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i'iiE BIMRLOTTETIWIII Gllllilllli

President-W. Chester S. aichure, ll. P.

Viee-Preaidont-J. B. lluruei!

Secrctary-l.lcut.-(.‘ol. D. A. llacKlnnou, D, B, O, Editor and Managing Director-J. li. Burnett

Associate Editors-Frank

Walker and D. K. (‘urrie

Morning Daily (founded 188T) 05.00 per year (in advance) delivered. 01.50 par year (in advance) mailed in Canada and United States.

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE!

- UNITED STATEQ-The Beckwith Special Agency Inc.

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WEDNESDAY, JANUARY n, 1m.

CANADIAN PORTS

During the Great War, just before the Urzited $58M!» found her'_soul, all men, munitions and supplies wen perforce shipped to Great Britain from Maritime ports. It would have been ii, breach of her then much cherished policy of neutrality for the United States to llnnlt her railways and ports to be used for the purpose of silccoring and supplying the Allies. Our rall- ways and Maritime ports proved vdaquate, and no protest was heard from any quarter. No sooner did the United States join forces with us than the claim was put forward and acquiesced in, that American rall- ways and ports slioilld not only lllare 1n, but get the major part of lhipmcnis from Ontario and points west.

The Inter-Imperial conference at Ottawa decided linailimoilslyt that Canada should have preference over foreign ports, mid adjusted the imperial tariff accordingly. certain interests, having Emerican affilia- tions, have bccn urging that this preference should be withdrawn and the old polcy of American ports for Canadian exports re-approved.

It is in these circumstances that tlte Maritime division of the Can- ldiarl Press, a cooperative, non pol- ltcal organization, t iprisiilg in its membership the leading daily newspapers, has at its meeting in Halifax, lliiilllllllflllSlfy’ gone oil record ‘n favour of Canadian ports for Uanad an exports. -

THE NEW HOPE

Mr. Albert H. Wiggiii, in his val- sdlotory report as chairman of the Governing Board of the Chase Na.- tzonal Batik, presented tzl stockhold- ‘rs yzx-tcztlaf, dtchlrcd that tlierc is I new" hope ill tile ivarld, although zollditlons still rcmnin very depres- vd and politlial (l fficiiltics, nation- ll zrrd lillflllih. are lillllit-rous.‘

"Tile panic of ilic .- "inc, mid ctirly said Mr. “liggin. greatly in

itiznnier is c'vc:',"' ‘Financial confidence lnlprcvcd. Fcr the filii. ‘filffC years we lznzl. in ilie autumn of 1032, a better lilaii seasonal im- provcmrilt iii l:

has time

rcss. “W0 arc p.‘ lg from the period at (‘lllifgfillfy (“st-tilt (ll‘\".f‘f.i--~RCC0ll- liuirticil l-‘Lnailce C~¥l‘{)i7l'2l'.i0ll, nior— ltafzl, staildstils. and the like-into s, period where the bzlrszs of credit can lic restored by opening mark- ets, siarfiilg til: movtmcii‘. oi‘ izoods, DfllélllCiilg budgets, and giving the good prices by restoring their export market. Laiisaiilie was

farmers

.hc startLiig p0 iii."

"TFO sweeping \'lf‘l2l‘_\' o! Uoi'cril0i' Roosevelt and the Dcmoclzl 'c party restores unity to our Government, giving us President, Senate and l-louse of tile ranlc party allcl facll~ itating prompt ziiltl tlccisvc action. l8 fonshadows a change iii our for- eign trade policy through the rc- tlmociil lowering of tariffs at home and abroad, ltlzldailiciital to the restoration of export trade, which would proclaice a rally in farm prices and raw material prices and thus restore our fiflllldsilC- market lor matliifilciul-ctl goods.

“The deadlock rcspccililg iiitcral- tied debts, which is so great a. deter- rent to our trade rcvlval, is also made tn look miich more prom slug by Governor Room-cells statement that tile Congress has not limited and cannot limit ille power or the President to negotiate with foreign powers, even tllouch it retains tilt: bower to ratify financial arrange- merits wlrch he may negotiate with them.

"Lausarinc represented an nenae forivaid step, and tile good lpirlt manifested by France there iliould be borne in mind by our oeople when they condemn the re- trcltnblc French dcftiuli of Deccmb- ‘ u 15th. It is far more to our inter-

Oill‘

im-

est to let our foreign policy be ani- mated by admiration of England's loyal payment under great financial difficulties than to let that. policy be animated by resentment toward France. Neither in France nor in the United States was public opinion made ready for a. proper handling of the December 15th crisis. Our own democracy will make some allowance for the difficulties of democratic goverriznneb -in Frailce. and will accord respect to the French Cab- inet which staked its existerice- -un- sucdessfully-on the proposal to nay."

