a.

.41; ~ '

PAGE TWO

THE 15o UCA TIONAL HORIZON

-—A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE~

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING HWPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

THANKS TO THE GOVERNMENT

Teachertlbders- Wen-recon‘ thsted tam plays a. part of paramount import- ance in fitting our young men and 0 women for the tremendous tasks

Although the ion is far from satisfied with the filian of salary increases adopted by

e Government, we are grateful that at last we have received some practical recognition. We have at least gained one important point. ‘Iue principle of a. sliding sca.le has been adopted. -

The fundamental weakness of the Government's plan is that it does not, by any means, provide a liv- ing wage for teachers. It offers little inducement for teachers of ling experience to remain in the pl-ofes ion, and will have little at- traction for our ambitious young students to adopt teaching as a life work.

lhere are also several minor weaknesses, such as; Superior Tficaching Licenses. and the fact tllat no cost-of-living bonus is pro- vided for teachers already in the profession, till they have complet- ed three year's service. We do not intend to discuss these here, they will be dealt with fully at the coining convention. The 00in" we wish to make is that these vlould have been avoided if the plan pro- posed by the Teachers‘ Federation lmd been accepted by the Govern- nlent.

WHAT A BOY OF SIXTEEN IS EXPECTED TO KNOW

20. How to handle properly the saw, plane, and hammer.

21. The basic lavls of form and color, so as to know what harmony

i. How f0 write a fair businels letter.

2. How to write a social letter.

3. How to spell all (lie words ‘he kllous how to use.‘ that is, orrlill- ary every-day Ellglbll.

4. How to add a column of i180"! rapidly and accurately.

5. How to make out an ordinary account.

6. How to deduct B per cent, or l0 ~:r cent, or 12 1-2 per cent. or l6 2-3 per cent from the face of it.

7. How to receipt it when paid.

8. f-low to write an ordinary re-

oeipt.

9. How to write an ordinary pro- missory note.

10. How to reckon the interest m‘ discount on it. I

ll. How to draw an ordinary bank cheque.

12. f-Iow to cash it at the bank and make e. bank deposit.

l3. How to make neat and cor- rect, entries in a day book or other simple record of business transac- tions.

14. The chief cities and products of the main countries of the world.

l5. The chief rail and water youteg of his provinces and of Ca- nada; also connections with other British points and with the United States.

16. The duties and powers of the chief public officials and the man- ner of choosing them.

17, The properties of the common plants, woods, minerals, and chem-

al

s.

l8. The daily application; of the laws of physics, mechanics and chemistry.

l9. How to raise the common vefl- b

otablcs and flowers.

LANGUAGE

eases lti f llf . Insert the word that expr necellgs aerial?” die“: The 1n the more unprod

fe t f vwrkmansh it? Iblmy. capacit new allow-

tllc exact meaning in cad: of the following sentences:

1. address, spllcdl. talk: Last night a large audience heard. Dr. ‘Diomas A. Horndalvs interesting and instructive ..........0n the American Indian.

2. addition, edition: Everyone was eager to hear him because his late book on that subject has been so popular that the third is already sold.

3. admittance, admission: The price of..........--.-Wfl8 $1170. 17110 every seat was filled.

4. accord, give, grant: Dr. Hom- dale began by - - . . . . Hing a brief survey oi the condition of the In- dian at the coming of the white man.

5. affect, effect: He claimed that the Indian has always been......ed uniavourably by civilization.

(Laggravate, irritate, exasperate: Although Indian life was by n means ideal, his ills were . . - - by contact with the whites.

7. admittance, admission: Flor the preservation of their race, they should have put up a "No sign" on every coast.

8. ability, capacity: ‘They had the . . . . . . ..to receive social train- ing- and eventually, no doubt, would have developed . . . . . . . . .. in many lines.

