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ii

I _Just To

; . The Motorist .

IV ALBERT L. CLOUGH

*5‘ How "Iro PREVENT PKIDDING

Qoon‘! Procrastinate In PutllnfOn

The Chains ,1; is of about as much use to

i" give practical directions how to

nandle a car that is skidding 88 iii is to-lnstruct a person unused to the water how to swim and expect him to do so. Experience seems m lbd the only effective teacher in both instances. Unoss an operat- or is very expert the only percau- ‘inn that can be taken against skid- ding iislitover to let askld occur and the only rule of real value in this connection is this: Alwayfl drive very slowly on slipperg going. Other suggestions as to how skid- ding may be prevented are ‘the toi- ‘lgwlngi Always use tire-chains on theirear wheels when the, sirrfaco is treacherousr‘. ivhlic driving straight ahead the danger of skid- ding is but slight but on corners and curves it is‘ great and such turns shcud be made very slowly indeed and in fact all sudden changes in car direction should be ngide gradually and gently in order to keep down the side skipping tcndetlcy. On heavily rounded roads one should drive in thc centre of the-traveled way, whomever- pos- sible, rather than on the sloping sides. cations, especialy if thc brakes arc not perfectly equalized. All sudden- ncss in manoeuvring u car should. ‘be avoidctl. Just as :1 person walk- ing in slippery slums on ice should start gently, stop cautiously and turn gradually in order to lteep from slipping down. Always allow plenty of room when manoeuvr- ing so that should skidding ticeur the car may not he llilllgvrflllklly (rinse to poles, ()l.ll(‘l' vchit-cs or the curbing. It‘ tho whccls hcconrc (raught in icycnr tracks. silow tin‘ car away down, turn the steering gcar at a sharp ange and drive out at low speed. raihcr than keep up speed nnd turn the steering gear until the front wheels suddenly climb out at such an tingle as to induce a skid, Do not (lepontl upon tires of the so-called non-skid variety to justify their name. The chain is the only device yet iro- vented that goes far to resist skid- ding and oven it in not eillcctive if it is applied so nightly to ‘tho tiro that the cross-links are not free to arrange themselves obliquely to the ‘tire trend, when the tendency to side-slip manifests itself. ltcmcmb- or that most bad skids occur when a car is suddenly slowed down in on emergency and try to prevent the necessity [or doing this by keeping out of close quarters. -—-Q0>i—-

A FEW “GENTLE REMINDERS"

Grease The‘ Motorists‘

Memory

How r e ‘ y l ive the unlversnl joints‘ ofelgoydgcfiifnrcceived lubrica- tion? It is u fact tthzrt they are tisually hard to get. at, but ‘they are constantly at work, wlnllu the can is running, and must not bccomc dry. Have your magneto your generator and your starting motor had lthcir bearings otlorl lntoly? Just a. icw ilrops of thin oil at u tlme—-bui they must ‘have that, or youniay haven burnotl-otit armat- ure on your hands. llnve you lrOilC- cd that. your car steers hard lately and ISTIIIQEIILQ a little whcn you nmkc a turn‘? 'l‘his can't he because tho greasing of the parts has bccn dc- ferred can‘it? Just "how many miles age" was thc oil in the eu- gine QFZlllli-PGSO changed? It (locsift grow better by use to say the least, especially in (lllltl weather and no one wants burned out boar- ings or ifrozcn and burst till-pump. You put plcuty of alcohol into tho cooling sysirtn sometime t.ll.'.5 son- son, but now much is hero now? is there suillclont to protect the radiator in lhc next spell of cold irezrther? When were the wntcr

and sediment drawn off from the fuel tank vacuum and

curb tire-

CON§IDERS HAWKEIVS TOLU and CHERRY BALSAM

the best cou h cure he has aver used. Read is letter to us:

"l IIkQJIICKIBIIPG in stating that I have use llawkerh Tolu and Cherry Balsam for the Inst eight years, and consider i! the best cough cure l over used. liind lllwkcfs Liver Pills an excellent liver rc ‘ulnror. t

ndiv. n. A. McKEOWN, p Uliefluxlim, N. B. Supwmr. Court. I-Iawkci-‘a Tolu and Cherry Balsam should be in every homo Bay it today and be prepnrnd. ll will help to guard against "Tho 'l"'lu". Sold by 411 Jaw]; pnl general rlarts. Tbeuonaprinévorywlrere—zgc_6fyoa Nm genuine without-Company’: Mm-

IIVIIETS lIlTII [WEI HI.“

can: ALI. QTOMAcM ILLI. IIIEH IEIII III "MEI Tin

‘I'M! oanrmviaonarol. .

