older trout.
(A) Improvement of utilization.
1. Pond formation on streams. Pond formation is viewed as a method of making trout readily available to anglers.
The view is based on the‘ ang- ling success enjoyed in most Is- land ponds formed on streams. However, dams curtail the move- ments of trout, particularly be- tween fresh and salt water. Sea- run trout are highly regarded by anglers. ,,To-evaluate the effectiv- eness of pond formation, inform- ation of the following sorts is needed:
(I) the effects of pond forma- tion on the movements of trout between fresh and salt water;
(II) the capacity of ponds to produce trout;
(III) the yield of trout to ang- lers from ponds;
(IV) the comparative yield of trout to anglers from a stream system——stream, pond, estuary before and after pond formation.
Investigation of th Island trout fishery has provided pertinent in- formation which may be summar- ized as follows:
(Continued on page 11)
England 2 Scotland 3 SCOTTISH LEAGUE
Division I
Clyde 5 Aberdeen 1
Dundee 5 Celtic 3
East Fife 1 St. Mirren 2
Hearts 4 Raith R 1
Kilmarnock 1 Falkirk 1
_ Queen of S 1 Partick 3
Rangers 2 Mother-well 2 Thd Lanark 1 Hibernian 1 Division II Cowdenbeath 2 Alloa‘A 4 \ E Stirling 1 Arbroath 2 Hamilton 4 Ayr U 5 _ , Montrose 1 Berwick 2 Morton 3 Dundee U 2 . St. Johnstone 2 Dumbarton 8 Stenhousemuir 0 Dunfermline 2 Stirling 3 Brechin 2 Stranraer 4 Albion 0
IRISH LEAGUE
Ards 8 Glenavon 4 Coleraine 4 Linfield 3 Crusaders 2 Derry 4 Distille Bangor 3 Glentorafl 3 Ballymenia 1 Portadow-n 2 Cliftonville 1
LONDON (Reuters) -— Results of soccer matches played Mon- day night in the United King- dom: —
ENGLISH LEAGUE
Division III Northern Southiport 4 Mansfield 1 SCOTTISH LEAGUE Division I
Falkirk 1 Pantick 2 .
GLASGOW CUP FINAL (Replay Rangers s Thd Lanark 2
/
RUSHED THROUGH CUSTOMS
PERTH, Australia (Reuters)- Alfried Krupp, West German in- dustrial m a g n a t e, was rushed through customs procedure by se- curity officers on his arrival here Monday to start a controversial visit to Australia. Labor leaders and Jewish organizations have protested against the government
an entry visa.
SAVE
Good Going TUES. & WED.
I Return Fare From
$23.35
$33.40
$27.66
..JWARL ISLAND Stations
BARGAIN COACH FARES
APRIL 15 - I6
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majority of the sea~run trot’ on‘
( I) The number of trout running.
decision to grant the industrialist
I v I
I v I
Carmen Basilio, who lost his middleweight boxing crown to Sugar Ray Robinson last week,
Curling Today At Montague
7 P. M. I
East Ice: 1. G. Phillips, D. Nicholson, D. Nicholson, E. Duvar, Bud Ings vs. D. Mac- Gowan, E. Clay, A. A. Fraser, M. Poole.
West Ice: R. R. Beck, B. Mac- Gowan, F. Vuozzo, H. Coffin vs. C. S. Stewart, E. Cudmore, R. Knox. A. H. Lacey.
9 P. M.
East Ice: Dr. P. Macintyre‘; H. Clair, D. Coffin, R. MacLean vs. C. Nicholson, B. Smith, A. Robertson, M. Jamieson.
West Ice: D. Wannamaker, A. MacGregor, P. Sinclair, ‘K. Hughes vs. J. E. Cndmore, V. MacDonald, D. Acorn, B. Clair.
CURLING DRAW
The following is the draw for Tuesday night at the Charlotte- town Club:
7:00 P. M.
Ice 1: Game 28, Seagram. Sec- tion “B". Ice 2: C. MacDonald, H. Pet- ers, F. Cannon. H. MvacLean, vs. J. S. MacDonald, H. Maclnnes, B. M-acGregor, 1. Trainer. ‘Ice 3: V. P. Play-off: G. Ben- nett, J. Gor-rill, R. Carr, Roy Vessey, vs. L. Blakeney, D. Matheson, L. Walton, R. Ketch.
Ice 4: R. Parker, vs. winner (Wood vs. Turner).
8:30 P. M. (OLD SPAIN)
Ice 1: Open. '
Ice 2: Old Spain.
Ice 3: Old Spain.
Ice 4: Open.
CONTRASTING CLIMATE
The mountains of Korea are bleak an cold in winter; the southern wlanrds hot and humid in summer.
do
'n€/zanéler
BX§iIT5 INITIOSPTITAL
relaxes in hospital as he talks with Dr. Richard Chamberlain. Basilio will be kept in hospital
several days for treatmentnnd observation of a massive hemorr- hage around his left eye.
MARCH OF SCIENCE
‘ By JACK KOHELER ,
SEATTLE (AP)—-When you're taking one for the road, don’t make it tranquillizing pills, two University of Washington re- searchers advise. The effects, they say, can be just as danger- ous as operating an automobile whlie drunk.
Dr. Ted A. Loomis and Dr. T. C. West report a” standard tablet of chlorpnomazine (thora- zine) has the same effect on co- ordination and reaction as four shots of whisky.
Dr. Loomis is a professor of pharmacology at the university and Dr. West an assistant pro- fessor. They recently completed a study on the comparative seda- tive effects of a barbiturate and three widely? used tranquillizers. The study, says Loomis, arose from a previous investigation into the effect of alcohol and drivers.
BUILT APPARATUS
Loomis and co-workers de- signed and constructed an appar-
Mutual Of- Omaha
Sickness - Accident Hospital - Medical Surgical‘ Insurance
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' LAURIE 3. SMITH
Chjtown 148 Cumberland St. DIAL 5215
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3I2L[c:4»2oz’v‘0%eW46SS~"
Trcmquillizing PiIIs Impair Driving Skill
atus with controls similar to those of a standard car—steering wheel, foot brake and acellerator pedals.
The steering mechanism oper- ated a model auto as it passed over a transparent nylon belt which. on its surface, had an inch-wide strip simulating a road bed. This belt would move beneath the car, its speed con- trolled by pressure on the accel- erator pedal. A photo-electric cell emitting a direct beam of light from beneath the car accurately recorded the number of times the car was “off the road.” Miniature traffic signal lights were mounted in front of the driver, who complied according to the signal-released the accel- erator when the light was yel- low; applied the brake on red and started moving again on
By ELTON C.F FAY
WASHINGTON ( AP) The United States is going to send -rocket scouts to take a close look at the moon.
Orders for the "lunar probes" by unmanned space vehicles Wf re issued Thursday by President Ei- senhower and Defence Secretary Neil McElroy.
The decision followed by one day the publication of an offi- cial Introduction to Out” Space. This was an outline by Eisen- h0}Ner’s science advisory com- mlttee of the reasons for space exploration an and its possibilit- 195 and Problems.
In this first step to begin trans- lating into actuality some of the Dossibilitie 3 mentioned in the SU-Imnafy. the government:
Authorized the air force and army to proceed with programs for launching four and perhaps five unmanned vehicles to explore ‘»‘in the vicinity of the moon,” I distance of about 239,000 miles from earth. The navy is directed to begin preparing equipment for
green.
The driver’: reaction to shes. signals also was measured. The number of times “off the road” ,and the reaction to the signals then were used in the final cal- culations.
For the study, Loomis selected eight volunteer graduali stu- dents. They were trained on the apparatus until all were able to operate it with a minimum of errors and until their individual driving ability was known. GAVE DRUGS
Then they were given the drugs, with an interval of one week between each test. One test also was made while the subjects were under “the in- fluence?’ of harmless cornstaurc pills. ‘
“Our study showed that chlor- promazine reduces the driving ability by about one-fourth,” said Loomis. He said the impairment was le ss, but still signifi- cant, from a commonly pre- scribed tranquillizer meprobam- ate (equanil or miltmwn).
Loomis mid he used the bar- biturate s-ecobarbital in the study because it is a standard drug known to produce function im- pairment. The study showed that a standard dose of secorbarbtial resulted in impairment equal to that caused by amounts of alco- hol considered as intoxicating, he said.
The doctor said only phenagly- codol (ultran) did not produce a significantly different effect from tlifit produced by the cornstarch p .
“Our study indicates there should be a restriction on usage of tranquillizers by persons who find themselves in situations where decreased co-ordination could be dangerous,” Loomis said. “This includes driving any veleicle, piloting an aircraft'or operating many types of ma- chinery.” ' '
....
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Tues. April 1. 1953
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The Guardian Page 9
.7 _._...__.__.___.._..___
the vehicles, which will send back an account of what is on the moon —— probably including the st1ll—unknown far side.