9. access, excess: This develop- ment was delayed because of their

such 1

_ _ _ _ _ _ __ an o wild animal and plant life for thef VOCABULARY EXERCISE

Read each of the followiniflY (d) 1*

phrases and place in the 111114114005 the letter corresponding to that o1 whichever of the four vlords (or

lrases) 0on0: nearest the moun- li, of the italicized word u. the selected phrase.

i L C nflrm the rumour-(s) dis- o absorbed (c) wearied (d) perplexed ). l3. The basic idea. (a) under-

te (b erify (c) announce (d) if... url)de¥ consideration ( ). 2.

inordinately modestF-(a) excess- 1y

of what happens. (a) (1006-1100 l0‘ count. (b) summary (0)

their collaboration. (b) companionship (c) world

16. Might cone vably allow. (a) un- intentionally (b) cleverly (c) lml inably (d) accidentally ). i They eflflct flawless work. (a) in- fluence (b) produce (c) of (d) aspire to (

tentlal nobility. (a) impassi le (d) pos- 19. Plumb the depths. (a) test or sound (b) pum (c) wade through (d) go

fvely (b) pitifully (c) artificially 01> irritatlngiy. a. Legendal’! ileum (a) true (b) heroic (c) awry (d) remarkable ( ). 4- BY l- @1119"! coincidence. (a) happening (b) mistake (c) collision (d) previously made plan ( ). 5. Succumb to the lure. (a) appeal (b) yield (o) fight back (u) apoloalze ( l- 0- An amicable person. (a) 80001111 (b) religious (c) qulox-temperfll (d) lovable ( ). l. A rare fest. (a) banquet (b) achievement (c) pedal extremity (d) journey ( ). 8. A reappraisal of the issue (a) recon- sidering (b) re-upholstering (c) re- jecting (a) regursltatlna ( l- 9- Ardently enthusiastic.

(a) t. somely (b) laboriously (c) intense-f

CANADA AS A PRODUCER MINERA

can be drawn between minerals that are essential for war and those that arc not. However. there several minerals, without ample supply a nation cannot hope to defend itself successfully. These minerals are y classed as essential minerals, althougr. they are. in real fry indispensable war minerals; they are not, however, limited to those 7mm which armaments and muni- tfona are actuality made. Tungsten, Health. for example, is used only

Mines and minerals have come into greater rominence than ever since 1939. is is due to the fact that the present war is being waged with planes, tanks. motorized trucks, gliders, submarines. etc in numbers that are almost ‘ l. Consequently there is a close in- telrelation between a nation's war effort and operations and its in- dustrial development. All minerals are being used. some more liian others. As a result no definite line

backbone of the whole educational system. Therefore, the , _ F-edemmm is prepared to 118m u“- and other munitions. large quanti- remittingly for an adequate living tier. o! llnc are used 1n salvaulllrls and in paints. and copper is widely ern Canada

we wank the Government; mem. used for electrical and communica- greatest reserves of the bers on both sides of the House. for i100 equipment as well as for sheil- fuels. coal. petroleum, natural the interest they have sllolvn education, and we

wage for the teachers.

Aluminium is used in the bui

s. 22. How to rend and sing simple

such games of contest and teani- football, baseball

24. The history of his own country 191"". and her great men and women. 2;, A number o; good book; m_ air would cease at once. and the eluding the Bible.

ants produced Iron.

lands as well a5 his own.

1. The production at cost of those minerals that are es- sential for the armaments, munitions, and other 0d ill $118 newspapers. B-Ild b00110 war supplies, as well as for normal opinion as reflected not only in ¢lv11needs_ the Journals, but at

30. How to work hard and faith- fully, to give more than he receives, and to make use of his environment and every opportunity for his own advancement and the welfare of

eig gold

Of course. they an not all learn- They are ‘earned whilst the boy is living at- liome, in the schoolroom, on the street, on the farm, with his playmajss; in short, wherever the boy happens to e.

--'I‘he Manitoba Teacher

The importance o! mining Canada's economy may be ap- meggls gugh as prwlated lrwn the lact- thet It new selerlum, and .e lurium, Can. is now possessed with two large copper re-

12. accept, except, advise, advice: When the white man first came to America. he was g1 lo the lndian's . . . . . . .. foods

13. addition, odftionr He 500ml to think that the Indian should be happy to receive an . ~- population of his country.