"All good bankers, dealing with embaraxed but honest and com- petent debtors, consider such coin- pmmlses as are necessary. They collect all that they can, but they usually expect to recover most. by keeping the debtor a ‘going con- cern.’ A creditor of a good tanner embarrassed by the break in farm prices will, for his own ilrotcctioil, g0 very far in the cfiort to keep the farmer on the land as an iii- forested and responsible owner. It is very generally to the creditor's ad- vantage to do this. Our creditor govenment, dealing with a forc‘gl1 government debtor. should apply the same general principles, with al- lowance for certain important dif- ‘filréllCi-ZS, among them the facts that in relations between governments bankruptcy courts do not exist, that the creditor government must con- sdcr public opinion not only within its borders but also in the debtor country, and that the action of the creditor govcmmetlt can have a profound and far reaching effect upon the general economic situation of the creditor country and of the whole world such as the action of an individual debtor would not have. But the general principle of working things out from the stand- point of what is good business for the creditor, and recognition that it is good business for the creditor in a high percentage of cases to keep his debtor a. ‘going concern’ and to permit that debtor to hold lip his head and retain his self reqicct, apply ill both cases."

Tlicsc arc gOOd words, excellent advice and sound common sense.

FISHERMEN HELPED

flcvordiiig t0 the Fisheries News Bulletin the work undertaken by. the Dominion Department; of Fish- cries to enable fishermen to ktcp in touch witliilnprovemeilis in handing and processing fish is bringing tangible results, Letters have recently reached the depart- ment testifying to the usefulness of these efforts. In carrying on {hi5 work the oificers give information by ‘iieans of demonstration as lvcii as by word of mouth. and fishermen gcilcrelly‘ are mo-"l rccept vc,

"One cf the lcltcrs received bv the department," says the Bulletin, "re- fers to improvement in the quality of the dried codfish processed in the Magdalen Islands where, {or ‘gfjYerfll 593-50115 Dast, ti nlan skilled in pre- paring cod in what is known as the ‘(iaspc c170’ has been on duty to g v4‘ demonstrations alilflllfl the fish- crincli. The writer-of this lcilel- is n. 7511501‘ for a firm dealing in dried fish and he has written that in ex- amining ovci- 2,000 quiniaLs of cod in tlic Magduleils in recent months ill!’ found a. very great improvement in the fish as compared with other years. The fish were split nlticll better, he said, and showed lrtter care in the saltiilg. tilllat inlprtivc- merit in quality means, of Ofiilrst‘, is not Only a better product for the consumer but. better business the fishermen.

"Work undertaken by the Domiti- lvn Department of Fshcrles includ- es steps to enable fishermen to keep in touch with improvements in the methods o.’ handling and pro- ccsaiilg ash and several letters which

for

have recently reached the depart- ment froni different quarters have brought further testimony to the usefulness of these efforts, which are carried on in part by the reg- ular Fisheries Inspector's in the var- ious areas where fisheries administra- tlonisinfederal hands sndlnpartby other departmental employees ap- pointed for this particular purpose.

"Another letter came from a firm in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, whoa! business includes trade in dried cod. Ths firm acknowledged the helpful- ness oi the valuable advice given by one of the department's flah curing experts and. stated that the fisher- men kl its district have had proofs this fall of the importance of put- ting up first class goods.

"rhen, to cite a third cue, a. Mas- sachusetts company, which does a large fish importing business, wmtc that. ‘the work of departmental in- structorsvhas apparently had very satisfactory results as we are getting fish of the qualityiwhleh we must have in order to please our custom- ers.’ Perhaps even better evidmcfi of the effects of the department's work 1s found in the fact that a second Massachusetts company re- sumed buying this year in certain Nova Sootia. districts where it had done no business for a number of years because it had been unable to obtain cured fish to suit its le- quirements in those particular areas.

