l’ Ab E FUUR

THF. GUARDIAN

Morning Dally ll-‘uuiuled in usury Authorised II hflrlrllll Clan Mull. Punt Olliao Department, Ottawa.

The lolilud (ruursllun Publlohiug Co.

Iuullllf lull] sluiiuglug ulrevrur. J. ti. Burnett: Aaaurlrslo Editor. Frank Walks!

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest lnk."

CHARLUTIIYPUWN. 111111150X; srsFr‘. 30.11943

The Berlin Airlift

lt is anticipated at Ottawa that the breakdown of the Western-Russian negotiations may involve the sending of Canadian transport planes or air- men-or both-to take part in the international aerial effort to meet the Soviet land blockade. The Dominion Government had previously ‘re- jected participation in this activity for a variety of reasons, none of which perhaps has impressed our neighbors to the south or our kinsmen over- seas with the sincerity of our claims to be putting our full weight into the scales for world peace Ind security.

Russia's land blockade of Berlin has now last- ld three months. lt is a safe assumption that Moscow thought it would have starved Berlin lnto submission long before this and compelled the western powers to accept a German settle- ment dictated by Russia and based upon the blackmail of human suffering. Nothing of the kind has happened. The Russian blockade has been successfully defied by the ingenuity and power of the democratic nations in supplying Berlin from the air. Despite the blockade, con- ditions are now demonstrably better in western Berlin than in the eastern part of the city or- cupied by the Russians.

When the blockade began, there was just over ll month's supplies in the beleaguered city in possession of the French, British and U.S. mili- tary authorities. Today there still are reserve supplies that can last for thirty days or so in an emergency, and daily shipments by air are grow- lng steadily. The record shipment came recently when 895 aircraft from the U.K. and U.S. brought 7,000 tons of cargo to western Berlin in 24 hours. More than 650 separate flights were required Never in peace-time has there been such a for- midable display of air power, a lesson that will not be lost either on the German people or upon the rulers of Russia.

The minimum supplies needed bY “leslelll B?"

lin amount to 4,000 tons daily, Recently the daily average has been 500 tons above that target. Ra- tions have been cut and services curtailed, but western Berlin is doing much better than any- one would have predicted months ago. The most serious problem now, as winter ap- proaches, is that of fuel. lt is much easier to drop food from the sky than cool. Yet even this problem, on which the Russians still believe the air lift will disintegrate, shows signs of being mastered. The record flight, already mention- ld, included more than 5,500 tons of coal in its cargo. This is one of the practical achievements on which U.S. and U.K. officials rely when they ray that the air lift will be able to meet the severe strain of supplying the western zone with food and fuel in the critical winter months. Whether or not Canada decides to participate. this policy will be pursued; but surely there is no reason why we should hesitate to give what assistance is required as a token of our recogni- tion of the responsibilities ta which we stand committed.

Rhodes Scholarships

This month nine young Canadians are leav- ing for Oxford University to take up the Rhodes Scholarships to which they were appointed al- most a year ago. With the single exception of Prince Edward lsland they are representative of all Provinces of Canada; two are from Quebec, two from Ontario and one each from the other Provinces. Time was when this Province also sent its Rhodes Scholar-elect, but for some reason which has never been adequately explained, this privilege has been lost to us in recent years. lsland candidates, it is true, may apply for tho New Brunswick or Nova Scotia scholarship, but the chance of them obtaining either would be slim indeed. There are no examinations. The can- didates are chosen on their academic records. on personal testimonials submitted by at least 11X referees, and on personal interviews by "the local selection committee," consisting of from five to seven persons. .

The scholarships are regarded as the best plum in the academic field. They are tenable at Ox- ford and are for the normal value of £400. How- ever, living costs have necessitated temporary additional grants to bring this rum up to £500. They are awarded in the first instance for two years, extension for a third year being condi- tional on work and conduct. The scholars to be elected this year must go into residence at Ox- ford in October, 1949. Applications for election from Nova Scotia are now being received and lt is expected that an appointment will bc lhade early in December.