14, aggravate, irritate, 88MB"- minor annoyances d both sides quite of-

the Indians were suchan extent

ad . . . . - < . . . . about crops and

f b f .d in two of i flair?‘ pifyeslcalogllvisions, the Can- Peru—3'7.l54, Spain and P011118 adian Shield and the Cordillera. The Canadian Shield

CURRENT AFFAIRS

ciate Minister of National Defence National Defence

ten. 15. Many li.1.'£'u'.'.,"i;ég.... their barbarous

15. accord, give. {Palm A5 whites became stronger lmd b08011 to dominate the country. th the Indians certain lands

l7. address, speech. 1311i

was made before the Indian to win their consent to the arrange-

18. access, excess: Of course. there be an ...... ..of 200d ds for all, the whites

rrzued. _ , . 1a. accept, except.‘ lvlajiv P-rffl in

tent feature. (a) FY0159‘ worthy (b) undependable (c) hm’- monious. (d) discordant l a woman's Ell-11- erlng. (a) increaslngl ably (c) for l-ho m0!

r‘

$3! U‘

[OSF ESSENTIAL WAR

tlvely small Tglantities, chiefly u: yields -oopper. gold, iron, nickel. making the n h speed

necessary for high efficiency msas- chro production machining operations in dum, talc, felspar. .unition factories.

essential than e Manganese re-

tool steel silver,

The Cordillera in British Colum- l-nd the nlakfl. bla and Yukon is rich in lodea of chromium, cobalt, and Molybdenum gold, silver, lead, sine, grid copper, , used in small proportions, has onkensivs deposits of give strength, toughness, hardness, otner minerals,

resistance to shock, endurance, or other properties to the many steels Marti used in war machines.

The Appalachian Highland of the

111g cnalworrarowu GUARDIAN

Nova Scotia, Hon. A.5. Macmil-

n.

New Brunswick. Hon. 3.3. Mo- Nair.

Queboc, Hon. Adelard Codbout Ontario. Hon. Mitchell Hepburn. Mlnltbbl. Hon. John Bracken. logaskautheuau, Hon. J.W. Patter. Alberta, nob. Wlllhm Abel-hart. Hglitfsb Columbia. Hon. John

UNITED STATES CABINET Rsoseve“. of U.S.A., Irranklfn l). Vice-President, Henry Agsrd wql.

tlnum, cobalt, sine. radium, m”, um, graphite, mica, .0011!!!"

Secretary of State. Cordell Bull. Secretary of ‘Proasury, Hem-y

lpal

infng centres are: Sudbury, Nor- Moreen . Iron still holds its position as anda, Porcupine, Kirkland m“ which “w”. them m me 343mm, chief war metal but is no more and Flln Flori struggle which faces the democrat- , lc world to-day, and for the rlccon- (rum lu steel. struction of the post war period.

It is essential that we provide that ry possible educational opportunity which it is within our power to give them. ‘Ilie cost does not matter. Good teachers are

secretary of War. Henry 1.. sum.

son. dlAtwrney-Gcneral, Ilrancfs Bid- e.

""10"" - 001ml. Prank

coal and Walker

of Navy. Prank Knox

$001101"? of Agriculture, clause

Copper and zinc are essential for coal, has yielded gypsum, salt, iron R. Wickard.

Temheys- the making of brass cartridge-cases gold, mangane

in hands .

(Areas surrounding St. John, N. B.

2. The creation of essential for- western Queue." with the prlln plon n credits by the production of vmd Shel-nu, Qorqpn properties 1n Why hasn't the development of In- and silver and other minerals ‘vqstern Mnniwbn surplus to national needs, for ex- line Pass, and extendln port sale to neutral countries.

CANADNS MINING AREAS

ranks second amonglthe great basic industries. The est mated output, g1 l t, c valued at over $437,000,000 in 1939, Her es a upper was the highest on record, yielding mm produged 335,625 tons whfc. first place only to agriculture. The repmwnmn 13,4 p, Dominion II0W 0000018! I lofldllll output. and ranked the Dominion position among world mineral pro- a; the third largest producer. duners --fn 1938, ranking first in nickel, asbestos, and platinum; seo- Canada by Provinces. Quebec ""7; sew

ond in radium, third in gold, silver, 512592;‘)?_(;g§%g%3%8£28.g2kl_..3551? which condemns twmtmrds bu

copper’ “m; “d mum‘ in 1e“ lf.133.l49. and British Columbia

These are produced mainly for ex- port. In addition, Canada produces 72,530,552 lbs. large quantities of coal gypsum and _ petroleum, and many other min- duction of copper ls. erThe attainment of such promin- ence in the mineral field is evid- ence of the wealth of the Domiri- l!!! 901101110! 0' u" fan's minerali resourftegs, and atll 3r 821 e .

gulggtggtigln (girogfuctioxrgisenmtytzallg Ngrthern Rhodesia -250.877 tons. t0 comes from ore deposits that have Belgian 001180-131-955 100$- 5000" and "5 l‘ T951100! clllllllllbil» M111 ooh- ts —30.000 tons, Mexico -4l.lll0 tons. ""5100. developed a Moslem com- al— mlllllly to some 80,000,000. Between

them and the 282,000,000 Hindus

there is constant friction.

