PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OI‘ INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

A-

THE EDUCATIONAL HORIZON A

-A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE-

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

1111s column is conducjcd by the Prince Edward Island Teachers ration committee in charge: Ralph Macliean. Zliplia Linkietfer

and Harold Lawton. We welcome ‘harangues the Indians» may are hich should be addressed to H. Lawton. Charlottetown.

“m” Magflndyen, Dan MacDonald. WpuIbUlIOIIS iv

ENGLAND HATH

l r="s?..:r.r.: liiillllty 00f u“; great black pail of q ~lilch covered us in the dis- 32‘: .1‘.\.1d decade of our centuiiy‘. “'i‘.‘.i“i.‘l“..i‘.f‘.?.uiil‘i§§'m...“ ‘mmogilexities Werel dresfllllfl . nillll’ “cw truths rgvelil-im oxixdall? "vr.:::.’.§i"“° - l

sious '

“l.- “l?! or". ‘i225 ‘Z’.f§‘°i‘.§€‘l; r P . . the enemy’! Como. lo I110" will‘:

m v; much thaht wllasiapntirm

"Y “mm” “I'd P“ eirm c Kilt i to L m‘ “war pPLcyIttI gggcessislllly 1ll“'°”"“d “by uayin Ethic lu- .. "outed the Leagl e m shah; 11y the tolzllltnr an gage D

' take? but); lwlhy Chamber- . r1 stalled a llllc -

* "l" il£“'...'l?ll.“l'li r: lsuccess ' _ .' 5p“? of lliueii IiflI{l-Il1Ig‘l"ItI;€d gal;- l m“ and much p“ 821?“ W rie cc m, was based upon s expe n

_ the Great war. thatlyoiiu 0:11 Wuymcenemy in the ar o y y big swarm of later models. And ‘ Britain has them. i

And we know that wishxful th nk- m; is tile cncmys best al y. France 'l-|opeilllly believed that Germarfi l yould not again affront 21¢ ‘Valli’

‘ by invading Belgium. To ay e urginot Line is the monument to her folly. Rilmania adds one more Miro gIOWHIg list of states which hoped, by "correct neutrality, to remain invlolate_

We know, too. that the human my c1 Britain draws omethln ‘ out of its ancient atone towers an succulents. its green hill-l. it!

'1 mists. its illogical constitution- ll monarchy and its brawling sea- raves. which is not reconcllablo [lih surrender or slavery. The Ap-

ssement Policy. however we may udge it intellectually was a. true ind loral attempt to give effect to the belief oi that gentle. slow-hat- ing people that war is the most lmiilll way to settle any argument. we say too glibly that the Appease- ment Policy failed. It was. in fact. rtiected bv two megalomaniacs who liul. in place of a policy. I 0on- lylracy against Mankind.

A great cartoonist like Louis liar-makers of the last Belgian en- rlivement coiiid best picture for us this conspiracy against Mankind file cartoon. when it is drawn. will show us a refugee family. complete with tiny children dragging on a mother's hands and a father sweating between the shafts of a loaded hand-cart. Behind them an richly-ton tank hurls flame and spits steel: before them parachute troops armed with tommy-girns

in the following paragraphs will be found a bricf summary of the more important events of the dif- ferent chapters of this famous look. The summary is not intend- ed to take the place or reading the book lnit is intended rather to fix the story in the pupil's mind.

Before beginning the actual sum- liialy it might be well to mention iome facts about the author. the lcttlng, and the terminating Illlflil will make the story more :53)’ understood by the youthful

ll ers,

‘The story was written by James llljllmllre Cooper (American. 1789- lBoli lli i826. and is one of ‘The hauler-Stocking Tales‘ dealing with Indian life in the forest and wilderness.

