IRELAlgV'D. Raps“. or ran Umour-At-‘sthe time when the agitation for this object seems seriously to have com- menced, it ma not be amiss to recall a few of the events which istinguished the twenty years prior to the Act of Union :— , _ t In March, 1783, a grand armed convention assem- bled in Dublin; they prepared a bill for Parliamen- tary 'Boform: it was read before them, committed, engrossed, and ed with all the usual parliamen- forms.“ After which the bill was forwarded to

members of the armed convention, accoutred in their uniform.

ba onet.

d and took on himself to overawe

888° an

mg» L

the non-importation act, were furiously . whenever 'it was possible, the patriots, in bi noxious instances, proceeding to tarand feat er the popular delinquent. No loyal gentl ture to remain in his countryhouse,

crown witnesses slain ; and the rebel wore his green

or ellow badge in triumph. I1 1793, the House 0 Commons was set on fire

I while the members were sitting, and amidst the ” shouts of an immense and ferocious multitude ; the .J relidsuitatives had just time to escape, when the

vast dome became enveloped in flames, and falling in, crushed everything beneath it. The infernal deed was caused by a chemical preparation, which lit before its intended time ; but so little did its pro- jectors fear discovery that a few days before the conflagration, a- placard was posted under the pro- clamation for the apprehension of James Napper Tandy, then aflixed to the gate of the House of Lords, which placard ran‘as follows :———“ The mem- bers of a certain great house, not far from the Col- are hereby cautioned how they persecute to ruin a virtuous citizen, for defending his character,

%' and asserting the liberties of Ireland; if they do not, let them beware of the and of the cobbler of Mes- sina i” In fine, associations became terribly fre- quent, and, as a writer of the day says, every princi- ple of humanity and morality was sapped by the in- sidious speeches, proclamations, and publications of hpretended patriots or dangerous enthusiasts; plans 7 of general insurrection were drawn up; military or- ganization was effected; negotiations for foreign as- sistance in men and money arranged; the separa- tion of Ireland from England openly avowed; and the establishment of a republic, under the protec- ‘ion of France and America, unhesitatingly acknow-

Ie

led.

teen supported it. The measure, however, produced military orga fitr greater importance ; and such was the profound secrecy with wh'ch it was conducted, that not a sin le Orange dege was established in VVexford wit in one month previous to the dreadful massa- cres in that county, when 160 Protestants were savagely butchered, in cold blood, in the streets, and

painful a manneras it was possible to invent.

In 1795, the communications with the French

DirectOry were assiduously carried on, and in 1796,

the military organifiation of Ulster was reported as .gfi-‘A '

complete. . In 1797, plans of general insurrection were drawn

Minister at Hatnbur h tion of the United firislimen, it was stated, that the “counties of Louth, Armagh, Westmeath, King’s County, and Dublin, were the best organized, and flat the Catholic priests had ceased to be alarmed "' at the calumnies propagated respectin French ineligion; that the priests were all we l-afi‘ected to‘the cause, and with discrete zeal propagated the s stem of the United lrishmen.” Lord Edward . itzgerald, in a despatch written by himself; stated the number of armed men in Ulster, Leinster, and Munster, to be 279,896, but thaf the treasure in hand was only £1,485. To aid theso internal traitors, the French Directory despatched, in 1797, an immense armament for the separation of Ireland from Eng- land, and the creation of an Hibernian republic in an indivisible alliance with France. But Ireland and En land were saved by the beneficent interpo- sition 0 Providence (as in the case of the Spanish Armada), which in its mercy scattered over the ocean twentyg‘ive Gallic ships of the line, fifteen large frigates, many brigs and sloops of'war, and trans- ports for 25,000 men! ' 0n the night of the 23d of May, 1798, the signal for rebellion was given, to commence simultaneously for all Leinster. We willingly draw a veil over that terrible period, and desire not to detail atrocities ‘which a dis race to human nature, and which the bi; of re igion contributed so materially to engen er. After a terrible expenditure of blood and treasurefi‘ the riahellion of 1798 was quelled; and men of reason, who loved their country, saw that, after the filly-third rebellion of hatred to En- glan a party who sought separation at every hazard, e only chance left for the peace, freedom and prosperity of Ireland, was a legislative union with Great Britain; the project of 1782 was there- fore revived, more particularly as ‘ the dispute between the two Parliaments on the powers with xhich the Regent should he invested, demonstrated . — at there was no security to prevent disagreement of opinion on ulterior constitutional questions. And to this barbarous and savage condition would Ireland return in three months after the Repeal of the Union was procured.