Canada given seat on New Pa- cific Council. On March 30, Pres- ident Roosevelt announced that f Canada was given a seat on the new Pacific war council of the United Nations. representing sev- en countries fighting Japan on the wide Pacific. The council will be concerned with “matters of policy relating its our joirblet war fffgrtvalrég will be n ima con ac a similar body in London". The‘I'lt3W""".l'I0n:'J0s€pl'i"F. Tilorson, Minister as larBf? as France. The remainder Council will consist of representa- tives of Canada, Australia. New Zealand, Britain, the United States. China, and the Netherlands with headquarters at Washington. Can-

'ada's Minister to U.S.A. will repre- sent Canada.

‘flre council. established mainly at the insistence of Australia and New Zealand. will consist of maln- tainfng direct contact among gov- , ernments concerned in the Pacific struggle and will not be charged with the direction of the day to do! military operations which will con- d tlnue to be operated by the com- bined chiefs of staff committee in Washington,

Canada's attempt at unification of fighting services. The Canadian Government has placed the three services on the Atlantic and Ps- ciflc coasts and in Newfoundland each under a single commander- in-chtef. instead of under their own senior officers. acting inde- ), pendently, but. ln consultation.

Mat-Gen. WHP. Elklns has been named Commander-in-Chief of the East or Atlantic Coast; Maj-Gen. R0. Alexander, Commander-in- Chfef of the West Coast: and Maj.- Gen. L.Il'. Page has been named Commander-in-Chief of the - New- foundland defences.

MIMBEIS OI‘ TIII SBTEIZNTII

DOMINION MINISTRY Itt. Hon. Wfl... Mackensio King,

Prime Minister. President of the Privy Council, Secretary of State for External Affairs.

Hon. Thomas Alexander Orersr,

Minister of Mines and Resources.

Hon. Lewis 8t. Laurent, Minister

of Justice and Attorney General of Canada

Hon. Pierre Joseph Arthur Car-

din. K.C., Minister of Public Works

and ‘transport.

Hon. James Layton Balaton,

Minister of’ National Defence. Hon. Ian Alistair MacKenale,

Hnister of Pensions and National

Hon. Charka Gavan Power, Asso-

, antimony, petro- Secrets f c leum, and natuireali gas, asbestos. sec Ty o 0mm" The Great In er or Plain of West- reta or Lab contains Canada's kins. w our’ Franck Per‘

J 01195 .

and bituminous sands, in addlt on [-0011 "m1 50110-0"? HIE 6550111101 to deposits of such industrial min- that when they have fully review-d for the making o! 110116116 for Small erals as salt, gypsum, sodium, sui- the question and have become con- arms and shrapnel, and lead for the phat, and refractory clay.

5610115 of the urgent need of a iiv- storage batteries. ing wage for teachers. both to meet as the needs of this present emergen- mg of aircraft, cy, and to place teaching on a per- manent basis for the future, they pl ssess an abundance of the ele- will readily accept our proposals.

id- sentially and Magnesium manufacturing area, yields metallic minerals of great industrial value, including salt, gypsum, petro- mfrralit. aréd it is tliet belief tihatnlfio- leum, and natural gas. on overnmen

1- n- MwnoNAr-u. m. deposits) u auhfillfg fin»? once for the same purpose.

Platinum is valuable for elec- l-P-clll 00010401 Points and as a in Canada are cobalt, co catalyser in the production of sul- iron, lead, nickel, pnuvrlci and for the manufacture of platinum group. radium, silver and cxplos ve.

