4 um is much more direct.

’3 more weight.

i n,“ “it”; met it remain about five minutes,

'2» and then pour it on the door, and mix plenty of 7‘» lime with it; it ought to be wet 48 hours before isowing; and if drilled to be sifted, to take out “1 me dust ofthe lime. The wheat must be turned once or twice before sowing; as the wheat ab- gorbs the liquor, fresh water must be added, and occasionally halfa pound of blue stone, say half i a pound to six gallons of water. Some farmers imay say, that it requires a deal of time to wet iany quantity; my maxim is this, a thing well Eldone is tWice done, and a thing only half done is not done at all.

‘ LEAD AND Fearnsners-It is often asked, in jest, which is the heaviest—a pound of lead, or a pound of feathers! A person who had not his wits about him might be guilty of the hiber- ‘enacism of answering “ a pound oflead, to be ‘sure l" And another. a little more shrewd would 'say, they weighed just alike. Yet, under cer-

.tain Circumstances, they would both be wrong.

, Weigh a pound of feathers while they are in an uncompressed state, and then weigh them after being compressed, and in the latter case, they "Would weigh more than in the former, because, ‘when any substance has a large quantity of sur- face exposed to the atmosphere, in proportion to its bulk, it weighs less than the same bulk when , compressed. Hence may be assorted with truth f,‘the seeming paradox, that a pound of feathers is Q'gheavier than a pound of lead. This principle ’ftis well understood by some of the wool mer- -§ohants who compress their wool as much as igconvenient, that the same quantity may make It is said. moreover, that a wool merchant often gains the interest of his money, in the additional weight which the wool will acquire by remaining stored during a season, and thereby becoming compressed. Gold, the heaviest of all metals, by being made into gold leaf, which has infinitely a larger surface in proportion to its bulk that the solid gold, may bemade to float in the air. According to the same principle are the clouds suspended in the atmosphere.

Orion—The quantity of opium grown at Malwa, Benares, Behar (Patna,) and other lo- calities, under the active encouragement of the East India Company, is immense. It is true that

half of the whole product of India is obtained,

ble extent beyond the Company’s control; but as the latter body are in the habit of taxing the Malwa opium with certain transit duties which yield a large annual revenue, it is clear that, but for this pecuniary temptation, which tells strong- ly against the Company, they are perfectly com- petent to increase these duties to such an extent as would effectually put . end to the further growth of the poison. In Benares, Behar, and indeed in all the territories within the Compa- ny’s jurisdiction, the encouragement which they give to the manufacture and exportation of opi- The ryot, or immedi~ i ate cultivator of the soil, is required under cer-

tain penalties to guarantee the delivery of the

produce at. a fixed rate. Nay, it is even alleged

by a late writer (so says the Chinese Repository for Feb., 1837,) that the growing of opium on the part of the ryot is, to a great degree, compul- sory—so much so, that should he refuse the pe- cuniary advances for that purpose which are sys-

tematically paid by the local Government through

its native servants, the Focus immediately sub- ject him to a process of coercion from which there is no relief except by the fulfilment of his Moreover, with the express design of prosecuting a profitable trade in opium for the Chinese market, vast tracts of the Company’s land, not recently reclaimed from barrenness, but formerly occupied with less lucrative crops, are now covered with poppies; and it appears that the cultivation of the deadly drug over a wide extent of territory is still on the increase.—

contract.

Times. E

—

THE

©®EA©NEAEA EEEAEiEo’

Sfl TURDfl Y, JJINUAR Y4,1840.

Since our last we have had no mail, nor an Our harbour is now frozen over; many persons have crossed in the course of the day, although we cannot help think- ing that the attempt is still somewhat hazard-

arrival from any quarter.

ous. MECHANICS' INSTITUTE.

On Monday evening last, a meeting of this Institution took place, for the purpose of hear- ing and receiving the Report of the Committee of the past year, and also of electing Oflice- bearers for the present year. The Hon. George Dslrymple, as Presidentof the Institute, took the

Chair, and announced, that in the absence of

the Secretary, John Longworth, Esq. from the Island, Charles Young, Esq. the first Vice Pre- sident, hadbeeii requested by the Committee to epare a'Report for the past year, and that he would now come forward and read it. Where- upon Mr. Young ascended the Rostrum, and read the EIBBT ANNUAL REPORT OF THECCOMMITTEE OF THE anRLOTTE'rOWN MECHANICS, INSTITUTE. Your Committee have great pleasure in appearing before their Constituents this evening, as they are en- abled to announce the marked success which has at- tended this infant Institution since its formation, and the increasing usefulness it is chili and gradually dissemi- noting—an announcement whit: they trust will stimu-

late! eir successors to onerous“! energy in its future management, and secure for them the sup ort and

donntenance of the members, and of their fellow

:11 team a

s . v ,_ the establishment ofa Mechanics’ Institute in

V, " ottotown was first mooted here, it was looked upon Jay many as a mere chimera, or fancy ofthe brain—a delu-

, ' ion, or a scheme that would neverlbe' carried into effect,

n”..ucgggd. Others derided the very idea of such avpro.