The year in which the events of the story take place was 1757, The scene" of most of the story is laid in lhe forest around Lake Cham- llliin and adjoining waters.

lenrll-Ilenape. Lenope. Delawares. Wipanachlki, and Mohicans. all mean the same people, or tribes oi iiie slime stock.

fills Meliclhe. the Maquas. the llllltoes. and the Iroquois. though not strictly the same were po- lll-lilllv unitcd and opposed to the lioiiicans. Harlcan (The Tail of “ll lllllill. the name of a former lndii tribe. is applied to Lake Gilllxe throughout the stor . The french name for the safe la e was lac du saint sacrement."

CHAPTER. I

“ml Ffllslish forces in America lave not yet recovered from the ef- glt of Braddocks defeat near Fort llliosne. General Webb com- manded Fort Edward and Colonel lllo commanded Fort William _bd"lli Magus. an Indian runner, mfihllfly‘: loM whoop that the c 6i‘ - mouthing‘ on aim, are ap mill .1500 men to help Munro. ‘r nros daughters. Cora and Alice. m: lent under escort of Major “mil llfyward and guidance of 0:1"? lo their father. David Mwlrlfuiiilegsalm-leader. and the " mar m] "e lmroduceed V lMirlam) and

clulrraa n

m’ Emil Keyword and Ma - . gua “Fragile their journey. They are m“, hi’ Dllvlri and sing for a y“ cHPYward states that Magda ‘hmalnadlan who is sewing with .11., Shall-sync had been dealt Indllllillllll by Colonel Munro. bushes an appears among the u- "l"! Bllllleata to the reader

‘Mllelv 0i Magus.

H cmlrrau m putty“; miles west of Howard's qmnéa gwllfyc. a white scout. and ‘m, 88° 800k. a Mohlcan Chief 11mm gamllle. are discussing the rum“ ill the country. The Mo- m h“ d come from the west m“ w driven out the Maguas. the Dufie in turn driven out by

“will and were. at the time finned v takes place, almost anni- ' sompamsllt white man and his m“ c}? were latcr joined by “It ' ‘llllflcllsoors son and The lug] kyndhe Mohlcans. Uncut had arrow and ll deer bv means of an 11,, M" n knife when they hear

l‘ i 0i Hayward! party.

crises-an rv ill

NEED OF THEE

drift to earth; above them the stukas dive and release their screaming bombs. This was nut war; it was the fine flower of I-lit- 1er's non-aggression Phcta with

you must tell a lie." he says Mein Kampi, "then the bigger the lie the better."

tain during the six years 1933-1939 tried by every appea to reason and decency‘ to call ofi: hoping against hope t at Germany would find herl soul again; seeking patiently

winclng constantly under the lash of American Journalism. Well. it

I'0i'. Less than four months ago bad COIIIIIICICInI risk. and Senator Key Pittman declared that Demo- cracy was extinguished in Europe. In the terse idiom of modern youth. Britain retorted, "So ililhat?" and went on dealing blow for blow Today she is the world's one hope for a free and democratic advance into the technological age. Ii Bri- tain goes down. we know that the Nazi new order -wli.h its hilo- sophy or bigger and better lea. of German blood militant and tri- umphant -will roll its tanks and speed its bombers round the world: and eventually will creash in upon our continent from East. West and south. We know it, and we have to save oilrselvcs.

We teachers are. in the nature of things. an intellectual and dis- putative lot. We rail and quibble (and how we have railed and quibbledi) about those hesitations, umblirigs and inconsistencies which we observe in the interna- tional sphere. We write with. im- patience at every march which ruthless dictator-ships steal on lum- bering democracies. And we are a part of what irks us. Ii we were all dumb, quiescent sheep the task of governing us and guiding our ship of state on the rocks would be greatly increased. How- ever, we elect to be rational crea- tures, to suffer the divine discon- tent. and to bear our part rather than surrender all to a Fuehrcr or a Duce. In the present crisis we are not called upon to put our in- iclllgence into cold storage. but we are rcquiredto agree upon a few essentials: and to use our spe- cial giffs and opportunities to "get them across" to our school-child- ren and to their homes.