Best known Prince Edward lsland Rhodes Scholar of other years is our present Chief Jus- tice and former Premier, Hon. Thane A. Camp- bell, LL.D. (1917). The following list of other ls- landers to win this distinction, with the years of

. their scholarships and subsequent occupations,

was published some years ago in the Education- ol Review:

W. E. Cameron (1904), principal of St. Mary's College, Calgary, died 1933; L. Brehaiit (1905), educationist, for five years professor of Greek at University of Saskatchewan; A. G. Cameron (1905), lawyer, British Columbia; R. A. ~D. Gillis (1907) physician, Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. Leitch (1908), oducationist; J. Daly (1909), formerly dean of College of Medicine, University of Detroit, and later of Toronto; D. C. Harvey (1910), provincial archivist for Nova Scotia, former history profes- sor at Universities of Manitoba and British Col- umbia, author of "The French Regime in Prince Edward lsland" and other historical works; H. C. Worrburton (1911), drowned ill November, 1917,

on active service in Nigeria; A. L. Collett (i913), died of wounds ori active service, September, 1917; A. T. Seaman (1914) Canadian Civil Ser- vice; A. A. Paoli (1915), f“. not take up scholar- ship; C. A. Simpson (1911 . l:r l '2 years Rector of St. Alban's Church, V/sudside, N S., later Pro- fessor at General‘ Theological Seminary, New York; J. W. Godfrey, barrister a"' lecturer at Dalhousio University; J.J.R.H. tying (1920), former professor at St. Dunstan; University and teacher at Royal Military Coll~ai Kingston, died in motor accident August 1S1); Edgar Mclnnes (1923), head of Department of History, Toronto University; R. H. Norton (1925), Professor of History at Grinnell College, Iowa. There seems to have been no Prince Edward lsland appoint- ment since the latter date.

tDITURlAl. NOTES

The end of a brilliant month with four days

exception.

w o c f:

Premier Jones in Ottawa, though not for the Conservative Convention, seems to think Mf- 10h" Diefenbaker would be o better choice for Conser- vative Leader than Premier Drew, though, for his own part, he would prefer a horseman of the type of his neighbor, Mr. Willard Kelly.

I R i i

Her Excellency Viscountess Alexander of Tun-' is, wife of the Governor General and Premier Maurice Duplessis of Quebec will receive hon- orary degrees of LL.D. from McGill University ot the annual Founder's Day Convocation on Oct. 6.

I

Prime Minister King spoke for Canada at the General Assembly of the United Nations on Tuesday and he carried a message which should increase the respect with which this country is viewed by other nations.

a 1r a

¥ Pf l D lt is the old story—taxes once imposed come to stay. Revenue Minister J. J. McCann stated in Halifax the war-born "pay-as-you-owe" system of income tax collection, instituted during the war, will probably continue. He said the some methods will be used in Newfoundland when the colony is admitted to confederation. Yt l’ I Q The Progressive-Conservative national conven- tion‘ formally opens today. Picking a leader is of course the convention's most publicised task. Perhaps of even greater importance is its work on resolutions, defining the Party's stand on the many vital questions of the day. Q t Q l‘

Charlottetown citizens will soon have the op- portunity of regularly donating blood for the saving of civilian lives as they did for service- men in wartime. Also, they will have the assur- ance that should they need it blood will be im- mediotely available to save their own lives. i W I "h

The General Council of the United Church has good reason for protesting against a re- ported proposal of Ottawa to cancel income tax exemptions on clergymen's homes. The manseprectory or parsonage is another field of the clergyman's lcPbours which he is as much

required to use as the doctor his clinic.

rv n- a

The Maritimes are so accustomed to the pro- cess of losing by the movement of emigrants that the Minister of Veterans Affairs’ call for immigration from Northern Europe and the Brit-- ish Isles is a little startling. The Hon. Milton F. Gregg, V. C. was suggesting a practical way to Maritime prosperity. We certainly have the resources to support a much greater popula- tion and we will never develop industry to any cxtent until we have ci local market.

u w w n

Earl Roberts of Kandahar, V.C., 1st. Earl, Brit- ish soldier, born this date 1852. Distinguished himself in lndia where in the lndian mutiny he won the V.C. at Khudagari in January 1858. He playccl a leading part in all succeeding wars down to Grcat War l. When the lndian soldiers arrived on the Western Front he said: "l must go and sce the lndian soldiers; it is the most useful thing l can do at this moment." He ar- rived in France, Nev_ ll, 1914, saw the soldiers next day, but contracted a chill, and died within sound of the guns at 8 P.M. on Saturday, No- vember 14. He was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.

Ar i‘ W A‘

Many will be sorry to learn that Mr. George Black, veteran member of Parliament fcr the Yukcn, plans to retire from the political field. "l'm going to settle down to my law practice in Whitehorse," he said in an interview. "Now tl-nt th:y'vc enlarged the Yukon constituency to include the Mackenzie riding, it's too big for one map." A Yukon pioneer, Mr. Black, now 75 years eld, arrived in Ottawa for the Progressive Con- servative convention. He was first elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative member in 1921, and during a lengthy illness was repre- sented in the House by his wife, Margaret Ann Black. She was elected in the 1935 general el- ection, rotiring in 1940. ln the same year, Mr.

