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THE SITUATION.

ABLY REVIEWED BY SENATOR FERGU- SON.

Overwhelming Arraignment of the Goy- ernment,

(Continued trom Hansard.)

Hon. Mr. Frauvson—I think it was withdrawn. But that does not effect Mr. Ciamberlein’s position.

Hon. Mr. Muis—The present tariff is a step in the drection

Hon. Mr. Fearcvuson— We _ shall see about that. Mr. Chamberlain said he saw

of the the Torouto

a practical solution

‘esolution of

the germ of

¢ oue i

«tion in that

Board of Trade and that being so, I cans not see for the life of me how those gentie- men can attempt to deny that Mr. Chamberlain had committed himself to this question a3 a practical issue. Now, I have «noted somewhat at length and jiscussed these two speech of Mr. Chumberlain’s. Then we

have a speech by the Duke on Devonshire whieh was madeat the landing of the colonial premiers in England—an address of welcome. He said:

Very few disciples of free trade fifty years ago would believed for a mo- ment that atthis time France and Germavy would be carrying on an enormous trade under strictly prohibitive conditions and not only that they would nct have opened the markets to us, but they would be com- peting over us for the possession of as large a portion as _ possible the surface of the earth, not for the purpose of opening it up ont of the universal bene~ fits ef free trade, but fer the purpore of excluding from these portions English trade. The world has not become the commercial paradise which was predicted in the early days of free trade opinion, when it was hoped that free trade would bind all the nations of the earth so closely together that it would be a matter of Lom paratively little importance by whom they were ruled, or under what influence -~ were governed, We have since learned by painful exper-~ jence that no old nor new markets are being thrown open to us by the influence of free trade alone, and that if we want to provide for increasing commerce, which is neces- sary for the support of cur increasiug population. we must find those markets for onreelves,and must use every opportunity either of expending or consolidating our colonial possessions.”

TLese views are foand to be in harmonv with the opinions expressed by Mr. Cham-~ berlain on those two notable occasions before the Canada Club and before the Acsociaied Chamber of Commerce. Bat if any doubt were held at all as to what the views of Mr. Chamberlain were I think I can quote an euthority that is entitled to the respect of the hoa. leader of the House and ~~ the hon Secretary of State aa showing what the position of Mr. Chamberlain was in regard to this question. Iam quoting froma speéch made in Londoa, Ont., in 1896,a little before the last general elections by the Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier, premier of Canada, and this is what he cays:

“We would have for our goods a prefer- ecce which would not be given to the goods of another nation. That practical statesmen Mr. Chamber- jain has come to the conclusion that the time has come when it is possible within the bonnods of the empire for another step to be taken which will give to the golonies in Kogland a preference for their products over the products of other nations.”

Here the Hon. Sir Wilfrid, Laurier speaking in London in 1896 complimented Mr. Chamberlain in coming to this con- clusion, and said that the time had come when such a step would be taken.

What would be the possibilities ef such a step. if it was taken. We sell our goods in England; We sell our wheat, our bat- ter, our cheese, all our natural products,

He knew exactly the articles on which preference would come :

“But there we have to complete with sim- ilar products from the United States, from Russia and from other nations. Just see what a great advantege it would be to Canada if the wheat and cheese and butter which we send to England be met with a preference over similar products of tbeir nations. The possibilities are immense. Mr. Joseph Chamberlain the new and pro- gressive Secretary of the Colonies has de. clared that the time has come when it is possible to discuss that question. But, sir,

if Ragland is going to give us that prefer- ence, England would expect something in return. What is it she would expect? England would expect that we could come as closely to her own system of tree trade as it is possib’e for us to come. Englavd does not expect that we would take her own system of free trade such as she has it; but I lay it before you that the thing the British people would expect in return is, that, instead of a princip!e of protection, weshonld adopt the revenue form of tariff pureand simple. These are the condi- tions upon which we can have that boon.”