(To Be Continued)

THE LAST 01" THE MOHICANS

out that they have lost their way. Duncan bells Hawkeye that he is a major in the Sixtieth Royal Am- ericans. They suspect Magua (Le Renard Subtil) of treachery but. fail to prevent his escape. .

CHAPTER. V

They try to capture Magua but fail. I-Iavlvkeye wounds him slightly. The scout and Indians decide to guide the party. Miriam’: colt is slain, and the Indians hide the horses in a. shaded spot. Hawkeye takes Hayward and the girls to the shore near the foot oi Glenn's. Then he brings the Indians, too.

CHAPTER. VI

The scout leads the party 111W the secret cavern o1 Glenn's on an island in the Hudson River. Chingachgook guarded the farther end of the cavern. Opening out of the cave was another cavern simi- lar to the first. Here Duncan. Alice and Cora retired for the night after having had a supper or venison. David had led in a sing-song. Ail exits were covered by blankets. Twice during the night the travel- lers were disturbed by a mysterious noise.

CHAPTER. VII

The party was again startled bl’ the mysterious noise. Heywai-d identified it as the shriek which a horse will give in agony. The sudden abandonment by the wolves of their prey warned l-lawte e that the enemy was near. cywfild placed sassafras in the chasm be- tween the two caverns. Indians attack at dawli. David was wound- ed. A small party of five was do- feated by the scouifls party. Uncas saved Hayward’: life.

CIAPPERVIII

Hayward thanks Uncas. Another attempt is made on their lives by an Indian hidden in a tree. ‘Kill- deer" eventually gets him. A Huron steals their canoe and powder. On Carol's request l-Iawkeyc. Chlnsiwll- gook, and Uncas take to the river and escape.

CIIAPTER IX

David recovers from his wound and again leads them in siIlBlIlB- The Indians discover the first cave and the rifle of La Longuc Cara- bine. The Indians do not discover the opening between the two caves. but no Renard subtll discovers out- let of second cavern and captures the party.

CHAPTER X

.'l‘he bulk of the Indians continues to search for ‘The bong Rifle.’ ‘The Nimble Deer, and ‘Le Gros Serpent He ward. through Magus. tells the In lans of the escape. Tile Indians are enraged but 80 on lllell‘ will" Most of the Indians iliidel- the lead- ership of the big warrior B0 W" ward the foot oi the Iiarlcan. Hey- ward's party and six Indians so with Magus. Cora attempts break branches to show any follow- ing party which way they went. They halt in a protected spot.

CHAPTER XI The Indians, except Mogua. pill‘-

tske of a meal of raw fnwli. Iiev- ward again approaches Magua. Til’!

“hie ca f um .n era first with David "l" with Duncan. no finds

F> s

Lé‘

latter demands an audience with

these three inoffensive lands. » "If yward mum an the Hum“ except

lDavid. who, after having a religious Such was the game which Brl- ‘God

on ti n i t h?‘ I “ms h“

one au en O g mpse no e .. ll . - mind of Stalin: waiting in vain ior LJéEI-cééyand the“ M‘ continued the“ France to decide what stars she; ' was steering by. and set a course: .

is the same Britain which todayl stands across the path of the I-lor- i }’§‘.’,°.f§,h°§§‘§cl"‘°‘° a hams had once

Hen‘? “rd ‘elected Email‘ as “lhad some refreshments. Chingack-

{a- p

‘Cora. He proposes to her that aha

live with him and let the other two go free. she refuses and he

worked into a frenzy and prepare to torture the victims. breaks his bonds in order to pro- tcct Alice, and his Indian opponent is shot down.

CHAPTER XII

l-lawkcye had fired the shot, and he, his two companions. and Hev-

Magus. who escaped. They released

argument with the scout. praised in his usual manner. 'I'he scout admitted that Uncass obser- rvation of the pace of the horses had enabled him to follow the party. Hawkeye and the two In- a brief repast at thr-

CIIAPTII XIII l-lawkeye led the party to an old

between the Dela- wares and the Mohawks. The girls

gook acted as sentinel while the cthers slept. They arose early and prepared to leave. but found that here were about twenty Hurona in the vicinity. The Hurons left when they discovered the graves. of the victims of a former battle.

