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n-"‘.""--““'7='-‘-‘-‘-"-""‘=--ii-°- "181 cusncorrnrown, CANADA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 1, 1926 ;;--_-,-_u-_---,_-;_-;,~_--_-__»-,-,g-;q-g_ 3-3

A Happy and Pr

osperous New Year To

Ail

Over Mosul-General Election in the Dominion Leaves The Political

Imlnigrants—New Year Opens With Canada Con

“THE WHIRLIGIG or 'rms*'

Locarno: A New Spirit Is Born Among The Natiofihs -

_ Disarmament Brought Nearer To Practical Reallty-Canadafs Great Harvest-A Troubled Ye

ar For France--War Roars Its- Ugly Head Situation Clouded—Fewer fident And Determined.‘ ‘-

1925

_ 0.11.1111. G=ekneral Election

This was election year In ed that he would r '

tothe “sins, “atP fiOnt

on September 5th. Polling took .piace en October 29th with the result that while the Conservative representation was largely increased and

tra Liberal and Progressive "wresentatione decreased, ne party had

majority, and Premier King, after consultation with hie Cabinet, agreed to remain in olfloe until he has Iiearned the wishes of the new Parlia-

ment, The new session is to begin on Thursday, January 7th. At the time of the appeal the standing of the parties was as follows

‘L I bera la Progressives Conservatives Labor . . . . . . , . . . . Vacant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

The result of the polling (including the lay-election held at Bagot,

Quebec, on December 7th, was as follows:

Prov. Libs. Cons. Prog. Labor Ind. Total

P. E. l. 2 0 0 0 4

b N. B. . 1o o o 0 11 _' N. B 11 0 0 0 14 I Que, 4 4 o 0 1 55 Ont. 69 l 0 0 82

l MIIL . . . . .. 1 1 2 o 11 sank. 0 c , 0 o ' 21

l Al“, _ 3 9 0 O 16 I. C. . 10 1 0 0 14

' Yukon 1 9 9 o 1 t Totals 117 24 2 1 246

This total Includes in the Liberal column, J. E. Dbuue, the inde- ', and -M. G. Evanturei, elected as

r ».. "ma", -. . . Until.) A! an lledapelldcnt-LlbOrll in Prescott.

Canada. ‘Premier Mackenzie King announc-

* FIVE GREAT wolufrnostlzus or TODAY

-‘ Locarno

Tile Locarno conference and the

treaties which were signed at that little beauty spot lll Switzerland was tile outstanding event during 1925, in the history of Europe and 1 in the re-estabiishlng of a balance of power there that had occurred since the signing of the Versailles Treaty. When the representatives of the Great Powers were discussing the terms of the treaty that were aftsr- wards ratified at Versailles in 1910. France demanded some guarantee against invasion by Germany on her eastern boundary. Twice in less than hall’ a century ‘German soldiers had crossed the ‘Rhine in aggressive warfare on France and French statesmen asked that some steps be taken to prevent a third invasion or to make it at least a most dangerous undertaking for the llggressors. Tile result was France, - Britain and the United States agreed to a treaty by which tile latter two countries would come to the aid of ‘France in case of German aggression. This treaty. although agreed to at ‘Paris and slgnctl at Versailles was rejected by the United States and never became operative, '

BANK CL EARIINGS

When France saw that there was little or no chance of this Treatyol’ Security being effective she cast around for solne other means to guarantee her country against ull-

1924 1925 January ...................... ..e1,so9e421ze 1 10102199 "mviiked "ilack- H" “"7 “w. agm-“ry _ _ __ 1378;550:077 $1§°9k27k72 the ‘Ruhr and her occupation o1 arch‘ . 1,114,219,010 1,19s,145,es9"’—'—'“_ "' “m

Arr" .. 1,209,099,549 1,210,119,239 L O C A R N O Jilly . 1,491,525,129 1,941,990,990 - ,

June .. . 1,250,902,914 1,240,019,019

.101,- . 1,401,414,059 1,990,190,491 .