was wnsrnnn ISLES or SCOTLAND. (From Howiq‘": Visits to Remarkable Places.) What a s ,eefit voyage is that up the sound of Mull l . ’ -, leaping waters—the wild, dreamy mountain~l ' , around you! which successively... s your eye brings some 'poetical associations. ere is the Castle of Durat

I > ' I

"file property destroyed was valued at nearly one million. sterling; the‘ loss of life on the side of the crown was 20,000, and that of the rebels was 50,000.

‘ .

the House of Commons, and given in by some

The House of .Commons, .however, had the spirit indignantly torreject‘a mea- sure thus presented to them on the pomt of the

March, 1794, an armed mob broke into, the

4, House of Commons, in consequence of the rejection a? of a Bill; and James 'Napper Tandy, a bankrupt shopkeeper, at the head of the “Aggro ates,” en- arliament d the Government, and to regulate the police of the metropolis. In fact, armed associations controlled eve act of the legislature. Non-importatwn ofBrtttsh we was resolved on ; the houses and persons of

shopkeepers, who were suspected of not favouring assailed hly ob-

emau could ven- unless protected amilitary guard; the magistrates of the kingdom ere daily threatened; jurors perjui ed themselves, rather than be murdered; assassins were acqmtted;

o concession, no kindness, could produce tran- quillity. In 1795, the poor were relieved from the

, hearth-money tax; a Roman Catholic college was founded at Maynooth, and a satisfactory mode of issuing money from the Treasury adopted. Catho- lic emancipation was brought forward in the Irish House of Commons, and out of 300 voices, but nine-

no excitement in the, public mind;the system of nization throughout the country Was of

when five clergymen (two of them above eighty years of age) were massacred in asignominious and

up, and the negotiations for foreign assistance ar- ranged. In a memoir presented to the French , in June, 1797, by a conven-

Every object‘

'¢

Hall”—there the eaten] fortress of Area; and, lastly, on your right, Morven .itself, the land of Ossian, With its” blue, misty hills—its r p \ d, wave-bathed coast—and its clear streams that come hurrying and sh1n1n in sun ! Another night at 'l‘obermory, and ugh

gr and

—the;e is “Ardtornish

the north headland of Mull forth into th_ Atlantic. All before you and to the ugh; Call, and Rum, and, in the dim horizon, the _ mountains of Skye. The course now, however, was southward, past the clustered Islands of Treshbanish, with Gometra, Colonsay, and Mull on your. left; and Stafih, rising like an isolated crag from the wave, before you. I never Visited any part of.Great Britain which more completely met my anticipated ideas than this. The sea was rough ; and Wild-fowl wereflying, scudding, and diving on all hands, and wherever the eye turned were craggy islands, mountains of dark heath or bare splintered stone, and green solitary slopes, where scarcely a tree or a but was to be discovered : but now and then black cattle might be descried grazing, or flocks of sheep dotted the hillsides. Far as we could look were naked rocks rising from the sea, _ that were worn almost into roundness, or scooped into hollows, by the eternal action of the stormy waters. Some of them stood in huge arches, like temples .of some shaggy sea-god, or haunts of sea-fowl—daylight and the waves passed freely through-them. Everywhere were waves leaping in snowy . foam against the craggy shores. It was a stern Wilderness of chafing billows and of resisting stone. The rocks were principally of darkenedgranite, and were cracked across, as if by the action of fire or frost. Every thing spake to us of the Wild tempests that so fre- quently rage through these seas. But Stafi'a rose momently in its majesty before us ! After all the descriptions we had read, and the Views we had seen, of this singular little island, we were struck with delightful astonishment. at its aspect. It_ is, in fact, one great mass of basaltic columns, bearing on their head another huge mass of black stone here and there covered with green turf. We sailed past the different caves—The Boat Cave and the Cor- morant Cave, which are themselves very wonderful ; but it was Fingal’s Cave that struck us with admi- ration and awe. To see this magnificent cavern, with its clustered columns on each side, and pointed arch, with the black precipices above it, and the sea raging at its base and dashing amid its gloomy interior, was worth all the voyage. There are no words that can express the sensation it creates.