. IUILD‘ U’ TH‘ IYITIU. '

TIIICMIADIAIDIUG Cllqhhitll, ' amoral. ILI. t i

I 5 .o,.,\t£n .- zaps

‘velops a substantial knock, when

Avoid sudden brake cppli- _

..

Is not of nearly dip; 'Wul.._ If your digestion la wank/q out of Islltor, hotter out loaned llll

IibHIlIIII-l‘

th aid

ail-l’; t. ..‘:.i'h.'..‘£'."“m .K""'°"4' hliP llrllgblon out your digestive troubles.

- mun IY oco-rr a. news: MAKIRI on scan-o IMULIION l

l tor bowl? Alteri- more than a. can: train quantity oi: these has collected there is bound to be trouble and that usually come; at the most un. comfortable tine. ‘Have you done‘ anything about those cuts in the‘ tire trends whch you noticed a few; weeks ago? lif not you may be sur. prised at the pnogreos they have made. They better be plugged up] before "warts" develop. It seems “only yesterday" one: you tested and watered he battery, but wasn't it really six weeks sinceTWater is still cheap but batteries are not.

SPARK KNOCK

A. E. V. writes: My englng de. the spark is fully advanced which stops only when the full retard is used. l do not think that this is caused by carbon deposits. What is

Ell

your theory about it?

Answer: Are you sure that the timer is sci correctly upon its shtvft? _ll‘ it is set too greatly ad- vanced you‘ would not be able to run without a knock, with the lever in its advanced position. We do not know the exact spark timing for your engine and ignition sys- tem but as a general proposition. the setting of the breaker-points should be such that with the spark lever fully retarded they should be on the point of separating when lllQ pflston in the cylinder that s to flre, 2g exactly at the top of s stroke. In caste who tsetiting is much earlier than this you should hardly expect t0 be able to use the full advance. .

.

KEROSENING CYLINDERS

M. writes: My car is‘ laid up for the winter and I wish to know whether if l put kerosene into the cylinders through the spark-plug

holes at. intervals, it will work loose any cabon that may he there?

Answer: We doubt whetherit. will have much effect in this direction] nnd we fear that it will make the engine hard to turn over. when you- wlsh to start. it in the spring. lt would be better to apply a good liquid carbon remover, according to directions n5 soon as you put the car into service again, l€ilVlllg the cjrlintlcrs Noll supplied with engine- oll during the lay-up period. Tho sticccasitil use of carbon removing liquids requires that the engine ot- run after the application, and if the liquid is left in the cylinders deposits which may have been loosened remain and harden again, instead oi’ being forced out with the exhaust.

PLATINUM VS. TUNGSTEN BREAKERPOINTS

J. H. writes: My small six-cylin- der car. although it has recently been overhauled nt times will not do better than 10 miles‘ on the gal- lon oi’ gasoline. The carburetor is hot-water jacketed and takes hot air. Please tell me if the use of platinum instead of tungsten points on the mako-and-break of the ignit- cr will enable me to obtain bet- tcr mileage,

‘thing else by not

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t

more frequent attention than any

one o! thetndlvid-ualcoll vibrators. You can arrange to use either sys- tem at will, keeping the coil vibra- tors screwed down tight, when you are runnig on the master-vibrator

.~‘.'; *4 -

and short-oirculting vibrator ‘and readjusting the 002i vibrators. it you need to go back to the old system.

POGBIBLE INJURY TO _ GENERATOR

the ‘mas ter-

L. ha R. wrltal: When laying iip my car for the winter. I was told tihat the only thing necessary to be done to the electrical syistein was to remove the battery and put it in a suitable place, but 1 rind by reading the instruction plate on the generator that it; terminal should be ground ed, whenever the battery is discon connected. Please tell me if l have injured the generator or any- Pnowin’; this latter instruction?

Answer: Certainly not, if the en- gine has" not been run since the bat- tery W33 disconnected. The caution means that the generator should not be run unless the battery is con~

nected to it and unless you have done this. no harm has been done. You should be ‘stare to, eltiher con- nect your battery to the generator or ground t-he generator terminal before you run the engine, or the field-winding will overheat perhaps to ‘the burnlaigout point.

BATTERY CHARGING OUTFIT

V. H. G. writes: I have electric lights in my garage and should like to know what equipment is requir- ed t.o enable me to charge my storagebattery here.

Answer:.. We presume that you have alternating current and if so you require some f-orm of rectifier to convert tlis iinto direct current and to rtiduco the voltage to the 8 or l6 volts which your battery re- quires, dependent. upon whether it is one oi‘ the three or stix cells‘. The rectifier is a. handy, portable and tlllllilfil. automatic device, rcusonnbit: i,n price and convenient- ly connm ted to u. large socket and to the buttery to be charged and you can do the charging at. night when your car is not~in use. Your local electric light company can dotibtless supply you with any one of several forms of rectifier.