._. , . . . “seam... , . .., "A

at the first of these places, whence about one-

the management of the soil (although the chiefs are under British protection) is to a considera-

ject, and many affirmed that ifit were put into operation, it would drag “ its lazy length along" a year or so, and when the novelty was over, it would, at the commence- ment of a second session, gas'p for a few nights, and finally the lamp would be extinguished, and all would be at rest. Then there would he an end, they exultingly thought, of science hunters—then mechanics would be deprived ofknowing as much as their wealthy employ- ers—their knowledge would be crushed in the bud, and the fulness of a man’s purse and not of his head, would be the symbol of all that was great and glorious! It

the establishment ofthis Institution so difficult at first, as many were prevented, through fear of the derision

otherwise have given us the most able assistance. Your Committee feel quite confident, however, in now sta- ting, that there is not the slightest possibility of such an inglorious result; and in asking those who have

chance ofa failure? and whether they would allow'such to take place, when it can be prevented by perseve- rance, by a determination among its members to support rt, and by their uniting to vie with each other in making it prosper and flourish? They know well the response that will be given to this appeal, for the benefits which a knowledge of the Sciences and Arts confer upon a

pfthis Institute to permit them to slacken their exertions in its behalf; and they therefore confidently rely upon its members for future support and countenance in promoting the useful objects for which this Institution was originally founded.

To dilate now upon the advantages of science and general knowledge, your Committee do not deem neces- sary, as these have frequentl , during the last and present course, been brought efore the notice of the members. But your Committee would fain urge upon yuu a thirst for knowledge, a desire to receive instruc- tion, and would even hope,that you would always remem- ber the words and true signification of our motto, “ Virtutis Scientia Comes." The study of nature is the handmaid to morality and virtue; and the more a man thinks upon the wonderful works of the Almighty, the more impressed does he become with His wisdom, His goodness and His power, and the more does he feel awed and subdued with His supremity, and with his nwii insignificztnce in the mighty scale of nature. These are some n the grand results which a know- ledge of the sciences achieve; but there are many others, although not ofsuch vast importance, that might be enumerated, such as the benefits derived by indivi- duals in expanding their minds—in exalting their thoughts—and in turning their attention to make im- portant discoveries; and such as the many advantages accruing to acommunity at large, by inspiring it with energy, by making it ess prone to individual aggran- disement, and by causing it to be more liberal and enlightened. Such efl‘ects ma not yet have been produced here to any extent by th’is Institution, but your Committee feel convinced that if it be continued and flourish, as it has hitherto so unexpectedly done, it will create such changes, and cast around this beautiful little Town a halo of spirit and enterprise amo'ng its inhabitants.

Your Committee feel that they cannot say too much upon these interesting and important topics; but they trust that enough has been adduced to shew the advan-

causing it by every means in each indivtdual’s power, to flourish and succeed.

Since the Introductory Lecture delivered by your first Vice Presrdent, on the 2d January last, upon the advan- tages of such Institutions as this, the following gentlemen have lectured upon the subjects set opposite to their names:—

The Rev. James Waddell, on Caloric; the Rev. Richard Knight, on Geology; Mr. Isaac Smith, on Hydrostatics; Hon. the President, on the inquiry whe- therthe diffusion of knowledge advanced or retarded human happiness? Rev. John Geddie, on Creation; Rev Mr. Pattersnn, on Pneumatics; Mr. Lawson,on Public Wealth, as connected with the present, probable, and future possible re§6urces of P. E. Island; Mr. Thresher, on Perspectinsknd upon Lights and Shades; and Mr. Young on, Physiognomy;——which Lectures ended the first course.

reading two Lectures upon \Vater, its properties and

ofour meeting, with a Lecture upon Electricity. When Your Committee revert to the interest that

support this Institute. to state, that they linve now collected, by purchase,

Biography, and other instructive Books.

Rev. Mr. Davies, of Bedeque. Your Committee did anticipate receiving a great many more from the liberal

had your Committee found leisure to go about and seek

to their successors, as they feel convinced that it would be attended with a beneficial result, by getting a large increase to our Library. They would earnestly beg to call the attention of the members of the Institute to the Library, and ask them to support it also, as nothing can be more conducive to the advancement ofthe Institute. than to have a ood Library in connection with it, They feel great p easure in announcing, that they have ordered,and expect shortly to receive, three ofthe best periodicals that are published in England and in Scot- land, namely, Blackwood's Magazine, and the Edin- burgh and Quarterly Reviews, by which we will be made acquainted with the state ofLiterature in Europe, the various new Books that are dail published in Great Britain, and thus get some idea ofywhai is going on in the great Literary world. Your Committee consider that these periodicals—~two of which are published quarterly—will be found a great acquisition to the Library, and trust that it will meet with an increased patro- nage, so as to bear the extra expense which will thus be incurred.