“Representatives of both these large United States companies made trips during the slimmer to Nova Scotia fishing communities ivllere departmental instructors have been at work and they expressed them- selves as inilch pleased with the products ivlrch they examined, And they did not stop at words, but they did bilslness at different places, and at some points at least negotiations regarding further purchases next. year iverc also begun." I

THE REAL POINT

The Times‘ attitude on the war debt question is one which must commend itself widely to intelligent American opinion. “Nothing is to be gained," says tlrs great organ 0f British. opinion, "by llarking back to the past and arguing over the responsibility for the present state of world trade and international finance. No one disputes what that slilfé is, and all that mattcrsnow is that the two countres which can most effectively contributeito its im- provement, should get together and discover how they can cooperate to the greatest advantage. This busin- ess is far too serious for Phrase- nlaking or for petty scores. America has her difficulties-ms great as our civil, perhaps even greater. She has her pohit of vew, which differs from ours but which must equally be taken into account. Arguments which sccm convincing i-o us may fail to make ally impression on the other side of the Atlantic. They may even produce an effect the very opposite of that which is intended. ‘There is no call for ally self-righteous as- sumption of superiority because the nlass of the American people are reluctant lo bl‘ c01ivinccd—v.'hat I. glen‘. litany people in this country still fall to understand-that, they stand to gain. not tofllosc, by rcmisson o.‘ debts which are para- lysing trade alld which cannot in fact lic paid."

EDITORIAL NOTES

li is a \\'(‘ll-RllO\\'ll legill maximum tlliit a eorporatioti has neither a body to be kicked 110i‘ a, soul to be saved.

The illness of Premier Harrington, Nova. Scotia, is to ‘be regretted, especially at this time, the cve of the Intcr-Provinc til Dominion Con- fcrcncc. Foriliiirlz-ely, 1v; was able w be present at the Conference here, and to ogre: to the "brief" for the Maritime ministers to argue from. Saint John iiiid Halifax are getting great credit {or being tllc busiest rmris on the Atlantic seaboard, this side oi New York. It is something they did not get without hard work, and unremitting effort. since 1923 both ports, but espeefally Saint John, have been everlasting, in‘ season and out of season, advertising their wares and lniltng upon their rights. _ ‘i I11";

4 . _ l

"~‘e‘!m4| ' "ti"

THE CHARLUPFETOWN GUARDIAN

NOTES BY TIIE WAY

There are, says an exchange, In- expllcnble things in. Ireland, mm‘; rooted deep in the centuries which no outlaiider may undereisrld, gnu it mly well be that ll. De Valera, with his dream of a self-contained Gaelic state, and his appeal to m. clent prejudices, may still be u» strong for Mr. Cosgravo, u; 1n m; Rodmovid mould, and looking only i0 the future and to an Ireland co- operating with the world. Pa: $111189! 9111188 have happened in Irish history.

Certain B. a Cohen, director or research of the General Post Ofllce, lmdml- hi" bwi Dwpllflving on telephony and ventures to state that in another fifty your time tele- Phlm? W111 he the chief medium of communication, and hi; "my" on the situation as at. ptggeng “any his vision of the future. At present, he Points out, about 31,000,000 sub- WLuW °P°Tlm18 about 90 per cent of the total world's telephones, can be Dilqed in direct communication with each other, and during m, n“; fifty sears the fiaure will gradually “Pplmwh 10° P" cent. Iondon has [$000010 H1O tkkphOIiiO cent}; of the world, and CBDiB-In Cohen believes il will remain so, that is, mi respects long-distance connections.

Ramm- Mwboneid. it is revealed. was responsible for only 83 columns of the British l-Iansard during the year ended in November. Hs ex- ample in limiting his parliamentary "ili-emllfies m18ht be recommended to some Canadian legislators who seem to consider it to be their duty b0 58y 8s miich as they can when- ever possible-Ex,

Not for a moment in any pfag- tlcable scheme of disarmament, can we separate the air-weapons, incom- parably sinister as they are, from the other fell instruments of scien- tflc ivar. If the nations mean peace there must be sacrifice all round. Mammoth battleships must be given up if submarines are to be suppress- ed. Tanks must go as well as the heavier guns, both military and naval. Yet all this by itself is lke proposing to mow down the tops of weeds without digging up the roots. Armaments are symptoms, not caus- es. The vital task is to begin to remove the active reasons for ar- maments and the potential causes of ultmate war. This is as plain as a plkesiaff. But to that end not a. finger has been lifted by responsible statesmanshlp in Europe since the end of the World War at "the elev- enth hour of the eleventh duy of the eleventh month" fourteen years ago.

In a review of lhrbtlslness situ- ation, the Dominion Bureau of Stat- ‘stics, Department of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, says: The im- pact of the depression in Canada was much less severe in the purely financial sphere than in the econ- omic, the soundness of the Canadian banking structure being undoubted- ly the most. important ind vlciual factor in saving the Dominion from the worst consequences o: the de- pression. While, in other parts of this continent banks have been tail- ing with melancholy regularity, there has nOi; been a suggestion of impairment o! the strong and healthy condition of the banks oi Canada. Truly, the banking instit- utions or the Dominion have been the sheet anchor of this country in these trying times.