Avon-t . - .. 1,252,549,000 1,249,101,224

September . .. 1,994,059,044 1,352,919,110

October .. 1,111,909,402 1,110,100,155

November . .. 1,041,194,294 1,010,194,994

December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,708,934,159 . . . . . . . . . .,

Where the Imports Co me From - 1924-1925

weeks before the armistice with

Germany ill 1918. The two ‘next

From United From United ‘From other years were spent by Britain in coll-

Kingdom, Stgteg Countries, solidnting her military positions and

Akrlculture and Vegetable Products..$28,602,525 $81,368,503 $76,497,657 flllillfillllg her political relations Animals and Animal Products . . . . . .. 4.287.455 32,957,873 8,381,406 with the frontier tribes of the re- Flbres and Textiles .. 72,284,366 74,763,838 26,747,458 Elfin north of Mosul with the 0b- Wood, Wood Products and Paper . . 3,061,219 36,062,769 1,852,845 jsct of ‘finding o line which she Iron and its Products . . . . . . . .. 18,241,866 152,176,749 3,054,888 001110 rollllllv defend and Whlcllnt Non-Ferrous Metals and their Products 4,209,506 36,204,118 3,018,993 the some time would not cut Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . 4,203,326 18,400,812 3,474,903 B6708’! ill-Nil bfllllldllflefl- ll W914 Miscellaneous . ............... .. 9,244,111 91,211,409 5,149,291 i1‘ ‘unfortunate tor the Great Powers N» that they were so busy wrangling

HARVEST or i925

Th0 total wield for Canada of the principal grain, pol ltzl. root and fodder crops for 1925 ls estimated as follows:

Average yield

per acre

1925 1924 i025 1924

Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus.

Fall Wheat . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 22,921,000 22,294,000 28.0 28.8 Spring Wheat. ..399.406,001'l 239,803,000 18.9 4.3 All Wheat . . . . . ..422,327,0li0 282,097,000 19,2 11.9 Oats . . . . . , . . . . 521,922,000 405,976,000 35.6 28.0 Berle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113,118,000 88,807,000 2T8 26.1 All Rye (Spring and Fall) 14,434,000 iIi,750,90li 16.9 15.4 Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt.

POtBLOBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44,497,000 50,648,000 81.5 100.9 Ttlrnlps, Mangolds . . . . . . . .. 35,622,000 47,200,980 174.3 205.1 Tolls. Tolls. Tons. Tons

Ho)’ and Clover . . . . . . . . . .. 15,902,000 14.961130!) 1.57 1.57 lfalfa . 1,448,000 1,256,800 2.21 2.65 FodderCorn 5.413.000 5.740.700 8.44 7.99 Sugar Beets 415,000 334.000 11.00 9.28 The total estimated yield of 113112411111; bushels constitutes a

wheat ls the second largest on l-e- record lhe previous best being 88,- cord for Canada, the previous hlgh- 807,000 bushels in 1924. est total having been 474,199,000

bushels in 1923. cords were in 1982, sis): i921. 301

Other high re- (899 mill buah- was the output ill the three prairie mill bushels); 1915. provlnceszv

Ol‘ the wheat crop ill

e foiiowink

(393 mill bushels.) The total oi 192.". 192i 521,922,000 bushels of oats has only Manitoba . ...:l9.96:!.00l) ‘l1,464.000 been exceeded twice in 1928. (564 Saskatche-

mill bushels) and 1080 (531 mill wan . . . . ..240,5fi1,000132,918,000 biilhelfl-l The yield of barley. Alberta .....ll4.043,00ll 01,912,000

lit, Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain, to whom much 0f the credit for success of Looarno is clue.

more ‘French territory was all ex- pression of her feeling of disap- pointment alld her determination to act alone if needs be. Thereafter she entered into negotiations and formed alliances with Poland and the other members of the Little Entente. Great lBrltlan was fully determined not to have ally binding alliance with any ContlnelltslPow- or fearing that it might restrict her liberty of action in the event. of war, Germany on the other llalld refused to accept as u permanent status tile occupation of the Rhine or her present boundaries llli the Eastern frontier. Poland and Creche-Slovakia would accept p0 solution which disputed their own boundaries or deprived them of the security they had through tho alli- ance with Frsnce ngnlnst attack by Germany.

Cause of Success.

The success of illB Locurllo coll- feronce was that it round n way to allow all concerned to maintain their positions, hut llfilfiifllileflii to find some basis of procedure in case of attack. Britain agreed to guarantee the flerlnan-French-llel-

the holding of the lnlusanne Con- fsrence.