Your Committee have devoted as much of the funds of the Institute as could be spared, in obtaining Appa- ratus to assist Lecturers in illustrating Scientific and other subjects. They have procured a ver efficient Air Pump, a small but neat Electrical acliine, a MagicLantern, and some other minor articles. .They beg to acknowledge a very handsome collection of Minerals from John Lawson, Esq., and some specimens of Natural History from the Hon. Joseph Po 6 and othersL which, with the above Apparatus, will orm the com,- mencement ofa future Museum.

Your Committee have also devoted the very liberal bounty so handsomely granted by the Legislature during its last session, to this Institute, in the purchase ofBooks for the Library, and would suggest, that the members of the Legislature, during Session, be allowed to take out and read the Books of the said Library gratis. Your Committee feel great pleasure in announcing that this Institute new numbers sixty-five members, at five shillings each, per annum—that twenty-nine Family Tickets, at ten shillings each, and thirteen Youths‘ Tickets, at 25.611. each, have been issued during the past year; and your Committee are in the leasing anticipation that the numbers Will largely increase

’ iffy}

tagcs of continuing to sustain the Institute, and of

The present course was commenced by Mr. Young

uses; and Mr. Waddell followed, on the last Evening

was excited in hearing these various lectures delivered, and the instructive and entertaining discussions that followed upon each of them, thev feel satisfied that the members of this Institute would not for the sake ofa few shillings per year be deprived of such a treat as thatin which they have participated, and which they might hereafter frequently enjoy iftliey will continue to

During the recess, your Committee have carried out one ofthe fundamental objects ofthe Institute, by found- ing a Library, in connection therewith, and are happy

.1’

donations and by loans, nearly three hundred volumes ofuseful works, consisting of General and Polite Lite- rature, ofTreatises upon Science and the Arts, History, Your Com- mittee have to acknowledge very liberal donations of Books from the Hon. George Dalrymplc, C. Young, Esq. Mr. C. C. Davison, Mrs. Miller, Mrs. Dalrymple, John Lawson, Esq, James Pogo, Esq. of Pictou, Hon. G. R. Goodman, Mr. Joseph Bull, Mr. James Purdie, Dr. De St. Croix, the Rev. James Waddell, and the

members of this community, and would have done so,

donations. They would strongly recommend this course

fling the ensuing year. There appears by the Account current of the Secretary, new exhibited to you, to be a very small balance in hand, and your Committee believe that the debts due by the Institute are of a very trifling nature.

Your Committee also announce that the property of_ the Institute, including the decorations and. necessary furniture of the Hall, the Apparatus and the Books of the Library,is now of the value of One hundred Pounds, and upwards, and that each member ofthe Institute has now a proportionate share in, its property. If, therefore,

a consummation most greatly to be avoided—and realise its full value,

during the last year for its sup ort. Who, then, will dare afE flourishing condition?

has already been called to our aid in preparing and delivering Lectures here, and which will be again ready and willing to assist us in our h‘our ofneed. In addition to those gentlemen who have alread lectured‘here, the Rev. Mr. Wiggins, the Rev. Mr. ouglas, Rev. Mr. Smith,C. Binns, Esq., Wm. Cooper, Esq., Mr. John

during the present and ensuing sessions. Your-Committee cannot retire from their important trust Without congratulating the members of the Insti- tute upon their present and future auspicious prospects, and recommending them to persevere in carrying out the objects of the Institute, and to ever hear in mind the Latin quotation of “ Perseverantia vineit omnia,” and the great fundamental maxim, as laid down by the immortal Bacon, that “knowledge is power.”

After the Report was read, it was moved and unanimously passed, that it be received, and be published in the Charlottetown Newspapers.

The election of the Office-bearers then took place, and the following gentlemen were chosen by ballot:

Charles Young, Esq, President;

Francis Longworth, jun. Esq. M. H. A.First Vice do.

John Mackieson, Esq. M. D., Second Vice do.

Mr. Henry Hnszard, Secretary and Treasurer; and the Rev. James Waddell, Messrs. Watson Duchemin, Martin Dngherty, C. C. Davtson, the Hon. George Dal- rymple, Messrs. Isaac Smith, Henry Lobban, James D. Hnszard and J. B. Cooper, 8. Committee.

It was then moved and passed, that the Mem- bers of the House of Assembly have gratuitous access to the Library ofthis Institute.