Black was re-elected.

w o n a

Mr. l-leniming will be pleased to learn that Nova Scotia is taking his advice with regard to agricultural development. An extensive scheme aimed at making Nova Scotia self-sufficient in dairy production is in the experimental stage at Kentville agricultural college. Under the new program high-protein feed, needed to produce dairy products, hogs, poultry, etc. in quantity and quaiiiv, Wfllllfl be grown right on the spot. This would remove the necessity of following the costly procedure of imparting feed grains from central and western Canada —a proced- ure involving high costs for the grain itself and also increased freight rate costs. If the pro- gram gets resirlts—and early indications are that it will-the province would find it cheaper to produce its own beef, pork, butter, milk and eggs than impart them from other provinces. Mr. Hamming in our columns, has advocated such

a policy.

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Stafford Cripps’ Address At Margate

l1

“We have no more resources of manpower to throw in to increase our production-and yet we must increase it. at all cost. as we must continue increasing our exports to close the gap and we must make more for the home market hath to take the place of imports that. we do not buyrfo help balance our‘ accounts and to improve our stan- dard of living.

"Vifa are some wrsy along the road to recovery and we mustn't let. up at. this stage-—\ve must per- sist in those policies that. have proved so successful over the last 12 months.

"But. now a new stage in our ef- forts has to be developed. We have used rill our manpower and even imported quite a lot to help us from Europe. We must remem- ber that we are not paying our way internationally -— we are buy- in); a great deal more overseas than we are able to pay for out of our own production effort. That of course is why we are feeling rather hard up~you always do when you nre frying to live above your moans.

"lf in those conditions we were to regard the increased difficulty

lng the cost, of production go up we slioulrl inc-rely be making n certainty that the real value of wages went down.

“We only have to look n1 the figures of distributed corporation profits and compare them with the amount spent ori wages iilld salar- ics to know flint llicrc is no sub- staintinl relic-f to bc olrlzurioil from tlml source. lit-re are tlic figurcn: "iii 101T r-irrparntinn profits (lis- lriliuicil 11S iliviilciids rimaunlcil lo £1120 iiiilliurir: iiflcr‘ (leduclion of lri.\. (This is a rough lil‘O\'l$lb11itl osliiivilo ririil niuy bc ll1i0l‘f‘f1 ivlion n morn l“.l‘l'l figure illlS 1lf‘t‘ll work- (‘ll out. bu! lira change will nut. be ifll'_','(‘ ciiuuzli lo affect ilic paint l lllll llillhillg.) 'l‘liis £7.20 millions compares with a total for ivugcs after rlcrluction of tux of £3,261 millions. nirrl for. siilnrics ori the sumo busts of 111.435 millions. So the figure of profits distributed by corporations is about onc-lontli the tofiil of vviigr-s rind ub-"iuf a fif- teenth of wages rind salaries com- irincil. S0 tlizit. even if corporation profits WON‘ reduced by n quarter -a very drastic cut-it. would mean rm average addition to wages rind siilzivics of no more than 4d. in tlic pound.

"What if comes to is this. there is only n certain sized cake to be divided up and if a lot of people want. a larger slice they can only lukc ll. from others who will 1n terms of real incomes have a smut-

ler one.

"There ls only one way by which we can. with a given volume of employment, increase our real standard of living and that ls by each of us producing more or in other words putting up our pra- ductlvliy. There ls no other ans- wc-r. The next. stage therefore in our progress is to increase the volume of our production and that will also help us to keep down prices. and so increase reel warren and markets for our exports. We must gel. more per men year per lit-ad of population, and quite a lat. more; to clan the gap with the exiltlng terms of trade we need at least the increase 1n volume of export: over 1938 that wrsl let out ln the lest Economic Survey al well ol l. substantial increase in our own domestic supplies. We have already gone some way; for the 2nd quarter of this year ex- portl were 134%. That can be done In only twa‘woyl. Either we must use more muscle or more brain and I am 1n favour of more

brain. I would rather lee the in-

of prvving our way, as individuals, or nationally, as a reason for mak- .‘.leps to organize parallel and Co.

froductlon of new methods and new machinery than longer hours of work.

"But more brain means we have got to use our brains-all of us. And ive must use our brains in the direction of higher productivity ln- r eluding the removal of all those old-fashioned rules and regulations that can hamper n higher effici- ency. In this both sides of industry can and must help. The conditions in which the maximum productiv- ity‘ can he nfluincd are quite dif- fcrcnl from those designed to mitigate mass unemployment. Full employment if if is to succeed as u policy must. have suitable con- ditions pravirlcd for it, and today that certainly moans highly effici- crit industries. Fortunately quite a lot of that. has been done already and we can get great encourage- mcnt from the many examples there are in our awn country. where quite remarkable results have been achieved. Success in in- creasing productivity depends upon harrl thinking and planning and good teamwork. The workers have as much to contribute as the man- agements and technicians and pro- ductivity can only be increased smoothly and successfully on the basis of joint planning and joint consultation. You can't impose ef- ficiency either governmenlally or manngerlally-ic has got to be the outcome of concerted plans by all the partners in industry and they must be real partners.