Hon. gentlemen say thev have fulfilled these conditions. They te'l ue sometimes, but rather in bated breath, that they have given us arevenue tariff. Well, if they have, according to Sir Wilfrid, they put themselves in a position to get that boon of preferential trade, and way do they not

nuve

mesget it? Iwilldiscuss tha: question later

THE DAILY EXAMINER, CHARLOTTETOWN, MARCH 1, 1898.

on. ly desirous of pntti g

Montreal! as follows :—

The Right Hon. gent)eman.apparent- himself further oa own self glorification and 11 record in regard tv inis macter, spoke .in of

| here for his

the interest bis party. When he ‘arrived in England be found a large and

imagined that he was sent

“Tp regard to this question of preferential influential section of the politicians and

trade I desire to say that Sir Charles

press fullof enthusiasm over the pre-

Tupper is no more in favour of the idea ferential policy of Canada, and energetic~

than | am myself My hope

ally discussing the corresponding duty of co 5S d

is—nay mv conviction is that on the 23rd of finding some equivalent advantage which

Juve the liberal party will be at the head of the polls, and that it will bethe liberal

party, with its policy of a revenve tariff

Great Britain might confer on Canada, even if by so doing it might be necessary to modify the free trade policy of the past

that will send commissioners to Lovdon to fifty yeare.”

arrange for a basis of preferential trade.” |

Well, if [ know what occurred at all, I kuow there was a certain commissioner went to London, the premier himself went there, but it would be the severest irony to

say he went there to make ao treat for preferential trade with Canada. It would be entirely

contrary to the truth, as I wil! show before [resume my seat. When Sir Charles Tupper made a remarkable speech in Montreal during the wiater of 1896, upon this question of preferential trade, the Torouto Globe, the organ of the gentlemen opposite me, asked “why should 8ir Charles Tupper waste his time and breath in advocating preferential trade, when it is a policy thatevery one in this country will

bold uphis hauds in supportof, The battle must be fought iu England.” Here

was the declaration of the organ of the party that there were no two op'n/oos in Cavada on this question of preferential trade. Now, I will show the other side of the picture. The Premier went to London

last year to attend the great Jubilee celebration. Onlanding he was tet by the Duke of Devonshire, who made the remarkable speech from which I have qnoted. The Duke of Devonshire is better known as Marquis of Hartington, and he was leader of the liberal party on Mr. Giadstone’s retirement, but is now leader of the liberal unionists. He is one of the most powerful men in the public life of England, and when he met these delegates and made the important statemeats which L have read, one would have thonght the Premier of C souda in

rising to respond would have uttered the sentiments which he expressed in Mcntreal, when he said acommission was going to England after the elections to push and advocate the question of preferential trade and to get it too, he said, becauee the re- form party have the correct principle work- ing at home. But what did he say:

“] claim for the present government of Canada that they have passed a resolution by which the products of Great Britain are admitted in the ra’e of their tariffat 124 percent and next year at 25 per cent reduction. This we have done, not asking any compensation. There isa class of our citizens who ask tat a!l euch con- ceasions should be mad: for a quid pro quo. The Canadiaa government has igs nored all euch sentunents. We bave done it because we oweadebtof gratitude to Great Britain. “ We have done it because it is no intention of ours to divturb, in any way, the system of free trade which has dore so much for Englaad.”

This was before he landed, or just on his landing, before mingling with English people at all, before any thimg could have occured on that side ofthe Atlantic to change the views he had previously ex-— pressed here.

‘What we give you by our tariff, we give you in gratitude forthe splendid freedum under which we have prospered. Itis a free gift. Weask nocompensation. Pro- tection bas been tle curre of Canada. We would not see you come under its baneful influence; for whut weakens you must weaken us.”

Here we have this gentleman claiming to represent Canada asthe premier of the country, going back on the declarations he had made before he had crossed the Atlantic, and while he was seeking popular favour here, and giving sway this important question in this ignominous manner. What did Mr. Chamberlain say when he found that Sir Wilfrid Laurier had abandoned preferen- tialtrade. He said:

“It would have been har! enovg) to carry through the idea bad all the coivnies been persistent and enthusiastic adyocates of it, but Canada does not favour it, and New South Wales oppoaes it. These are the leading colonies, and with them ip practical opposition, it becomes impessible and I would not now touch it without a pair of tougs.”

In the bitterness of his heart, he uttered these words, finding that the advance he had made in the citadel of free trade, where he had rallied around him the ablest men in Great Britain, was being checkmated by Sir Wilfrid’s backdewn. He found that all the work he had done was trampled under foot by the premier of Canada who spurned the olive branch of commercial frieudehip which he—Mr. Chamberlain—was stretch ing out all the colouies on behalf of the people of Great Britain. If there could be any doubt as to the effect of the speech of Mr. Laurier, see what Mr. Rosebery said. He waa the opponent of Mr. Chamberlain, and he was perhaps enjoying the discom- forture of his apponent, although there is reason to believe from Mr. Rosebery’s utterances that he was not very far frem sympathizing, with some of the views Mr. Chamberlain had been giving expression to. He said:

“Mr, Chamberlain bad a proposal! which had some force and gaived some strength, but now it must be approached with the reverence dne toa corpse, for Canada’s premier has said that if the British Em- pire is to be maintained it can only bea the condition of the most absoulte free trade.”