CORRES

QUESTION:

Name the prominent BrltlshL lenders in the Middle East area. ANSWER:

Gen Sir Archibald P. Wavcll- Commander-ln-Chief of the Brit- ish land forces in the Middle East.

Gen. sir. Thomas Blamey —De- puty Commander-ln-Chief of the British land forces in the Middle East; he ls an Australian.

Gen. Sir Alan Cunningham — Colnmander-in-Chief of the Brit- ish forces in East Africa.

Gen. William Plato-Officer com- manding the Ethiopian offensive.

Geri Bernard Cyril Freyberg — Commander-in-Chief oi the British forces in Crete (New Zealander).

Lt. Gen. Sir. Maitland Wilson- Commander of the British forces in Palestine and Transjordan.

Major-Gen. Iven MacKay --Aus- tralian commander in the Libyan campaign. _

The following officers were cap- tured by the Axls forces during the German-Italian offensive against fig British forces of occupation of

ya.

LL-Gen. Sir. Nugent O'Connor.

Lt.Gen. Philip Neame.

Mai-Gen. M. D. Gambrler- Parry.

MIL-Gen. Adrian Carton do Weart.

Ad ' Andrew Cunningh — commander-in-Chie: of the Med- iterranean Fleet.

AIr Marshal A W Tedder — Commander-in-Chlef of the R. A. I". Middle East command.

Ari Marshal Arthur Longmore- It. A. F. Inspector General (for- mer Commander of the R._ A. F. Middle East Command).

Air Commodore Raymond Colli- shaw of Vancouver. Canadian Ace of the last war. commands the R. A. P. in the deserts of Egypt and Libya.

QUESTION:

Names of the prominent British naval leaders.

ANSWERS:

The Rt. lion. Albert Victor Alex- ander-First Lord of the Ad- mlralty.

Sir. Dudley Pound —-Command- er-ln-Chier oi‘ the British Fleets.

Admiral John E. Tovey —Com- mander-in-Chief oi the Home Fleet.

Admiral Percy Noble -Corn- mander-in-chief of the Fleet which guards the western approaches to Britain.

Admiral Andrew Cunningham — Commander-in-Chief oi the Med- iteranean Fleet.

Rear Admiral Sir. Henry liar- wood-Commander-in-Chicf oi the Battle or the Platte.

QUESTION:

Name the premiers and gover- nor-generals of the countries mak- ing up the British Commonwealth of Nations.

ANSWERS: Canada: Governor-General. -the

MacKenzie Kin!-

Unlon of South Africa: Gover- nor-Gcneral. Sir Patrick Duncan; Premier. -—Jan christian Smuts.

New Zeaiand — GOVHHOT- Gen" erai. Sir Cyril Newall; Premier — l-Ion. Peter Fraser.

Australia: Governor-General. — Lord Gowric: Premier. Hon. Robert Menzies (Acting Pflllle Mllllslel’ " Arthur l-‘addcril.

l QUESTION:

Name the prominent Frenclh leaders who are attmepting to d- rect France's course in the present confiict,

ANSWER:

Marshal Ilcnri Philippe retain —- Ciilcf of State.

Admiral Jen Francois Darius- Premier. Minisier o! Foreign M- fairs. Minister oi the Navy. Min- ister of the Interior. and the Mar- shal's designated successor.

Gaston IIenry-Iinye - Vichy! Ambassador to W illflfvllll- Rene Itistelhuebcr - Vi c h y ‘l

Minister to Canada.

Count I-‘ernaml De Brlnon — vichys representative in contact with the German occupation au- thorities

Gen. Ilenri Gentm-Vichfls High Commissioner in syria.