“Thzit is why I am glad that the T. U. C. and the F. B. I. are taking

ordinnted action in all our princi- pal _ll1(.1llSfl‘i6S to bring home to every unit of production, big and Ismail alike, the need to match up their performance to the best ln ‘the industry. a | “I uni very conscious of the dif- jfivuliios that. there are because of ,Olfl—f1lSlll0l1(‘(1 buildings. out-of-dalc- lllll('illlll"l‘_\’ iiriil. somctlnrcs, short- zigcs ul’ riiw iiuiferials. 'l‘liese arc purl of ilic difficulties through wliicliuspo have f0 brittle. Wc plan .lhis _\‘l‘i.ll‘ to spend something like ,£2.U(ll) millions on capital invest- IIHOITL in this coitntry-ure can‘! squeeze out. any more eithef" in materials like steel and timber or iii ll1l|llpl)\\'f‘l‘ if we are to keep our- selves going with foodstuffs and raw materials by our exports-as we must. ll is undoubtedly is great iinndicnp that we can't. have iiic- most up-to-dafe buildings and mircliinery-Was one day we will have for all our industries. It. is a grave disadvantage to that lcan’! have all the pipe ‘lines full of raw materials so there is never any need to hold up production or I1OW flown the flow. We've done our best in these matters. limiting our effort. only by the need to feed our people. » v "But these limitations must not he allowed to become an excuse for doing nothing. We isll know that a great deal can still be done to increase productivity in most ln- dustrlel without any considerable new capital expenditure and with the existing manpower that. ll available. You only have to com- pare the best with the worst pro- duction units to realize how much increase tn production there could be it all were up to the standard of the best, and that ts no Utopian or unobtainable standard. It ll whiit ls in feat being accomplish- ed clay by day in this country al- ready. It is only those molt. bank- rupt of ideas who insist that. the only way to increase production ls to make other people work hard- er and longer hours. That. ll not intelligence, it is laziness of mind. "So what. I want to llk you to do ll to turn your mlndl to this all-important. problem in which you, as a body of leaderl both to the whole Trade Union movement and tn your leporata untonl, can do lo much. "The time till not yet come when we can ooy with confidence and with pride-es we thrill one day -- that we have not only brought about our awn full recov-

Wl‘ LSSUSBKES W611

loci

GAIVELE R'S CHART

None can enrnesh the future —no'. the strong Nor yi-t the crafty nor the careful

nLse. None can predict tomorrow's surfs sure rise Upon his vision, nor the sight of long Blue shadows marking this day's end. The bright. Brief moment. may be always . . . time imisy run ’I‘o old age. sitting sluggish in the

sun.

Noddtng fantastic dreams of past. delight.

Lnto the strange uncertain are we born,

No minute ours past what the clock ticks now.

We shut our ears against the dist- ant. vow,

And finrl within ourselves courage- ous will

To map our course across is star- capped hill.

-Dorothy Bolcourl: in The Lantern. l - Sausage In History

(Winnipeg Free Press)

In Jermyn street, London, the other a clay, o. commemorative plaque was unveiled to Thom s Wall. who was born there in l8 and who ls known to history a: the man who made sausages o. popular food. Thomas Wall, un- doubtedly inherited s. certain skill with sausages, his grandfather. Richard Wall, having held the royal appointment. of "Pork-ln-or- dlnary." to King William IV. Thomas Wall inherited the pork business when sausages were o. luxury for the few. At his death and largely because of his efforts sausages had become e common dish. In accomplishing this. Mr._ Wall made o. fortune and gave large sums of money to good causes. Perhaps unjustly, he is re- membered more for hls gifts than for his sausages.

Ii; is interesting 1.0 note, tn the discussion of the Wall plaque, that. first. recorded in England in 1450. The sausages of that. day. says the Manchester Guardian, was mode of ground pork and eggs, encased in a moon's neck, the whole, "varnish- cd with batter of eggs and flour to serve in hail or else in bower.”

tlon but also that we hove ploy- ed a large part in helping the rest} of the world to that recovery. We‘ mule ltill exercise the reltrelnta and make the effort: that are eo- lentlal to our continued progress Bu! there ll now this difference; we know that the