sential, the latter

importance for the making of

detonators for explosive. Coal is considered as the

CANADA'S CHIEF MINERALS Tile metals of chief importance

and dell. are making 45.000

being o‘ special production are“ em 60.000 different articles needed b

. Cobalt. For almost two de- caries prior to 1925, the major por- _ most tion of the world supply of cobalt lglijlfiglglltulllgn-cldllféflllljlc war mineral‘ was derived igoitnb thenorebodies of _ Q k, wl mg n; la 5 1'5 0 Y 0 11S Bill/ll the Cobaltd rc,w ch were dis- 8 H w a m‘ D y fuel. Petroleum is extremely fm- covered in 1903, and carry silver W; iwrlanl. Were it not for the lubrlc- cobalt, nickel, bismuth and arsenic. crude petro- But following 1925 large deposits of Present- melllllllllzed 0P0"- cobalt-bearlng ores were discovered trons on land and sea and in the in Africa. in the Belgian Conga, c _ _ Northern Rhodesia. and sipporting industrial machine could Morocco, consequently we 26. Something of the great wrft- 0°‘ mmtmn- 0th" "°"'m°‘01110 ductlon has increased while ers. speakers, inventors, discoterera. mlllflllls uflllflllv 0105800 ll! 6850110181 ada's has decreased, since 1925. In and leaders of the world, other for war are sulphur, mica. asbestos. 1939 Canada produced fluvrspar. Bfflphite potash. mag- at a value of $1,131,599 2'7. How to care for his own body 1105118. Pyrite, phosphate and iodine, and to preserve a good physical ap- limestone and silicates The contributions that 28. How to meet all persons with made by a nation's mining reasonable courtesy, the weak and to its war effort are of two kind. unfortunate with consideration, the strong and successful with dignity, and women with h 29. The current events as record-

Dercent of her own military meal. gélsslglilllllcllegfiaglégngigiaet; o1 machine rifle calibre up ti. c-lnéngillgsvitgg? §§P3if°m "m" the s" and ammunltlons for them, EXPOTB a considerable

Shipbuilding and aircraft construe. £19" 15 00W taking place u. India. ~10 Produces a third of the world's the

"@0011 Production is zauoooooo rld pro- year while Canada's’ is 11.000000 All Jl ons ’

' Moslem He!‘ Popul ti '1, 21c, ma; o? ,,‘{§,,‘_’§_§§,_°°,3g,,9° m‘: "7 M00100! l-flluc- He once work-

’ _2. Copper. From 189B to 1929 Brit- $8 can he glfilargbiapwtaértgieellcading copp.r 000,000 strong; yet. her army ‘m And’

FEF-SQIlB-llle Mine, and the Britannia and Hid- den Creclr Mines along the coast. T005). and she produces onl

manufacture of Shortly after the War 1., large de- a million tons of steel. U.SA velopments were carried out in con-

and a very large expans on at the nickel-copper properties of sudbury. ffect of these developments

has been the tremendous increase in 1n copper and nickel as well as latinum, palladium.

ern countries as U.S.A., Canada, and England. Here are some of the reasons. First India is predomln. ently agricultural. Three-quarters

farms of which half are 195.3 than

Montreal East, Que. In 1938 Can’;

World Production — World gala)‘; advaiiroemenlt. does not exist. There

was es m are n Inda 40,000,000 U‘ (m.

at 2,020,000 long tons (2240 lb) in gbllest, .1... 10,...“ m, o, ,h§§}‘_.,d,, ‘"0 0000100 e

soc Copper Production of the Lead-

C dl 34.307 tons. ma an (To Be continued)

representing one- uarter Hon. James Iprimer Ilsley, Min- population, is divi ed into 562 near respect

ce. Enoll Michaud, Min- ister of Fisheries.

Minister of l‘ -ricu'ture. of National War Services.

of Trade and Commerce. Hon. Norman McLarty, Secretary 013101131 011d P1090113’ 01101 lclltlolls tate

Y to death). member of the Administra- ilon and Minister without Portfcl- changes c.

P. Y7. I. RBP"EQI<TNTATIVES IN SENATE

i. Jolhn A. McDonald. Cardigan. 2. John E. Sinclair, Iknerald.

3. Creelman MacArthur, Summer- e

on -- D.

MEMBERS 0F T"! TWENTY- nnsr MINISTRY or r. s. r. Qmikllyl“ ‘m’ 1mm" '0‘ advise

Hon. ‘Iliane A. Cam Provincial Secretary- tomey and Advocate

Hon. l-Icraoe Wright, . of the Executive Council.

Hon. James McIntyre. lflnister of llfam H. Dennis. Minister

cGu later oi’ Education an H alth

Hon. Marin

without Portfolio Cox, Minister with-

ld McKInnOII, Mini!-

PBOVINOIAL PREMIERE mm“ mwud "h" m“ dies with the word of perfect faith m...» s. Clmpbol. ' "I 0*