Mosul was one of the leading if not dominant issue. and Article Three of tho Treaty then drawn up stipu- lated as follows:

glan frontier against aggression on either side. ‘France agreed to withdraw her troops gradually from the Rhine zone and still keeps her Eastern ‘alliances. Germany has her French frontier guaranteed and fitiS herself of the French oc- cupatloll. She agrees also to come into tile League and in the League she will have an opportunity of agitating for u change in her east- ern boundaries. .It is something like rival insurance companies agreeing to reinsure their risks with one another.

Neither the Pact nor any of the six subsidiary treaties will have the effect of outlawing war. in polllt ‘of fact. with a commendable frankness. the Treaty makes it clear that there are circumstances in which war is legitimate. The object of the treaties is to define clearly’ wllat those, circllnlstancesl are alld do everything conceivably possible to prevent tho creation and developlllolll of war-brooding contiltiolls.‘ War is not prescribed, but the Protocol of tho Locarao Conference clearly sets forth that the statesmen of Europe ‘believe that the signing of the treaties will do much to promote a peaceful at:- mospllere.

Perhaps alter all that is the out- standing result of the Locarno Con- ference-the spirit of trust and friendship which it ‘bred. The Lo- carno spirit threatens to becoméa

among the nations. Mosul

‘- Mosul formed the great (longer! spot during 1925, with the threat of, open hostilities growing evernear-l cl- until ln mid December reachedl its crisis with the League of Na-' tions sitting in conference daily to find some way out oi.’ the tangle which would eliminate an open breach. '

The war with Turkey was closed with the mudros armistice two

over the questions that were dc- cldcd at Versailles that they llrul no time to turn their attention to the drawing up of a Treaty with Turkey for ill the year that inter- vened between the Mudros armis- tice and the Treaty of Lausunnc, Turkey was transformed from 11 defeated snddlsoredlted Power in- to a nation with the laurels of vic- tory over Greece upon ‘her and a new morale which Kemai Pasha the new apostle of the Turks and the head 0f the Angora Government had inspired.

Iraq Mandate.

‘By 1921 the administration 0f lraq over which the British held a mandate under the [#633116 of Na- tions exlended over the whole ‘of the vllayet oi‘ Mosul, in that year Turkish lrregulars invaded Masul

Britain under her mandate. They were expelled ill 1923 just ‘before

At Lausanne the disposition of

"The frontlcr ‘between Turkey

out a struggle.

a fairly large force to quell rebel Druses while in North Africa she has had to employ a force, by

and lrak shall be laid down in a friendly arrangement to be coll- cludad between Turkey and Britain within nine months. in the event of no agmlcment being reached within this period, the dispute shall ho referred to the Council of the League of Nations.

Broken filed ge

in spite cf this solemn pledge in August, 1924, after many threats had been spread through the region that the Turks intended to attack Syrians, who had sought the pro- tectlon of Britain, a body of Turks set out—-ill defiance of the Lans- anne promise and obligation — to punish Syrians. T-he force was small and iii equipped, and the Syrians won the day, with the ro- suit that the Angora Government. angered at the reverse, sent rein- forcements. which again invaded Mosul,‘ and oven threatened Zakllo. British airplanes were able to con- ilue the Turks to the mountains north of Mosul, but . Britain pro- tested strongly agslnst the flagrant violation of the Lausanne Treaty and brought the matter before the League of Notions at the Geneva meeting in October.

The League, not anxious to be- come embroiled in a quarrel which must mean war if the Turks per- sisted in maintaining their attitude of refusing to accept the decision

syunnyp‘ [or better understandmgwai the Council spurred for time

hd"'l‘Bi',‘.-'rre‘d the matter t0 the Court of international Justice for the adjudication of some knotty le- gal points which they suddenly had discovered. The Hague found against the Turks and brought tile question once ' more back to the League. At the League meeting on December 10th the question of the disposition ‘of Mosul came again before the League with Turkey showing a recalcitrant and obstin- ate attitude.

Turkey obviously did not intend to abandon her claim to Mosul with- The mass of the people of Anatolia are not inter- ested in the issue, hue the men in power are in deadly earnest. Whe- tllr tileir obstlnacy ls inspired by Soviet Russia, with whom they have very close relations, ls un- certain.