There was obviously no truth in the freely circulated statement that the Ottawa trade agreements would obstruct busiless with other nations. Tile irutli is that the treaties sign- at the Imperal Conference have served to stimulate negotiations for treaties with other countries. For- c-ign nations were intrigued by the spectacle of all parts of all Empire, which covers a quarter of the world's surface, getting together for the common benefit of all. No sooner did the conclusions oi the Imperial Conference become pilblic property than the rest of the world began to hammer at. the Empires doors for admission. The United Kingdom was bombarded by such applications-n thing wlich iliifér occurred during three generations of free trade. So it is with Canada. Other nations soc the importance of trading with a young nation with vast natural resources, large buying powers in normal times, and an inside track on Enlplrc trade.

“r. Bennett, in explaining infor- mally llow Canada camc to put. up $625,000, made the point that this ivae lcally a business loan. Rghtly or wrongly, our Canadian credit is

_. nnyw/Y - ¢.-,.,..,,..

bound up with that. of Newfound- laud in the popular American view. The currency of Newfoundland largely consists of Canadian bank notes, and the only banking facil- ities are provided by br ‘ =- of Canadian chartered banks. 1i New- foundland had been allowed to default, American opinion would have regarded it as a reflection lip-

cil Canada, and our national credit

m4-<__._

PUBLIC FORUM

Ibis eelunin is of"! I" '5' illsouaalon b! --- MINI?!" ll questions or interest. The Charlottetown Guardian does not necessarily uutiflrle opinions of eorrenrlflrlflfl".

JURY SYSTEM

.Sir.—In your issue of tile 7th inst, "Justitia" pleads for the abolition of petty Juries

Because: -

lat. "Trial by Jury in P. E. I. is tending m,“ ’ rather than pro- tection and the sooner the system is abolished the safer it will be for the travelling public."

2nd. "Petty Jiu-ies do not at all times find accused persons guilty.

3rd. "It is necessary to remove all shackles ‘from agriculture."

4th. “As a measure of economy."

My answer follows: ,

lst. "No proof whatever is offer- ed for this statement, lienceit needs no further consideration."

2nd. It is a principle of law that every person is innocent until prov- en guilty.

Accused persons appearing before petty Juries have not had their cases tried previously.

A hearing was held before a mag- istrate. The Crown made out a prime. facie case before the grand Jilry. In‘ most cases no evidence for the defence was offered at either of these hearings. The petty Jury trier. the case hears the evidence for the defense, as well as for the prosecu- tlon and some times bring in a ver- dict of not guilty. '

Why have Juries, if they bring in a verdict of guilty?

How can a person be legally guilty until said person's guilt is provcn?

3rd. Not shown shackle agriculture.

4th. If "Justitiii." had stated what Juries cost the province, renders would then know what saving might be effected by their-abolition.

It would be almost as relevant to state the salary of the President of the United States as to state entire cost of administration of Justice. and it would be much more hon- est.

must

that Juries

I am, Sir, ctc., JURYMAN.

Georgetown, Jan. 9.

HELPING UNEMPLOYMENT

Sir,_-I would like to say some- thing in commendation of the ideas contaljcd in the letter of- J. A. Nicholson of Ellershc, which ap- peared in the Gilardian last week. Mr. Nicholson made three sugges- iioiis to help the slate of unem- ployment in Canada, which he liop- ed would be seen and considered by the Solons who have a nlR-ildnii! from the people ill tliosc fillies of stréss, 0o legislate fOi_' the good of the greater- number. His sugges- tions, although i-hey may 110W" u» ambitious and cvel nebulous and illusory to tiic man in the street, they might be both practic- able and feasible. Something dras- tic and heretofore illlki‘0wfl sliviild be done by those who have the power to do so, very soon. Desper- ate cases need desperate remedies. This is the moment for Canada to lead the ivorld in far reaching eco- nomic movements.

I-fis suggestions were: 1st, The Dominion Government to take over the mines (gold): 2, open tip the coal mines of Cape Breton and Nova Swtia proper on full time and secure markets for coal; 3, a gov- ernment inqtliry into the causes of the great difference in price to the producer of food stuffs and the price i0 the consumer, (or words to that effect).