ASKS ABOUT CHARGING RATE

J. V. asks: llow much charging current is tihe altimeter supposed to register on n 1917 ~—- car, when it. is‘ running at a medium speed?

Answer: Thc generzil rule is that at a speed of 12 to 15 nriles per hour. the charging (rurrent should be at least equal to the full lamp ‘load. You can determineihe numb- er ‘of ampere; taken when all lamps" are burning and the engine soopped and set. the generator charging rat to equal this‘ amount as shown b he ummcter indica- tion when no lumps are on. The instruction book for this, model does not state the charging rate and in fact. says that a charging indicator and not-an ammeter is used. IGNITION.

THE INDUCTION

Answer: Assuming that ignition siren points. you cannot expect Ill- crcnsetl fuel economy from‘ the use or platinum. Arc you ‘absolutely sure that. the ignition timing is as‘ far rtdvttnccti as permlssablo? A very little lateness results in vory largo fuel waste. Hot water jacket-

lng of the caburctor is of little use with present-day fuel and if your intake manifold is exposed so that. in. can be exhaust jacketed, we ad- vise you to have this done.

INSTALLING MAsTEFl-VIBRA- TOR

L. C. P. wrltal: Lhaye been ac- vised that by installing a master- vhbrator on my Ford the engine would run better, but another party has told -_me that the master-vibrat- or would give trouble after a while.

Answer: With the master-vibra» tor. the cylinders nray be expected to flre more nearly uniformly than when separate vibrators are used and this conduces to smoother and

more powerful engine operation. However, this single vibrator

does all the work and may require

is perfectly reliable with the tuug-I

I If you combinctl the curative pro - Zerties of cvcrv known ‘randy-mails i trough syrup, which is easily prepared tin n fcw minutes. _

i Got. from nny druggisf. 2% ounces iof Pinex (50 cunts worth) pour it

What do you tihink as to this? imbim, ,,

COIL The illustration shows It partial

Easerjtasnrssuar Try Maki Your Own Coughnfiemedg You; can snvo about I2. ‘m! have n better remedy than t-hs ready- made kind. Easily dons.

z;

cough remedy, you probably could not. {get as niuclr real curative power ns tierc is Ill this simple home-made

into a iii-oz. bobtle and fill the bottle with syrup, using either plnin granu- Intrd sugar syrup, clarilleiljnolnsses, ,honcv, pr corn syrup, as desired. The iresult is ltl ouncs of really better icon h syrup than you could bilV tron v-niade and saves ensrlv $2- iTastes pleasant and never spoils. _ This incx and Syrup preparation

lusts right. at the cause of a cou h and

ives almost immediate relitizf. It.

l ooscns the phle m, stops the nasty

‘throat tickle an heals the sore. ii‘!!- tated membranes so gently nnd easily that it is really astonishing.

A dny’s use will usually overcome the ordinary cough and for bronchitis, oroup. honrseness nnd bronchial asth-

thcre i! nothing better.

p, mdost‘ valuable Igoncen-

trated componn o gentnnc orway

pine extract, and has been used for generations to break severe coughs. To avoid disappointment, ask you; drufigist for "ZV, ounces of Pine: wit full directions, and on t. accept- anything else. Guaranteed to give

“tuning, I satisfaction or _ mono]

promptly refunded. '.l'he Pine: Co, oronto, Ont. I

a bird refuge.

cross sectloirof‘ an induction coll‘ o! ordinary-tubular form. Here A is the cylindrical bundle 0f fine wires of special alloy steel, lormlng the magnetic core. B is a. cross section through a tube of mica or similar material, jbrmlng the In- sulation around ‘the core. C is a cross section through the coll of, heavy, well insulated copper wlrml forming the primary coll. D its a tube of inlca or hard rubber shown in section which performs the very important duty of insulating the primary from the secondary coll. E represents a sectional view of the secondary wil composed of very numerous’ turns of extremely line copper wire. covered with, an insulating coating of enamel. ' A! F‘ is shown a section through an insulating wrapping over the outside

i . :5

the coll time: the volume ‘o! ‘the current p80}!!! through it, but it is- impractlcalto use many turns o!

reason that a coil of numerous turns exert; a choking effect upon the current and prevents it from promptly building up to its full value. In other words it' makes the coil slow acting and thus in order to secure a quick acting coll, the primary winding must consist of but few turns of wire and a very considerable primary current must be used. ln modern ignitionsys- toms the ability of the coil to de- ll,ver sparks with sufficient rapidity ls assisted by the way in which one timer controls the flow of current, the timer being so constructed that it keeps the primary circuit closed almost continuously, the only inter.

of the secondary coil. LL are

ruptions of thh cur-rent flow being

A

L

wire in the primary coil gfor the], i

alcohol. been retained.