We wereZtaken in the boats on shore at the north point, and landed amid the wilderness of basal-tic columns thrown into almost all forms and directions. Some were broken} and lay _in heaps in the clear green water. Others were piled up erect and abrupt; some were} twisted up intojtortuous pyra- mids 'at alittle distance from the shore itself; and through the passage which they lefl, the Sea came rushing—all foam, and with the most tremendous roar. Others were bent like so many leaden pipes, and turned their broken extremities toward us. We advanced along a sort of Giant’s Causeway, the pavement of which was the heads of basaltic columns, all fitting together in the most beautiful symmetry; and, turning round the precipice to our right hand, found ourselves at the entrance of the great cave. The sea was too stormy to allow us to enter it, as is often done in boats ; we had therefore to clamber along one of its sides where a row of columns is broken off; at some distance above the waves, and presents an accessible, but certainl very formidable causeway by which you may reac the far end. 1 do not believe that any stranger, if he were there alone would dare to pass alongscthat slippery causeway, and penetrate to the 0 unit end of the cave ; but numbers animate one another to any thing. We clainbered along this causeway or corridor, now ascending and now descending, as the broken columns required, and soon stood— upwards of seventy of us—ranged along its side, from one end to the other. Let it be remembered, that this splendid sea-cave is 42 feet wide at the entrance ; 66 feet high from the water, and runs into the rock 227 feet. Let it be imagined, that at eight or ten feet below us it we paved with the sea, which came rushing and foaming along it, and dashing up against the solid rock at its termination; while the light. thrown from the flickering billows quivered in its arched roof above us, and the whole place was filled with the solemn sound of the ocean; and, if any one can imagine to himself any situation more sublime,I should like to know what that is. The roof is composed of the lower ends of basaltic columns, which have yet been so cut away by nature as to 've it the aspect of the roof of some gigantic cathe ral aisle; and linches of gold and crimson have gilded and coloured it in the richest manna; It was difficult to forget, as we stood there, that any one slipped he would disappear for ever; for the billows in their ebb would sweep him out to the open sea, as it were, in a moment. Yet the ex. citement of the whole group was too evident to rest any seriousness on such a thought. Some one suddenly fired a gun in the place, and the concus- sion and reverberated thunders were astounding. When the first effect was gone off; a general peal of laughter rung through the cave, and then nearly the whole company began to sing “the Sea! the Sea l” The captain found it a difl‘icult matter to get his company out of this strange chantry—where they and the wind and waves seemed all going mad together—to embark them again for Iona. Vene-l rable Iona—how different! and with what different feelings approached. As we drew near, We saw a low black shore, backed by naked hills, and at their feet a row of miserable Highland huts; and, at separate intervals, the ruins of the monastery and Church of Ronald, the Church of St. Oran and its burying ground, and lastly its cathedral.