The thanks of the Institute were given first, to those gentlemen who have lectured for the past year; secondly, to those who have so liberally contributed towards its usefulness by donations; thirdly, to the Printers of this town for their kindness in publishing their proceedings without making any charge therefor; and lastly, to the Office-bearers, for their efficient services during the past year, and for their inspiriting Report_

It was then moved by Mr. Young, and second- ed by Mr. Longworth—

That a Committee, consisting of the President and Vice Presidents, wait upon His Excellency the Lieut. Governor, and upon their Honors the Chief Justice and George Wright, and respectfully solicit the former to continue the Patron, and the latter the Vice Patrons ofthe Institute.

Moved by Mr. Waddell, seconded by Mr. M Dogherty— That as the sole object of this institution is

to promote useful instruction and innocent enjoyment in the members of this community, the cordial tic-opera. tion ofnll classes he respectfully solicited.

Moved by the Rev. Mr. Waddell, seconded by Mr. T. Pethick.

That the next and succeeding Sessions of this Institute shall commence with the Lectures for the season, when the Tickets of members shall be renewed.

The Ex-President then left the Chair, and the President elect having been called thereto, took his seat amid the plaudits of the members, when he rose and said, that he “ felt highly gratified, not only with this mark of their appro- bation, but also at the high honor which they had conferred upon him in electing him their President; that he little expected, when but fifteen months ago he was a perfect stranger to them all, that he should have been appointed to such an important trust, and while he felt that he was unworthy and undeserving of such an office, yet be trusted that he would so fulfil its duties as to meet with and deserve a similar expression of feeling when he retired from the trust so unexpectedly conferred upon him.”

The warmest acknowledgments of the Insti- tute were then conveyed to the worthy Ex- President, for the able manner in which he had filled the Chair during the past year. To which Mr. Dalrymple responded in a very feeling man- ner.

After some other routine business, the President announced that Mr. G. Thresher would lecture on Wednesday evening, the 8th inst., on Aerial Perspective, with diagrams‘illus- trative of his subject, and upon the first prin- ciples ofdrawing, &.c.

Scorcn Camera—A Meeting of the Con- gregation ofthis Church was held on Monday last, pur- suant to Notice, for the purpose of passing such Resolu- tions, and adopting such measures, as would enable the- Agent of the S nod of Nova Scotia, during his contem- plated visit to cotland this winter, to procure a clergy. man to come here and take charge of this Church. The Meeting was well attended, and it was resolved to Me- morialise the Glasgow Colonial Society, for the above purpose. _

An arrangement has been made With the Rev. Rod- erick MacAulay to preach in this Church on the first and third Sundays ofevery month during the present win- ter. The first service will be held to-morrow fortni ht. Mr. MaeAulay’ intends to divide his tlme thus:—— ‘he first Sunday at Charlottetown,the second at New Lon: don, the third at Charlottetown, and the fourth at Georgetown,

A Sabbath School will shortly be founded at Char- lottetown, in connexion with thi Church,; and it is hoped that parents will seize this opportunity, and send their children to imbibe the rudiments ofChristitinity, without a knowledge of which there can be no perma- nent happiness in this transitory and fleeting world.— Com.

51m.) News. Arrived at Souris, from Halifax, on the 24th ult. the Schooners Success and Sarah, with Merchandise. Sailed'from Halifax, on the 25th ult. H. M. Packet Hope, for Falmouth—-Passengers, the Hon. Samuel Cunard, W. Murdoch, Esq. and Master Campbell. The Schooner Nightingale, with a general cargo, from Halifax bound for Charlottetown, went on shore at the

. infant son of the late was encountering such arguments as these that rendered the property of the Institute were now to be sold—_, 5 months,

maiden, .. . By the Rev. L. C. Jenkins, on Tuesday, the 3lst

Dec., Mr. Robert On, New Glasgow, to Miss Jane Sample, of the same place.

Etch, Suddenly, at Demerara,0n the 24th Oct., Mr. John C. Macdonald, aged 23 years, eldest son of Mr. Archi- bald Macdonald, ofl-Ialifax. Suddenly, on Saturda morning last, Philip Bayfield, ohn Phi ip Collins, Esq. aged

On the morning ofthe 1st inst., after a lingering, pain- ~

. , . _ each member of the Institute would f ' ' ' ‘ erend ofa failure, from jotning heart and hand to it,who would receive upwards of 20s. for the 5s. which he has paid gfisflgciii’EJdehgiETKears continuance, the Rev _ Parish. Being a person of unobtrusive manners, he rm that we are not In a was less known in this community than his many _ , and Who Wl” dfim 11359": that excellent qualities as a man and a christian entitled him I . the establishment ofthis Institute will be afailure, when to be, The tears ofhis weeping flock, when he “Ia. yes. attended our meetings, whether there is now the least we can rely upon so much talent in the country, which tel-day hum-ed in the Chapel, form his best eulogy. ‘