The Britlshvbeiegste Sir Austen Chamberlain, acting

on instructions from Premier-Bald-

win, let it be known that Britain would do everything in her power to avoid war, but there were limits to her patience which had been sorely strained already. Britain made it quite clear that the onus of declaring war would rest on the League itself. ltemorts of a work- lllg agreement between France and Britain in the East were generally accepted. Reports that conflicting oil in- trouble were freely circulated but seemed to be grossly exaggerated when investigated.

Canada's Debt

aa-a- The not debt of the ‘Do- minion on Dec. 1, 1925 was . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 52.382.616.883 Tho net debt of the Do- minion on Dec. 1, 1984,

and for two your» occupied a nor- was . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2411154047 tlon of the vliayet although itwlls _____.___._. nominally under the tutelage ol‘ Dgcreggg _ _ , _ , _ _ _ H; 29431454

France and Riff

Tile year 1925 has scan Francs engaged in actual warfare. on two fields. in Syria she has had to use the

tcrests were at the ‘bsok of the __

-no means insignificant to repel the lattacks of Abdel Krlnl.

Tile struggle for a foothold in ‘Morocco in which France, ‘Spain. ltaly and Britain are all intcresned with Germany formerly an envious spectator goes back a long way in- (to history. Morocco once a great lemplra was already in decadence in 1492, when the Moors lost their last foothold in Europe to the Span- iards. The succeeding Catholic Kings of Spain always meant to cross over and take the Moorish lands in Africa; but their hands were so busy with more important affairs, The Moroccan Empire so hemmied in seemed doomed to stag- nation but maintained a nominal independence through the comps“. tlon and exhaustion of rival claim- ants.

Britain Enters.

. Britain entered tile struggle when sho held and lost Tangier late in the seventeenth century, and more so, when she took Gibraltar in 1704. France had long been build- IIIE up important trade relations with Morocco when she annexed Algeria in 1830. There was a con- ference ln 1880, at Madrid of the interested Powers, at which Spain was out-manoeuvred through the stupidity of her diplomats. Presl- dent Roosevelt called together the Algeclras Conference. The result ol‘ this conference gave the world some exalted shlbboleths about equality, but practically it took away from the Sultan the last ves- tiges of his authority and handed

1

l

Senator Danurad, who was hon- ored by bclng named President of

August.

it over to interested European Pow- ers. Sixteen months after the sign- ing of this agreement France land- ed troops at Casablanca, and with- in four years the military conquest begun there had added 0,000 square miles to France including the rlcll- est agricultural land. in 1911 the

lion of tilc penniless and beleag- urerl Sultan Mslal Haild. When Germany protested, France bougllt

Coast south of Tangier and began the conquiest of the Hinterland. Italy declared war on Turkey and seized Tripoli.

(Continued from page 40

, Railway . 9......

1924-1925

No. of ties used 13,412,157 goat of ties . 118,189,080 ¢3i‘.'.}‘i‘i..; :1 ..... . i: 13533478‘ o-o- ---------------- ‘ - "Mum, crown" _ ‘HJUIIN, Operating Expenses Unprotected crossings . ..,9,m N" "will" Km“! on r-fl'." ‘ _ ‘m’ lIiL. on Funded Debt . . . . . . . . . . .. lnlurod on railways ...0.0ll_ "m" ---------------------- -~ Total mileage, C.N.R. 20,822

This docs not include the not

2m mllesso. can. .... ..19,19s N" ‘Mm - ~ ~ - ~ ~ - ~~~~~~~~~~ '- alenlers carried, . c. f“ a ' _ A ‘ I ' “nut!” The debt of (he nlllnnys as Pfllilllers earl-ls . ‘ c». . .. ...14.o:l.941 . gone carried, 0.16.8. “"4118",”! lnurggt Wlflrliad, 03.14.. ....l8,778.880 Principal

03A

OUR NATIONAL RAILWAYS

i919 1:120 i921

1922 i923 - 1924

388,488,485

;.ai:: .

‘industrialist. age 73.

the ‘Council of the League in'

French entered Fez al tllc lnvlta-;

5 OBITUARY

Y‘ January

y‘ "‘ T

1.—Slr F. C. Gould, famous car- toonist, aged 80.

