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0L 1' THE ANTI-REFORM LAMENTATION.

HARE. what a PEAL ofwo is heard Throughout the British nation ! Reform's the war-cry that has stirr'd

This wond‘rous tribulation.

NOBTBUMBERLAND pours forth his grief, And Wrchow vents his sorrow

To CnmnEnLAND‘s illustrious chief, As whiskered as Suwarrow.

The sapient GLo'ern wipes his eyes. Whilst FALMon'rn‘s tears bedew him; But wily turn-coat LYNDIIURS'I‘ tries To get the king to woo him.

The tears of MANSFIELD fall apace, NEWCASTLIleinl in sobbing,

And WELLINGTON mourns loss of place.

' \Vith all its pension-jobbingo

CARNAIWON weeps. looks pale and blue At Lonoonnnnru's railing;

And ExE'rEn harangues the crew Till every one is ailing.

Then Bncxtnonam his borough moans, Till Ellenborough's fainting;

And gouty WINFORD sighs and groans— Oh, what a scene for painting!

Here Wmcnnuaa and RUTLAND weep, There Hannownr is pining;

Whilst Wnanncmrsn sobs and others sleep Mid pious Brsnoe‘s whining.

To all such blind and wilful foois, Who talk of a re-action,

Let Encnann's sons prove they’re not tools 0f dirty party faction;

But ready to uphold the away or Hones-r LEGISLATION,

Espoused by Bnoncnam and Earl GREY, For BRITAIN'S Rnronmanon.

SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.

It has been ascertained, that when an hydrometer is employed there are three physical effects, the degrees of which are not proportionate to their apparent causes, and which are united in one effect, the difl'erent sinking of the hydrometer.

-1. .It will not always sink in liquors of diflerent densities, proportionabl y to these densities on account of the changes of its own bulk by heat, and the possi- ble irregularities ofits branch.

2, It will not sink in proportion to the changes of temperature of the fluid, because the changes of density in the latter do not follow the same law as the changes of temperature.

3. It Will not sins in the inverse ratio of the quan- tities of water, because the specific gravity of the fluid. does not follow the proportion of these quantities. It has an increasing progression,and here the intermediate cause of this disproportion, which is evident, may give you an idea of what talées place in nature, and hinders

CHARLOTTE-TOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, SATURDAY, AUGUST 18, 1832.

physical efl'ects from appearing proportional to their causes.

The spirits and the water'penetrate each other. i. e. The bulk of the mixture is somewhat less than the sum of the two bulks bffore the mixture, and thus the specific gravity, which is the weight under a certain bulk, in- creases but little in the mixture, comparatively with the mean specific gravity of the component parts.

In order, therefore, to have equal degrees in the by- drometer, without sensible error in the spirituosity that it is intended to measure. you must fix these degrees by the comparison of effects observed within the limits of the common observations. For, as to the joint effects in nature, if you cannot fix all their relations, degree by degree. by immediate and sure observation, you must avoid deducti'rjg general rules from relations taken in the extremes. he action of causes. as well moral as physical. whether from the variety of subjects on which they act, or from secondary causes, which escape our notice, is too complicated for the observable modifications to increase in the exact proportion of the evident causes, and consequently for the joint effects to be proportionate between themselves. If the joint efl'ects be proportonate, there will be little lost in not taking distant points of com- parison, provided they be taken exactly. Ifthesejoint effects be proportionate, there will be much gain; and the less proportionate they are, the greater is the gain.

We are obliged to take up with probability in nature, in so many respects. that it is, perhaps, of more impor- tance to us to investigate the physical rules of probabi- lity, than to attend to its mathematical rules or by othesis.

The specific gravity of water and any other fluid, may be compared together by the following process: W'eigh very accurately, an ounce, or other weight of distilled water, in acylindrical glass vial, and mark precisely the space occupied by it; then pour in any other fluid, till it fill exactly the same space with the water. and weighing it, you will know the weight of equal. magni- tudes. of the water and other fluid, and their specific gravities.