GENOA—The approach to Genoa from the sea is most magnificent; Well may they call her Genoa the Superb. .5 At‘tliei 'ottom of her noble gulf; and the foot ofgher,am.phit eatre of barren snowy moun- tains, she rises from the water in a white crescent of houses, churches, and palaces, built on the slope of hills covered with groves of the dark green orange and pale olive. The interior of the town is no less striking and picturesque, than the distant view is imposing. Genoa is utterly unlike any town in France or England. On landing there, 1 found myself transported at once into a new world. The streets are? so narrow, that the rojecting eaves of the houses almost meet over head) and shut out sun and rain. Instead of carts and carriages, we meet. long lines of mules, driven by wild, half-civilized peasants.

l The shops are mere dens or caverns in ‘

‘ the wall, Without windows, open to the street, and

shut in at night with folding doors. The palaces are splendid beyond description, and so numerous, that in some streets every house isapalace. No at of men were ever‘lodged so magnificently as use merchant nobles of Genoa, with their spacious mrble staircases, and inner courts adorned with statues and fountains, and built round with lofty colonnades, and row above row of marble pillars.

‘ Nor doesathe interior ofthese splendid mansions

9-.

ins with the richest Turkey 0

. 'T'E-ZfiIHv w; a -— ,.

belie their external magnificence. The merchants

. . . d

eat families of Genoa are. still wealthy, an bilge irpride in keeping up their palaces._ I saw several of the first palaces, and wasastonishedat e splendour, and solid substantial

the richness luxury with wlii’hh they were fitted up, Wfllglgglgl

' ' res of thmfirst masters, ceilings pai fiehlbgfiblbrs inlaid with polished marble or covered arpets, mm vases and d expensiVehxui—y,’ . V is nothing in' cence of the however, to all beggars, the

other objects of elegant an the eye on every Side. I am toéd _ Italy to vie with the luxury an

nobles of Genoa.1 As a cent this s lendour t e streets swarm A dwelliiigs of the lower orders aretk, filthy, and miserable in the last degree, and ere isatotal want of the comfort, cleanliness andtespectability, which we are accustomed to see in civilized count- ries, such. as France and England. The town I am told is rich and its commerce thrivuig : there are plenty of vessels in the harbour, and since its union with Sardinia, it has becomea great depot for the import of foreign goods and manufactures. It has also a considerable silk manufacture, and yet with all these advantages, it is oyer—run With pau- perism. Eighteen Iiundred destitute persons are supported in one workhouse alone, the Albergo del Pouvri. Charitable institutions innumerable extst, and out-door relief is given to a great extent, and yet the streets swarm with beggars and objects in the_last state of misery and disease—Loud. Citron.

' THE ©©EA©E§EAD EEAEEO' SflTURDflY, DECEMBER 26, 1840.

By a Proclamation in the Royal Gazette, of Tiles- day last, the Legislature of this Colony is summoned for the dispatch of business, on Tuesday, the 26th January.

We have had no Mail since the one which arrived here on the 131binst., the quantity of drift ice in the strait, and the stormy state of the weather, being such as to prevent any communication with the main land. On Wednesday last, two mails from hence were at Cape Traverse, with which the carriers were unable to cross, audit is not at all improbabletliat they are there still. On Tuesday, an attempt was made to cross, but after proceeding about half way, the carriers were forced to return.

THE SEASON—We stated in our last, that the bar- bour was then free from ice, and the navigation unobstructed. The navigation is now, however, cfi'eclually closed for the sea- son. Oii Saturday last it began to freeze in right earnest; in the course of the night the harbour was frozen across, and so '-inlense was the frost, that on the lollowmg day (Sunday), foot passengers were enabled to cross the harboui' on the ice, op- posite the Queen's whatnyith safety. On Wednesday, there

five inches on a. level, and it has continued. to fallhat intervals, every day since—so that the winter travelling, which had been temporarily sus ended, has been resumed, and the enlivening sound of the sleigh-bells is again heard in our streets. It is not yet considered safe for horses to cross the harbour on the ice.