Gan. Charles dc Gaulle —Lead- er of the Free French.

(len. Edward De Larminat-‘Higli Commlssione of Free I-"relich Africa.

Gen. Maximo Weygaml --Com- mander-ln-Chief oi the French Armies in Northern Africa; he be-

CHAPTER XIV

Leaving the blockhouse they fol- lowed a brook for a time. i-Ieyward I answered the French sentryl when, challenged). and the party retired, to the mountains. The Ilfrench were ' already besiegiug the Fort. but aawkeye took advantage of the fog to get the party to the fort. I-Iey- l; ward got there irl time to lead his own sixtieth, and Cora and Alice were left in their father's arms.

CHAPTER. XV

A few days after their arrival there was a truce between the two opposing parties Hayward meets the girls, and they express their gratitude. Hawkeye and an import- ant letier were captured by the enemy. Hawkeye was set tree but the letter was retained. Hayward acts as Munro's deputy in a parley with Montcalm. Little is accom- pllshed. CHAPTER XVI

On Heywards return, lie finds Munro with his two daughters. They retire and I-leyward asks for the hand of A‘ice. Munro tells the story of his marriages, and they dis cuss military affairs. Heyward per- suades Munro to meet Montcalm. Montcalm shows Webb's letter re- fusing assistance, and He ard is commissioned to arrange t e terms of surrender. The English were al- lowed to march out with the hon- ors of war,

(To Be Continued next Week)

PONDENCES

Gen Adle —Conl.mander-in-Chief oi the air forces in 'I‘linisia, Algeria and Morocco.

Gen. Maximo Weygand replaced Maurice (iamelin as Allied gen- eralissimo, May i8. i940. After the Armistice weygand was sent to North Africa to take charge of Pctain's force; there.

..Edouard .Daladier resigned as Premier of France, March 20, 1940; and was succeeded by Paul Rey- naud. On July 10. 1940. Paul Rey- naud gave way to Marshal Petain, who assumed dictatorial powers. His chief minister was Pierre Laval who was ousted from the Petain Government, Dec. 14, 1940. I-Ie was in favor oi all out collaboration with Germany.

QUESTION:

Write notes on each of the fol- lowing: democracy. totalitarian state, fifth column. corvette. block- ade. s h o c k troops. Gestapo, Swastika. Reich, Coventrize, E- boats. Jerry, Skua, U-boat, and ral1head_

ANSWE :

Democracy is the statecraft of a free people. It insists on the prin- clple that the people have the right and. in the long run the abil- ity. acting either directly or through their representatives to control all institutions for the com- mon good.

A totalitarian stats exists when the rights and well being of the in- dividual arc subordinated to the in- terests of the state as conceived by the dictator.

Fifth Columists are spies. trai- tors, etc., who work behind the lines to aid the enemy and who are ready in give him help and guid- ance when he comes.

Corvettes are mosquito boats or launches built in Canada. and are used in counter submarine opera- tions anywhere.

Blockade. The closing up of place, wholly or in part. by hostile forces. either Military or Naval, to prevent communication. trading. etc., and thus force it to surrender.

Shock Troops are men specially selected and trained for attack and assault.

Geatalw~The Secret State Police oi.’ Germany.

Swastika is the national symbol oi Germany, which denotes Aryan- ism and Anti-Semitic feeling. It is an old religious symbol. dating from ancient times. shaped, like four capital l..'s Joined.

Reich is the German equvalent

‘ for parliament.

Coverentrizc means to reduce to rubble. It is reduced from the pro- per name Coventry due the intense bombing of the city, and the sub- sequent destructlon by the cult- waffe of Germany.

E-Boat is the British name for Germany's launch-torpedo boats. "E" stands for enemy.

Jerry is the British nickname for German fighter or plane.

Skua One British version of dive bomber Takes its name from gull found in European coastal wat- ers.

U-Boat - German submarine. Comes from the German word

Rallhead -A point on a rail- road in the theatre of operations at which supplies for troops are un- loaded .