Exactly on this principle is Mr. Knight's hydrometer. The magnitude of a body, however irregular, may be found by immersing it in a cylindrical vessel of water, and marking how far the fluid rises, for the space con- tained between the surfaces of the water, before and after the immersion of the body, is equal to its magni- tude; and this together with its weight, being known, its specific gravity is also known. ~

The capacity of any irregular vessel may be known by fillingit with water; for the water being weighed, its magnitude, or the number of cubical inches contained in it will be found.

In examining tables of specific gravities. there are some uncertainties to be noticed; for substances of the same kind, though denominated by the same name, may not be precisely similar, and some small errors may,perhaps, he inevitable in physical experiments; but they will be inconsiderable, if the scales be nicely adjusted and the experiment cautiously conducted. so that the body weighed may not touch the bottom or sides of the vessel. nor rise above the surface of the fluid, and the bubbles of air that adhere to it be care- ully removed. There is another cause of uncertainty; as all bodies are dilated by beat,and contracted by cold, the dimensions of the same body, and consequently its specific gravity, will be different, according to the dif- erent temperatures of the circumambient air: hence thethermometer should always accompany and be used with an hydrometer, The expansion of different fluids is diflerentirt the same changes of the temperature of the air; and, it appears from observation, that sub- stances not fluid are also, in some circumstances, dif- ferent] dilated; but the weight of given magnitudes, both onfluid and firm bodies, being diminished by heat and increased by cold, the variation of their specific gravities is less than if the dimensions of one of them only had been variable,

£0. 3

COMMUNICATION. NEW MECHANICO LEGAL INVENTION. To the Editor of the British American- SIR,

Ibeg leave to submit to you a curious Mechanical discovery, which was invented and completed after great pains and trouble, and intended more immediate- ly for the use and benefit of the Mother Country ; and as it may turn out to be of great service to the Public residing in his Majesty’s British Colonies, I trust that you will not charge me advertisement duty. It is now fully admitted, as it has been laid down lately by the highest authorities, that the great use of a Judge is to get through business and to decide—if right, well—but at any rate to decide. This being the m0st approved modern rule, I have lately turned my attention to the invention of a machine, which, while it places me, as I flatter myself, above all other inventors of mechanical wonders, (and which, I assure you, had far greater weight with me, as, in fact, is evidenced by my very low charges) will benefit mankind to the latest period of its existence.

Not to keep you longer in suspense, my invention (for which I obtained a patent) is nothing less than a new mode ofdispensing the great system ofjustice, by means of Mechanical, self-acting, self-adjusting.

automaton Judges. They show, Sir, the high pitch to n

which machinery has arrived in the Mother Country ; and when I have mentioned some of their merits, I trust that you will, at least, give me an order for one as your sub-editor. I warrant them. Sir, to get through business with the most extraordinary despatch. They will answer for all COurts, equity as well as common law; but on this Island where suits in Chancery at. present are somewhat limited, I should particularly re- commend the common law ones, and as it is intended by and bye. to go the Circuit, there will be no necessity for additional Judges. They are made in the semblance ofthe living reality. A silken robe flows gracefully over their beautiful proportions; and their wigs, snowy as the top of Chimborazo, are perfect models of their kind, Suppose, 511', there is an arrear of business. for instanceftwo hundred causes; you take your patent

common law Judge; you clap some thirtNuses. or I I

what not, in the paper for the day : you lift up yonrpa- tent common law Judges leg, and you wind him up. It will clear its paper in six hours without difficulty ; eve- ry now and then it will smile and nod. To be sureit can- not hear or understand a great deal; but then, Sir. it decides slap-dash without hesitation. Then you may depend upon it, and that, as you know, is the point. Ifit lifts up its right hand, it decides for the plaintifl; ifthe left hand, for the defendant; and it has a pecu- liar and extra movement (for which a slight additional charge is made), for deciding on costs. It has no how- els. but then a Judge should not have any; and it is so arranged, that no earthly person, not even the inventor, can tell wether it will hold up its right hand or its left. This adds greatly to the interest, and keeps every body in suspense; being just as fair for one party as the other. But the great triumph of the machine remains to be told. It is this Sir :—We all know how long and

tedious the speeches of some counsels are, particuIarly .'

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