TEMPERANCE DnrAernnr.—The Committee of the Charlottetown Temperance Society having obtained free permission to make use ofthe Court IIouse for the pur-

ose, give notice that a general meeting of the friends of Il‘emperance will be held in it on Tuesday the 12th January, 1841, at 6 o’clock, p. m., to devise means for giving a more popular and general character to Tem- perance operations throughout the Island, and they ear- nestly invite the attendance and co-opgatinn of all friendly to the objects proposed, both i Town and Country. Though the Committee ofthe Charlottetown Tem erance Society do not intend to dictate the course whicli shall be pursued in the management of the meet- ing, nor assume any right which may not be held by any who may be present on the occasion—they would respectfully call the attention ofthe Temperance public and others, to the following topics, which they think may very properly furnish subjects of discussion-at the meeting—that those who feel an interest in the matter may revolve them in their minds, and he prepared to give a matured opinion upon them :—

l. The resuscitation of Societies that, through ne- glect or otherwise, have been allowed to cease their operations, and the forming of new Societies.

2. The employment of a travelling Agegyor Agents to carry out this object. '

3. The adoption of the total abstinence principle in all Temperance Associations.

4. The petitioning 'of the Legislature; and the specific measures they shall be solicited to adopt.

5. The providing of a fund for the dissemination of Temperance intelligence.

The discussion of these topics in a grave and proper man- nor they think might essentially subserve the interests of the cause; and should all agree to act simultaneously and harmoniously in reference to them, much good might naturally be expected to accrue. '

We have received the following communication from Princetown Royalty. Neither the time nor place of the meeting is stated; the letter of our cor- respondent which accompanied it is dated the 15th instant :—

At a meeting of sundry of the inhabitants of Princetown Royalty and Township Eighteen, Mr. Ciafer in the Chair, those assembled having for some time had under consideration the statement published in the Colo- nial Herald as to the determination of the British Mi- nistry to recommend the imposition of a penal lax “ ou wilderness land in this Island, in consequence of the propriemrs no; having offered any equitable arrange- ment to the tenantry since the rejection by the latter of the offer made through Mr. Yollng"-—Il was

1. Resolued,unanimousli, The! the meeting is sin- cerely rejoiced to find that it is at length admitted by the Colonial Minister that we really labour under grievances, and that he feels himself called upon to recommend measures for the redress of same: In regard to the remedying these bv the imposition of a tax on wilder- ness land-—tliis i ea seems to have made its first ap- peararice in the Resolutions of the majority of the House of Assemblyin 1835, to have been adopted by Lord Glenclg in 1836, and the recommended, and with the case ofUpper Canada, which was forced into a parallel, to have been subsequently further pressed on the notice ofthe Earl of Durham, with the double view of continu- ing our grievances by adopting an illusory remedy, and at the same time of the additional revenue :Ifi'ortlina some additional pickings, and that hence this pla: became fashionable as a second best, the best last or first best, bring things as they are, that is, the tenants’ noses to the grindstone, and if the rascals try to better them- selves in the Courts of Law, that they shall find they have leaped out of the fryingpan into the fire. Ne- vertheless, in order to convince any who may not lmve thoroughly considered the matter, the meeting submits that supposing the measure of n penal tax carried into effect to the highest extent contemplated b the Earl of Durham—ten shillings per year on every undred acres 10“ wilderness land—then a claimant of a Township, of which 5,000 acres are leased under the rent commonly demanded, would, from that portion, have a rental of £2.90, and the tax he would have to pay on [be re- maining 15,000 would only be £75, such individual would naturally reason tlius; “ If I choose to let 2,500 acres at 6d. per acre, that will free me of the tax; I sllalhstill have £250 of clear rent,’ and may lease the remaining 12,500 acres at 25. 6d. per acre, as fast as I can find men so circumstanced that they must take land of me. or some one of my brother proprietors, must promise more than one half of them can perform, or must crawl out ofthe countr ." .