In regard to the third ilroporal. on general principles of commercial trade, it is resolved in ilic last analysis, to the inexorable lilw of supply and demand, but if the mines were being all worked, manu- facturing industries would be work- ing full strength, and demand for food stuffs and materials of pro- ductlon would be created. All in- dustries would be boasted as l necessary consequence. since our high and mighty neighbor to the south has elected to kill us by attrition in" a trade way. by pro- hibitive tariffs, and make us beg for annexation, we have no alter- native btlt to make the bes‘. US" nf the things which God has given us, viz., an almost inexhaustible supply of minerals, hydro electric power, hard wheat, etc, ctc.,-trade within our own boundaries, be "Seinn Feinevs" in thc trite sense of the term. In the nuliter of dif- ferehces in prices to consumer and producer. it ought not. to be an impossible task for-a government commission, nr n branch of the machinery of govcrrimctit to look out for profitccrlng.

In regard to the second proposal l. e., Nova scoiia coal mines and the markethg of coal, I shou'd think it ought to be made practic- al by providing special freight rate;

would have suffered. It cost us some $025,000 to help Newfoundland. It would have cost us not. tlirulctlvids. but mlllicils of" dollars, to let llcr

default

\

on the railways to central Canada- Iiet Alberta. and B. C. mince supply the West. With reference to the first pro- poaal namely opening the‘ gold mines-or rather government own- ership;—I should think it ought g0 be possible. It should not be any harder than administrating 30,000 miles of railway. Where there is I will there is a way. but it would be a heavy proposition for the goverlr merit to discriminate between the mines and putative mines that B11 being held and not worked and the ones which are being worked in I reasonable way. A “clalm" is stak- ed and recorded at, the government recording office, it may be hPid f9? a. certain stated time and u 6"‘ taiil stated value of “representa- tlon" work must be Deliflmlfd d“ it Ln order to hold ii.‘ Mifi‘ 50ml! years of this a. "patent" may be given outright by the fivemmem- It is really not a mine in the true sense of the word until it i188 been "proven". It may be what is termed a "wildcat" in mining parlance. Ii would seem almost impossible-and it would not be right for the gov- ernment to take over the mines which are working and for which patents have been granted, but there are large tracts of mint?!“ bearing ground lleld by a few i11- dlvidiials irl areas ivhlcli are known to be highly inilierallzed~MaJiy of those ought to be taken over. The discoverer could be allowed one or two good claims. I! memory SPWB5 right, according to the account of the rich discoveries. of radium. gold and silver in the Great Bear Lake region, written in Molar-IVS some time H80. 9- WmPB-Yauvely few oi’ ihe first arrivals gobbled up a large area of Hi4; new Eldorado- m the Klondike in earl)’ “its aw“ miner was allowed to stake only 0H0 claim-there was good reason I01’ that law-the country was full 0f miners and prospectors, and the claims were thought to be all rich. In the strike made in the interior of Labrador B. couple o! years use. the , Newfoundland Gover l meni stood pat for nearly two years, tilt?" gave leases to a wmllilflilv" few for a very large area of the sul)" posed mineral belt. The long wait by the Government looks fishy- looks as if there's something rotten in the administration of mlniT-E business in the state of Newfound- land. It. is quite possible that l‘ rich strike has been made in Labra- dor. ft may be an out-crvilvl"! 0! the “Pre Cambrian shield" which surrounded Hudson BBY like '* giant horseshoe. ti-ine covernmwt would embark on such 8 P101969- no doubt the first move would be to "grub-take" and send out 5 smnll army of qualified nrosnvcimt with pupils to learn the ' and aeroplanes with expert mine!‘ to observe the bald formation in otherwise inaccessible planes. Rock formations bearing iron and comm‘ are easily discernible from n "ii:- tance-rilst and verdlgris are vis- ible. Piich blende (radium) has a certain dark cast on the rook for- mation. The northern part of Ooh’ ado, is immense in extent and ac- cording to Burwash and other ex- plorers is highly minerBl-ized- WM‘ son Fyfe, now living Ln P. E. Isllnfi a. pioneer of the McKenzie and Yukon trails, told the writer that llc passed by a veritable mountain of gaiena (silver and lead) far up the McKenzie. The noifllflm D5" has bccii little prospect/Bd- Th0 Hudson Bay. slope of the Labrador divide has not been prospected to any extent. If the Dominion GOV- emment would engage 500 acro- plflllbg manned by about 2,000 pill? pcctors to explore for minerals- givc the discoverers of mines n percentage of the cleanup when the mine is working. it would be adding materially to the wealth and well being of thtrcountry. I am, Sir, etc.