NowI will readan extract from the London Trades Journal, avery important commercial organ in Great Britain as hon. gentleman willadmit. It discussed this question alittle later, and the Trades Journal said this:

“From the day be (Sir Wilfrid) landed in Eng!and ‘until the day be left, he seems to be oblivious tothe fact tbat in his missien he was the representative of all Canada. He seems rather to have

That is what the Trades Journal said was the condition of things there. A large and important section ot the politicans

/and press of the country were looking round to wee how they could meet Canada in the matter of preferential trade. The article continues:

| “The complacent Sir Wilf.il tollowing up his usual policy of conciliation which

means abandonment of claims, relieved the merchants, manufacturers and politicians,

‘with the press, from all necessity of further discussion, by informing them that

| they were troubling themselves without cause, because Canada neither wished for,

| nor would except any favours, It is little wonder that he achieved much popularity

‘through such a surrender of Canada’s claims. It may have been quite fair that Sir Wilfrid Laurier should claim

|credit forthe fact that Canada granted

' preferential tariff treatment to England without any stipulation for an equivalent,

| but it was an act of supreme folly for him

to tell the British government and people

‘that Canada neither hoped nor desired any preference for its products on the

| markets of the mother country.”

That is what the Trades Journal said,

and no political opponent of Sir Wilfrid

Laurier in Canada could put the case more

‘emphatically thau this commercial o-gan

| of Great Britain put it. Now, I noticed

‘that my hon. friend the senior member from Halifax, who was speaking a moment agc, read ao article from the Toronte Globe

| which purported to find an excuse for Sir

| Wilfrid in going back oo hts professions | during his stay in England. I was surpris-

j ed to tind my hon. friend reading this ex-

‘traot from the Globe:

“ Conserv.t've newspapers keep up a coistant fire of criticism on Sir Wilfrid | Laurier because as they allege he refused to agree toa prefereutial tar ff between

Britain and Canada as proposed by Mr.

Chamberlain. It is justas well that the

real facts of the matter should be known.

During the visit of colonial premiers to

England, Mr. Chamberlain made the

proposition that there siould be absolute

free trade between Great Britain and her

colonies, on condition that Britain placed a

small customs tax Oa commodities from

foreiga coutries,” I have read you from Mr. Chaamberlain’s speech in opening the Chamber of Com-

;

|

merce. I have alsoin my possession a copy of the remark» that were ut before the conference

of colonial premiers when they met in June last in London by that hon. gentleman. and I fail to find that there is one iota of truth in this declaration of the Toronto Globe which my hon. friend read to the House. Itcaanot be found in these documents that Mr. Chamberlain laid down any such proposition. Un the contrary in the Chamber of Commerce meeting he laid down the very opposite of it, for that is one of the two proposals which he said was practicaily impossible to expect Great Britain to give up every- thing, or the colonies to give up everything Neither one was practicable. The settlement was to be found midwey between thetwo extremes. There is vot a word of truth in the Toronto Globe’s statement.

Hon. Mr. Mills—My hon. friend showed the accuracy of that statement in the fourth | propositi. n from Mr, Chamberlain’s

Speech.

Hon. M. Ferguson—My hon. friend is unfortunate in his interruption. He must consider the order of time a little. Wilfrid landed in England before the conference met at all, and the Toronto Globe aleu rather forgot the order of time when it set up that plea for him, because hie change of views as to preferential trade occurred before his landing on the shores of England, before the conference met at all, and therefore nothing

which may have been said there could possibly have influenced him.

And my hon. friend was atill.more un- fortunate in regard tothe order of time, because his fourth proposition which he referred to was made nearly (wo years ago, a full year and a half before the. landin of the premier in England at all an did not oecur in any shape or form at the opening of the colonial conference of the premiers in 1897, Besides the fourth pro~ position was that atrue zollverein, was a proper subject for discussion; Therefore my hon. friend hae not helped his leader at all, but rather has put him in 4@ worse position than he was before he rose from his scat. I will not go back, I have already discussed that fourth proposition, I have already, pointed ont that Mr. Chamberlain mentioned exceptions from free trade and named the articles to which these excep~ tions would refer. Hefmentioned food,sugar and timber as articles on which the colon« ies might be given a preference. Therefore my hon. friend is very unfortunate in his interruption, becauee he bas ouly left bis premier in a worse position, if anything, than he was before.

Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell—He could not do that; that is impossible.

Hon. Mr. Ferguson—We have followed the premier during the speeches he made in 1896 in Canada, we have followed him to England in 1897, and we find he went back there mapon what he said in Montreal and Toronto, and when he came back to Canada he went back on what he said in England. We'find that shortly afier his return he addreseed a meeting in Toronto at a banquet, and said:

“Certainly, if I thought I could have ob- tained formy country, for the products of | Cavada, a preferential treatment in the

markets of Great Britain, 1 would not only

‘have been wanting in patriotism, but I

would have been wanting in reaton—I

Sir )

simply would have been an idiot—if I had failed to obvain such preference,”

Hoo. Mr. scott—He knew it was possible.

Hon. Mr. Ferguson—Indeed, he said in Montreal during the last elecuons that all that was necessary to get preferential trade wa: for the Liberal party to come into power, When arevenue tariff would be adopted. They will say thet they have done exactly that—all that was necessary to be Gone was to put the iberal party in povver and adopt a reveoue tari‘f, and that progressive siatesmar, Mr, Chamberlain, was ready to take them by the hand and give them preferential trade. He went to Eagland, and before he met Mr Chambers lain be went back and said I do not want avy of your preference; but now he says be would have been an idiot if he could have obtained for his country such a pre- ferential treatment and have failed to obtain it. I have ne desire to describe the premier of this country as an idiot, but I cannot object to the classification which he himself has written down ip a manner which is far from complimentary wo his intelligence

How. Mr. Scott—He says it was abso~ Jutely impossible.

Hon. Mr. Ferguson—Where did light strike? Where did this conversion take place? It must have been about as suddep as the celebrated conversion on the journey from Jerusalem to Damascus. He had left here full of yearnings tor prefer- ential trade, and before he touched English soil, before he had met English opinion on the other side of the Atlantic, he gave it allup § Where did he become convinced thet it was utterly and completely imprac-~ ticab!e ?

Hon. Mr. Scott—We have made the first step towards it. It may come in the nextten years. A great change would not come ia twelve monthe,

Hon. Mr. Ferguson—That looks as if somebody was going to change again. According to my hon. friead the vision must have occurred on the broad Atlantic, some supernatural Ccommuuication muet have been made tothe hon. Premier of Cavada to account for this wonderful change which has no parallel since that remarkable conversion wLich has occarr- ed some eighteen hundred years ago on the road to Damascus. I have no hesitation in saying, bon. gentlemen, that Canada inatead of being placed in a more advan- tageous position on account of the friend- ship of Kugland at the present time than she had enjoyed before we have lost ground that bas been worked up for Canada and for the other colonies with gieatiodu try in the face of strong obstac- les by the most eminent men in the colo- nies and mo-t eminent men in Great Bri- tain together notably among these men who have fonght and toiled in and day out year in and year out to putthis question in the happy shape in which it stood when Sir Wilfrid Laurier went to England, io Sir Charles Tupper, the leader of the eonservative party in Canada; and the work he did was respcuded to by Mr. Chamberlain and there was every prospect of av agreement being reached anda sol- ution being found when there was sv much real desire for prefererential trade within the bounds of the empire, but all this has been lost for the present and a set back has been given to that question, the effects which Iam afraid will last many years to come by the action of the premier of this country in this Jubilee year. Bat I am very glad to find from m recent speece made before the

im-

the

/ Liverpool Chau ber of Commerce, om the

18th January of this year, though bitterly dissppointed with regard to the premier’s action iu the meeting of the colonial premiers Jast summer, that Mr. Cham- berlain is pretty well back on his oki ground sgsin. He is not going to give up the fight. Probably he has found out that ahen Sir Wilfrid Laurier was in Evgiand he did not speak the views of Canada. on this question. We find that Mir. Cham- berlain addressing the Chamber of Com- merce of Liverpoo! last month said :

“Our policy is to bind the colonies closer to ns by all means in our power, and if not practicable yet to pave the way for a future union which will be closer than anything that is now practicable.

The hon. Secretary of State real where some two years ago Mr. Chamberlain was counting up the profit and Joss; but now, he say, we have got a step further, we will not keep a strict account of profit and Jose.

That they will seek to be assured of a present pecuniary gain for s0 much con- cession on their part. No!I think they will look, and Jook wisely, rather to a future time when we sbal! find our reward aod that the splendid isolation with which our foreign critics sometimes taunt us, will be transformed intoa union of the British race and wisen the sons of Britain throughout the whole world shall stand shoulder to shoulder to defend our mutual interests and common rights.