~8.—Slr E. Garstln, irrigation en- gineer, age 76.

14.—-General Kuropatkln, former O_ in C. Russian army.

Ill-Queen Maria Sophia Amelia, of the Two Sicilies. axe 84.

19.-—Lt.-Col. Ed. Laballe, M. D., Montreal.

27.—W. D. Scott. asst. Deputy Minister immigration, 8B9 64.

26.--Lord Ciaud Hamilton. 81

27.-—Fleld Marshal Lord Grcllfell, age 83,

age

‘February

3.—.Iohn Lane, famous publisher. use 70.

4.——O. Heaviside, F.R.S., autll0rl-. ty on electric waves.

4.—Major Gen. Gwatkln, Cana- dian Army, age 65.

8.——Lord Illyth. champion cheap postage, age 83.

14.——Dr. G. Slgersoll, Gaelic scho-, lar, age 92, ' ‘_

24.-Hj:llmal' Branting, Sweden.‘ age 64. ‘

28.-—-Presldent Ebert 0'f Germany

March

oi’

3.——l-lon. William Pugsley, former LlsuL-Governor of New Brunswick.

11.-~Dr. William Mclnnes, til-rect- ‘or of Victoria Museum, age 67.

Ill-Professor Ausust Voll Was- serman, age 60. ,

22.-—-Marie Brema,. the singer, age 68.

26.-—-Lor1l Curzon, Foreign Secre- -tary and Viceroy. use 66.

Sport Championships

Canadian Open Gulf-dale llicltel. Canadian Amateur (loll ~-il0:- Car- rick.

Canadian \‘Vomen's Open. Miss Ada Mackenzie. Canadian Women's fllosatl -' Miss

Helen Paget.

United States Open llnll’ -~ Willie MacFarlane.

United States Anlul-.~ul~ ;- llobbie Jones.

British Open Goil‘

British Amateur Harris.

Soccer (Connuucllt (Sup). --Ulster United, Toronto.

British Rugby-University of New Brunswick.

Baseball, American IaOHKlII-P-Wflflil- ington.

Baseball, burg.

Baseball, World's Scrics-Pittsburg

Tennis (Canadian; --\‘l"lllurd Crock- er. ‘

Tennis. (lflliterl Stutesw-W. T. Tlldcn.

Hockey (W'estcrll.,|-Victorla Cou- gurs,

Hockey (National League i-Cans- (liens (Montreal)

Hockey (World's SerIosJ~Victorla

Cougars ,

Cricket (Ross Robertson Cup.) -

McGlll University.

Canadian Rugby.— (lttawll Senators

.1121. liarnea. i-u'll.—~~lli.‘bfil'lt A.

National Leagues-Pitta-

Canadlan lnlpcrlnllst, age 85. 12.~Sir Wlliianl Petersen, ship- owner, 118s 60.

16.——R. Dlts, Swa-rajlst leader, ago '4.

O 17.—-A. C. Benson, Master oi.’ Magdclene College. Cambridge,

28.-—Lord Rawllnson, Conlmalld- er-ln-Cllief in India, age 61. I 1 22.—Sir C. F. Hotllam, senlorAd- mlral of the Fleet, age 82. l

April

2.—Sir W. M. Ackwc-rth,

rail way l expert, age 74.

age 62.

18.-—-ll. M, lluFollotlfs, US. Sen-

ator, age 60.

27.—Lucicn finllry, French actor.

agr- 64.

July

5.—Slr Frorlcrlt-i: Fraser, Halifax

2__Ad,nh.al Sh. M‘ Culme soy] School for ullild, age 7c.

nlour, 2nd Sea Lord. age 67. 3.——Jean De- Reszlce. the singer, age 74_ - 4.—Mohanled All, former Shah of Persia, age 52. 15.-—John S. Sargent, ‘noted art- a ist, age 09. - 17.-~Godfrey lsascs, former Mau- ugillg Director of Marconi. 2l.~-0lgo Novlkoff, Disralelfs M. l’. lol Russia, age 85. 28.—-Sir Eyre Crow, Foreign Of- llce Permanent Under Secretary. u age 60. May