- “Unterseeboat "

Earl of Athlone: Premier-Rt Hi-"l- - Pronunciation of place names.

OC98I1IB»—Oh-&lI€h-AN-Ih-l. Euboea—Uh-BEE-a. 'I'hebcs~'I'I-lEE-bz. Syclades-SIK-la-deez.

‘rhascs-Ti-IAH-sos. Missololighl—Mihs-o-lDNG-ge. Canea—-Kah-NE-ah‘. I-Ilmalaya-Hih-MAII-la-ia. Suez-Soo-EZ. Soo-ez. Nicosea-Nce-ko-SEE-a. Stavanger-STAI-l-vang-er. Durazzo—Duh-RAHT-soh. Antilles—Ari-'l'II-IL-eez.

Bengazl-Ben-GAH -zee. Cyrenalca-Silir-e-NAY-ih-ka Retirrro-RAY-tc-mo. Suda—SOO-da. Saigon-Sy-KOI-IN. Thailand—TAi-I-e-land. Flume-FIOO-may. Spalato-SPAH-lah-toh. Al-I-niah. Brlndisi-BREEN-de-ue. Scutari-SKOO-la-rc. Imbroc-IHM-bros. Lemnos-LEM-rios. Sofia-So-Iliee-a. Eblflik-E-fiyx-IIIB SkoDlic-S WP-lie. Zagreb-JSAH-greb. Saraievo-Sa-RAI-I-ia-Voh. Choco- I-IAH-koh.

Ce ion-Sc-LON. 0e lnie-rTSEr-en-iay. Ouse-OOZ

Mlveru-MWAY-roo. Bolent-SOH-lent. B0rel-—S0-REI.l. Rulea For Syllabicatlon of ' Latin Words

longs in the Petain-Darian camp.

will“!

THE WCHARLOTTETQWN “GUARDIAN . . .. Farewell Party

comparatively. it is not so ago since the Durchships the ‘Ihames and bcnuzazcled Iondon- l and that was only one instance of th, daring adventrous and intense- by patriotic spirit 0f these people who scoured the seas to America- Bornco and the Indies. Nor is it. very since the once valiant Swedes under Gustavus sent thell ' legions throughout Europe to save the Protestant faith. It was not that these people were numerically y strong-indeed, they were all small as nations went even in those days -but the had agleatsplrn; of ad- ~entur and an amcst fierce sense of nationality. Perhaps there has been nothing in the world's h‘storv since the RJormaticn to equal the almost hopeless battle of the Nem- erlancis against the Stranglehold 0f on their conquered soil. Talk abmt patriotism-them are tales told in Holland about the oairloiiol herclln of their forefathers Iinrl freedom and self-government that can c-nly be equalled by own little land in the days oi Wallace Bllfl Bruce. And yet. the tragedy today in. all that; once famous lands. is not that they were so easily over- run bv hordes of prepared OIICIIIZGS , butktrgat hheiy were i1$8bbb0dhég ise . . bac ~ie r own e auc "- on the ilvenlf‘! o! If“ ‘.52! 5&3? sassifisiyThese g-eat little natlclis. Tame?“ ‘*1 RP“ vafley g“ m, whose loyalty was once ther finest 1mm“? dlstncwdsanefe veal m; er. hill/Q been sold by their own “m” M" I“ M“ t the“. aitorsand their pin-e virtues have Mlllllmllr l° ll° h°f'°“f‘ Ptached becime riddled with moral disease. §g1h§"§-u?f‘§§f,; grail H'.‘éh..,nd_ 1 lice a man with a rotten lune. iiisé"e.‘i‘.lli“.‘fautl.‘““‘ "mo m» Despite the inclement weather the occasion was attended by a goodly numbe . Following the usual custom. Mr. Angus MacKinnon was appointed to preside and i_n a few well chosen remarks explained the purpose of the gallierlng and cal- led on George and his parents i0