MORE SATELLITES
Told the anmy to launch two and Possibly three more Explorer satellites.
Provided an “initial allocation” Of about $3,000,000 to start work on the over-all program.
Neither the White House nor de- fence department would specu- late on when the first moon shoot would be made. However, some important parts of the equipment needed already exist.
The official announcement said the army will use modified Jup- iter-C rockets and the air force "a Thor-Vanguard system with: third stage to be developed.”
There is this basic require- ment for 1 flight to the moon: A speed of 25,000 miles an hour must be achieved to escape the pull of curb’: gravity. Satellites
Plastic Tubing
Eisenhower Orders ohm Scouts Sent To Moon
require 18,000 miles an hour to
provide centrifugal force suf. ficient to balance out gravity in circling the earth. «
MAY HIT MOON
The Jupiter-C rocket used for the army’s Exrplorer satellite launchings develops an initial thrust of only about 83,000 pounds from the engine designed for .he 200-mile range redstone ballistic missile. It seemed probable that
mo” ‘ick would have to be pro- ‘
vided in any “modified” Jupiter- C device for firing a compara- tively heavy vehicle toward the moon.
While the project was de- scribed officially as designed to determine capability of. exploring space “in the vicinity” of the moon, a spokesman said it is pos- sible that one of the vehicles might land on the moon. I-Io left the impression this would be u- cidental.
Promises
,
New Era In The Sugar Bush 0‘ A
LENNOXVILLE. Quit. (CP)—A web of plastic tubing threatens to draw off most of the color from the snow sugar maple bush-and Out the labor. /
The tubing, strung direct from trees to boiling pots, in being in- stalled this year by farmer Gor- don Herring in this maple syrup- rich district of the Eastern Town- ships.
Farmers familiar with the sys- tem say it cuts labor costs 50 per Centg .b005t8 Sap production in quality and quantity, increases cleanliness, reduces spilling and provides a way of tapping maple sugar trees in rough terrain,
Replace the old wood-fired boll. ing-off stove with an oil stove and
Shamrock I \ Calls Satellite-I
WASHINGTON (AP) — Mon- day being Saint Patrick's day, Representative William Bates (Rep.-Mass.) had a name for the new U.S. satellite: '
“Shamrock I."
But the sobersides navy says “Vanguard I" because the baby moon is the first in that project.
And International Geophysical Year officials call it “Beta-1958” after the second letter of the Greek alphabet. The army's Ex- plorer, first US. satellite up, is “Alpha” to the IGY.
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that isn't a great deal’ hit of the sugar-making process. » Plastic had nlmeady made 95: entry into the industry. replacing buckets and cans in the form of bags clung over thrnap spouts. Now, some companies are pro- ducing hits of the tubes. Pressure of rising cap is suffi- cient to force it along a network of tubes directly from the tree to the boiling pot. Gravity helps. On a big operation individual taps, hammered into the tree trunk, drain quarter-inch lines, which in turn are coupled to branch lines and in turn to one- inch mains which carry the pure sap to the sugar house. At fiull production the manis may be carrying the flow of 750 to 1.000 trees..
This Week‘: .
Skating Program
MONDAY Skate—4 to 5:30 ’ Skate—8-10
TUESDAY P.E.I. Hospital Skate Recce Band—-8 to 10
WEDNESDAY Pre-School Skate 1:3-0 to 3 Skate 4 to 5:30 Juvenile Hockey 8:00 p.m_... Adm. 50c and 250.
THURSDAY ‘Skate 8 to 10
SATURDAY Skating 2:30 to 4:15 Physical Fitness Minor Hockey
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Meriis CHINO DRILL TAN PANTS $4.95
BOYS‘ ALL WOOL FLANNEL BLAZERS.
REG. $12.95
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SPORT
BOYS’ IVY LEAGUE JEANS, GREY STRIPED .. . . $3.75
COATS
FINE ALL WOOL rwnnns NEW LIGHT SHADES FOR SPRIN SMART NEW STYLES ' REGULAR PRICES $29.50)
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- saltwater estuaries running
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land at the mouths of freshwater Streams. Brook and rainbow trout run from the streams into the es- (uaries. As guaged from recap- tunes of tagged individuals, most Sea-run brook trout do not leave,
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able habit units for the produc- ~ - C-N-1‘ AGENT « tion of large numbers of trout. TODAY
MAY 13-14 ?
5. Stream cover. A majority Of the small streams provided Rood