We shall not attempt—that would be foolish tc put pressure on our fellow colo- nists to go one step farther than they them selves desire to go. It is not for us to take initiative. We should rather fol] ow the lead; but what I think we have already accomplished is tothem that wherever they live, however far their home may be from the centre and from the motherland, we, at any rate, are prepared to meet them more than half way in any approach wLich they may make to us, in any desire which they may express for a closer union, and gentlemen, it will eome, if not in our day, then in that of our suc- cessors,.

In what foim I know not. It would be foolish to attempt to predict. It may be in the shape of commercial union or of an Imperial zolverein, which I do not believe to be so absurd as do some political econo- mists. It may bein the shape of some Imperial council which will represent the federation of the British races, and which has been advocated by men as different in other respects as the Jate Mr. Forster, Lord Rosebery and Lord Salisbury, but in whatever way itis presented to us, we shall pot be deterred, either by the econo- mic pedantries or the selfishness—which

isavirtue with some politiciane—from giving favourable consideration to any proposals which our brethern across the seas may make tous. Andin such con- sideration, | forene do not believe the English people will keepa strict account of profit and Joss.

He says now, proudly, notwithstanding all the set backs received it will cume, if not in our time, in that of our succersors, References have been made to the flattering reception which the premier received i Evgland,cnd the eloquent speeches that he made. In these respecte we are all pleased. We are pleased notwithstanding his waywarduess upon this great question —that as the representative of Canada, he was received with en'husiasm, and we are also pleased to know that apart from this questivn upon which he has made such a yreat and fatal mistake, he acquitted himeelf in a manner that was creditable to Canada. Weare proud of his eloquence. We are giad that since it fell to the Liberal party so representus in Engiand that it devolved upon ‘him, as far as eloquence was{concerned,to have performed the task, regretting as we do at the same time tbat he fell eo far short of his duty in respect to the most important of al] ques- tions with which he had to deal wnen he was in the motheriand. Reference has been made by my hon. friend from Monck to a great mistake which was made in conter ring the Cobden medal upon the wrong man. I agree with him, and I am serious in it. Ithink that the Cobden medal was not conferred upon the gentleman in Canada who had the fairest and the best right toit. Ifthe free trade club had invended to confer any honor or distinction upon any man in Canada who baa stood up for the principle of free trade, they should have conferred it upon a gentleman who was in Eneland also at the ume, my hon. friend from Sheil River, and not upon the Premier of Canada, who, I claim, has no title whatever to any recog- nition of that kind from the Cobden Club, because so far from being a faithful ad- herent of the principles of free trade, he stands today in the very opposite position in Canada. Now,I will read what Lord Farrar said when waking the presentation to the premierof Canada. You will see Low entirely they were mistaken with regard to Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the atcitade of his party ou the trade questio in Canada. He said:

“There is a paity amongst us who would willingly discriminate asainst German and Belgias goods. aod would look upon the denuociation of the German aad Bel- giao treaties a8 a step towards what they have been pleased to call the commercial federation of the empire—a system noder which commercial union inthe different parts of the empire will be fostered by laws excluding or discovraging foreign goods. If this were to be the consequence of what you have done, I need hardiy say that we of the Cobden Club would aot bave been here.”

They would nos have presented him with that medal if they unvierstood that be was going to take advantage of the denan- ciation of the treaties forthe purpore of giving advantage to British goods over foreign productions; yet we have my hon. friend the Secretary vf State announcing a tarift change already, cxactly in the direction that the Cobden Club said that if they suspecied that was what sir Wil frid Laurier was going to dothey would not have been there tv present him with

laa

the medal. Wiat the Government called the reciprocal clause in the tariff of last year turned out not

to be a reciprocal clause or a prefer- ential clause, they hardly can tell them- selves today what its scope and bearing is, but it ix going to be made preferential with the willof parliament in the present session. Parliament is going to be moved by the gentlemen opposite, the Secretary of State aad his colleagues to convert it into & preference in favour of British and colo nial over foreign goods, So thie medal of the Cobden Club was obtained under false pretences, Hon, back ! Hon. Mr. Ferguson—I have no hesita- tion in saying they would not have pre- sented him with the medal if they bad suspected the stand which he is now tak- ing. He took the medal, comes home and his Secretary of State eays he is going to give a preference for British goods over foreign products. It being six o’clock I mrve that the debate be adjourned. eye a Business men and travel- lers carry them in vest in purses, housekeepers keep them in medicine closets. friends recommend them to friends. #ic.

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——-

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