i

I

I

I

I

I

l .l_ ‘F’

headset vulcanized iibro or similar‘ material, titted upon the core and in which the IIISUIZI-Illlg cyiinderical external casing-of the coil is fas- tened. The endg of the primary coll ‘C are brought out to screw terminals GG for connection to the battery-switch and to the timer andl the ends of the secondary coll E are carried to the IBTlTlIllfllg lII-l. for connection to the distributor and to ground. in the opcraton of the coil current flowing ‘ through primary coil t. fro mlhe battery niagnctlzes core A storing up within it energy in the eletromagnctic form. When this current is suddenly broken by the tinrer. the core loses its magne- tism and the energy stored within it, acting upon the very numerous turns‘ of secondary coil E. is tran-s- formed into the extremely high- tensiou, momentary current that is directed to the sparluplugs by the ills-tributor. So high is the pres- sure of this current, that if it were not that it had the very short gap at a spark-plug, through which to discharge, it would be likely to force a path of discharging through the insulation of the secondary wire and rulm the coll. If a wire to a spark-plug ‘becomes detached. the current" loses its regular path‘ of discharge and when no other is provided is likely‘ to break down the coil insulation. iSllCli damage is forestalled by the use of the safety snark-gap, represented by the metal points M and N fixed within the outside casing K; point N being connected by means of a heavily insulated conductor to the live end ot‘ the secondary coiil which leads to the distributor and point M ‘to the grounded end of the sec- ondary. The gap between M. and’ N. is very much greater than that between spark-plug points, but still is small enough to iallowithe second- ary current to discharge through it, without danger of damaging the coil insulation. If a spark-plug Oi distributor connection becomes do- incited tho spark passes harmlessly at. the safety spark-gap instead of at the usual place. The rate at which an ignltiion coil is required to deliver sparks is astoundingly" high. For instance, in the case ol nu eight cylinder engine, capable oi‘ running as high as 3,000 revolu- tlons per minute, a single coil is trailed upon to furnish 200 sparks oacli second WllOll the engine is at top speed, and thus the core of the coil must be capable of being mog- nctlzed and (iemagnetized with al- most inconceivable napldltyUnless it is fully magnetized at the time the primary circuit is broken there will "be but little magnetism to bc ' discharged there will he ‘but a weak secondary current impulse and no spark will occur. The magnetiz- lllg effect of c current is propor- tional to the number of turns in

Paying on the

Au expression with which every» one is familiar, “paying on the nail," comes from the old method of settling accounts. i

In the early days of trade and commerce, merchants on Change paid‘ their debts by counting out their gold on tnra copper “nail" or table, in the market-place.

.Wrltten receipts are now almost universal, and these nails are no

longer used; ibu-t ‘two splendid specimensstill remain among the most lnteiiestlng treasures ot‘ the ancient port of Bristol.

They are each about four feet high, shaped like a gigantic hour glass. There thdy stand in the busy street. a lasting monument to tho integrity of the old trading and nprchnnt class, who paid on the nail and scorned a receipt.

Iieligoland as Bird Sanctuary

it is practically agreed that the island of Hellgoland, late Geriman naval base in the North Sea. has but. two possible uses: the one it served in the World War, or as a sanctuary for the millions of ml- gratory birds that have long utiliz- ed lt as a temporary resting place. Since it will never be permitted tore- vert to its former state there seems to belittle in the way of making it The proposal is made by British ornthologists, and

has American support.

at the exact instants when sparks are required. In this way the mag- netism of the core is Elven the longcsf possible in which to build up, with the result that even at the highest engine speeds with the shortest. periods of prillitlfy Curie!"- flow, the core is able to attain a sufliclent degree oil magiieiilaiiilii for effective spark production. The adoption of this so-called “closed circuit" system of ignition, with its rathcr large current consumption, has been made possible by the gcucrnl introduction of the genera- tor and storage battery ‘system which supplies a practically un- limited supply of electrical energy.

Questions of general interest to motorists will be answerd in this column, space penmittlng. If an immediate answer is desired, on- close sell-atldressed, stamped en vclope, Address Albert L. Clough. care of our OlIICG.

money-back guarantee. sent on request.

J unipci" berry .

available.

trottivlcs. tlic Um.

Since Gin Pills were placed on the marker-sixteen work they have done in rclicvini; the pain or: from Kidney and Bladder troulrics is aim Thousands anil thousands oi lrttcrrz, scnt Vi. users, testify to the cnorsnous iacnciit Gin l’ i. sutierers throughout the lcngihxand breadth of

United States, and in parts of Europe, where a so t: never sought.

ll you are enduring the agony of Iiccknchc, gravel tic, sciatica and ricuraljgiu pains, Ivricl; Llust dcprr: congestion, or inlianwro-aiion oi Kidneys or Blatiij; , o: