NOIEMB ,,,...

ER 20. 1950

mo.9&rO0m0O-TO

- NEWSY

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my-blue 9 ms; or May, searching for in- as about the hedges and form pdlngs. its song is slender and yomelyl but the bird is robust rid icarless, steylnz with U5 W1 he last chill days of October."

This Warbler is certainly fond .1 insects and has been observed batch them after the fashion of e mycatchers: making s end- ... dash from a pefchl snapping D 3 flying insect, and returning L its perch all in one movement. i my in the year, it feeds on her- ies those of the Sumach. Poison ”,y', nex and the Myrica ceri- tra (or Wax Myrtle) being pre- ',2rl-ed. These last account for: the mme Myrtle Warbler. I have ex- mined many Oi these Warblers tram time to time, and consider 'hem common. Mr. Frank stems

ldds - "and increasing." Last ipecimen brought in Oct. 2. 1950. Myrtle Warbler. AOU. 655. Sum-

ner Resident. Adult Male: Upper- uarts hluish-gray, streaked black,

vellow patch on the crown. rump. ind on either side of the breast; ihroat white, and two white wing- iars on each wing; breast heavily marked black. be”? White: ti?-U feathers with white spots on their inner vanes, near the tip. Fe- males similar but duller, blue with Ibrcwnish tinge and less black telow. Length of adult 5 to 6 Tnches. '

A REALLY DANGEROUS GAME

some years ago Sir Arthur Keith world-famous doctor and scientist. lectured to the students at Man- chester University, and concluded with the dictum: "Man lives only when he lives dangerously.” We of a much earlier generation than szr Arthur. knew that full well, and, as sclioalboys, played games that boys of his day might well

look upon with misgivings. Such a game was ”Duckstone," which must. have originated in prehsmric times. We knew that the schoolmaster objected to our playing it in the playground, but in a colliery district there are al- ways plots of derelict land near the mine. and one of these was quite near our school. There we setup our duckstone, a block of stone about it! inches high; and on it was placed the "duck", anoth- er black about double the size of a man's fist. A guardian for the duck was chosen by means of the old Celtic rhyme of "Eeny. meeny. minty. me." a counting-out for- mula. Then each boy in turn stood at a mark and threw a big stone for rock") at the duck to knock it off its perch. As a rule the rock hit the duckstone, not the duck, and the guardian dodged the rock as it rebounded. When it came to "Si. the thrower came and stood by it. His idea. was to pick up his rock and run back to the mark for another throw. but this could not safely be done while the duck remained on the duckstone; for W5 Biinrdlan could chase and tag him. so the pitching went on, and the rock ricocheted all over the plot, the boy laughing and dodg- ing them. At last a lucky marks- man knocked the duck off its perch and all picked up their rocks and raced to the mark. The Buardian was obliged to replace the duck on its perch before chas- intz the throwers, or his "tag" '”””d not be least! The boy who :55 id-sized. became the new guar. tan. and the game went on. . ml never heard of any accident ms T011811 same. We certainly Hiioyed it. and never heard of :I"Y Parental opposition to it. It I”: Played only in the country. mwiippose it is not played at all - Times have changed. ,

A GIIATIFYING LETTER

I ha"? Just received a very gitlfying letter frcm South West, ":16. It reads: "Last spring I

"Wed 5 senerous sample of Navy

By Agricola

OM04 I

NOTES -

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"Tm modest-plumed yellow- and found them to be all you .. Says mun. - "so eonspic- said. Thank you very much for,

,"m1;'y marked by gha bx-jght yel- them. I enjoy your writings in

wsyatch on its rump, exposed The Guardian in great deal. Yoursi

wenpit flies. and the general truly. Mrs. - --" T

I had some trouble with thesel beans at first, because not one in, ten ripened. They must have come; from a warmer climate. After 6 or. '1 years selection they were clima-i tized. and bore good crops every

year. I let their leaves drop off, then pull up the stalks (laden with pods), pile them in little

heaps and dry them "in the sun”. Then the stalks are bagged tight- ly into old potato bogs, and stor- ed in a dry place for winter use. When the beans are required a good pounding of the bag with a club, sends all the beans to botton. They were "winded," that is poured from one vessel to another on a windy day. to take out the "chaff". I hope that re- cipients of these beans will give a few seeds to their friends to work up a stock from.

Now here is a little informa- tion about these beans as food. They are largely starch, the "body fuel," the energy-builder; but they also have a good percentage of vegetable protein, in its way a body-builder. They stimulate the appetite by strong doses of Vita- mins Bi and G.; and are rich in minerals phosphorus, calcium and iron. These qualities made me anxious to accustom the Navy beans to our climate. They are. it has been stated, "undesirable for anyone susceptible to gas forma- tion"; I traced this to the pre- sence of an acid, and added a lit- tle baking-soda to neutralize it. as the beans commenced to boil Thus the ., indigestion is entirely avoided.

A cupful of the dried beans be- comes two and one-half cupfuls. from water absorbed in cooking. They are cooked when they split open. Fat, butter or even short- ening may be added - but not too much! onions, diced meat. or other ingredients may also be add- ed. ad lib. one good point is: you can grow the seed yourself.

NATURE NOTES

We would here urge the impor- tance of studying natural history in the field. No book information can take the place of this. Let the student be taught to

ate acquaintance with nature all her beauty and richness and learn the lofty art of investigat- ingy her hidden secrets himself.-

the Natural History of P. E. I. Even more important is the study of nature as an investment

structive also to eggs

but its ears, legs,

of showy rufous red. The

hairs tipped fawn. The parts of the animal

along the sides. As a scheme” the effect was admirable

A short note directing the gazer to the double star

were mentioned 270 years 13. C.

early days. Of Auriga he writes:

the priests have named her." All the so-called "fixed are suns, and all are in

detected know

their motion cannot be

beans ITO"! You. I planted them

uaslillaanls UUG ECU T0005

Our Earth (Terra). we

teillrsndogup. ANTNEEDIIIAI.

thel

collect and identify each object for him- self. Thus will he form an intim- in

Francis Baln, in his Preface to

against the days "when thou ..-........ shalt say. I have no pleasure in cpymg n.1v1-:3, w. 1. them." (Ecclesiastes 13:1). .m..

On Oct 28. 1950. I found the Clyde River w. I. met at the body 01 9- Red Squiffei isciufus home of Mrs. Reginald MacKin-

hudsonicus.) It had probably been killed by a cat and left uneaten. These rascals try to get in where the grain is stored, and are de- and nest- lings of wild birds, so I shed no tears for this squirrel! Instead I took it home to examine. In gen- eral coloration it inclined to fawn and a broad strip down its back and tail were sides and tip of the tall bore long black under- were white. with a very narrow black border "color

star- Capella, appeared last week. Capella is the brightest star in the: constellation Auriga, the Charloteer, and both

by Aratus, an astronomer of those

"On his left shoulder rests the sacred Goat - said to have suck- led Jove; olenian Coat of Jove stars"

motion; but their distance is so great that

9m! 9m” ?mIII

mvswdminvourdennsmeundadhonler LAIVCIAIB. Mslqlnmnrleneeruhpaeiuge.

THE GUARDIAN.

UHARl

PAGE mmmi

ludging Contests. Al Toronto Fair

TORONTO, Nov. 18 - (GP) - Two youngsters from Borden. saak., have won a beef judging championship contested in con- junction with the Royal Winter Fair. which got under way during the week. .

Donald Dyck and Alsar Thlesssm were the winners in the competit- ion conducted by the Canadian Council on Boya' and Girls' Work. They piled up 1.033 points. de- featirrg teams from every Province except Newfoundland.

Second place went to Vernon Eutterfield and Roy Void. from Ponoka. Alta., with 1,019 points.

Saskatchewan teams placed sec- ond in dairy cattle. swine and poultry contests,

Muriel Height and Murray Height of Saskatoon placed second to Molly Bennett and Mary Arm- strong of Spencerville. Ont., in dairy cattle. Donald Ford and Les- lie Walker of Golburn. Basic. We"! second to William Ferguson and Richard Van Camp of Nestleton. 0nt., in swine judging

In the poultry classes Jean oliv- er and Ruth Height of Saskatoon finished five points behind the winners. Mary Matheson and Mil- ien Johnston of Binscarth, Man.

In the seed grain project. Am- old Blackenrldge of Millbrook. Ont.. and Harold Hammond of Bowmanville, 0nt.. combined to place first.

The Manitoba team of John Buliied and I-"irmin Michiels, both of Holland. was second.

The Quebec team of Jean Paul and Jean Guy Cote. both of Neil- vllle, won the garden project, with Glenn McLeod and Baudoine Knrne of oaldbank, Man.. second.

British Columbia won the potato judging, with the team of Robert Bose of surrey Centre and Sargit Sirrgh. Clover-dale. Second place went to the Nova Scotla duo of Emerson Thorpe and William Tuli- per of Canning.

Alberta. won the final two con- tests-in clothing and food. opal Keller and Norma Stephenson of Cayley took the clothing project and Betty Brown and Helen Wag- ner of Naion the food.

moves around the sun, and as- tronomers, after much calculation. found that its speed is 18 miles a second! It has been computed that Capella is much fleeter. namely 30 miles a second! Another curious item is that the ancients spoke of Capella as a red star: to me it is a yellow star, with a hint of green. Changes like this have happened to many stars and sug- gested changes in temperature.

I have a few old white birch trees, planted before I came here, and all are afflicted with "die- back." One, nearest the house. has been fertilized and watered this summer, and has, to some ex- tent, shown improvement. There is. however. no cure for die-back in oldl-trees.

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non for the October meeting. The president presided and the

meeting opened with the Institute

Ode and Collect repeated by all.

Nineteen members answered roll call with several visitors pre- sent. Roll call for November

meeting is to be answered by each

member donating I cup for the Institute, a. start on Institute dishes.

Each member was asked to make three articles during the winter in preparation for a future bazaar.

A demonstration on tatting was given by Mrs. A. Macl..ean. Mrs. John Beer is to give a demonstra- tion on punch work at the Novem- ber meeting. which is to meet with the president, Mrs. George Dixon, on Nov. 20. Mrs. R. D. Matheson was chosen to keep a scrap book of all endeavours in the Institute. The programme consisted of readings by Mrs. John Darrach and Mrs. me MaePhail.

A letter was read asking for blood doner volunteers. This mato ter was left to the members them- selves to get donors.

The meeting closed by singing the National Anthem.

A delicious lunch was enjoyed in the social hour which followed th meeting.

During ihc- first week in Octa- ber many of Britain's finest Devon bulls. cows and heifers were on show in the cattle market at Exe- ter. in Devonshilre. The occasion was the 105th show of the Devon Cattle Breeders Society. Picture shows a row of fine tuberculin-

Effioienoy In The Laying Pens

High labour efficiency in the laying house has been an out- standing achievement of poultry management in recent years. Large insulated pens with controlled ventilation, have made possible many of the laying pen innovat- ions which are giving excellent results.

The use of deep litter has been a great old in reducing labour, In- stead of changing the litter fre- quently throughout the year, the poultryman new places about sLx inches cf shavings on the floor when the pullets are first placed in the laying pens, and then he adds straw to the litter every two or three weeks until it is built up to a depth of ten or twelve riches. It is not necessary to chop the straw before using it. If grain is fed in the litter. the hens will keep it stirred up and in good condition, providing no water is spilled around the drinking foun- tains. It is not necessary to change the litter for at least one year. at which time it has 3. high fertiliz- ing value. T

Manure pits have also helped to streamline laying house manage- ment. They need only be cleaned once or twice a year and,'as' a rule, there is no objectionable odour from them. Manure pits al- so lend themselves to good habits. for it has been found that prac- tically no trouble is experienced in training pullets to roost in ord- erly rows when rcosts. with wire underneath them. are placed over the manure pits at right angles to the back wall, The current prac- tice, in some types of pens. of ell minating roosts entirely. has not found favour with many poultry- men who have tried this system Loses from smothering have oc- curred where no roost: are pro- vided and other disabilities from crcwding are suspected.

Other devices such as automatic drinking fountains have also prov ed their worth. At the present time mechanical feeders are be- ing given a trial and they may prove to be of ccnslclerablc value on large establishments. -

At the Domnion Experimental Station. Fredericton, N. 13.. deep litter, manure pits, and continu- ous flow water fountains are all giving excellent results. Advantage can be taken of these practices. even in old houses which can of- ten be remodelled satisfactorily at reasonable cost.

Tree Fruit Seed

OTTAWA .

x

A Korean army nurse. undismay- ed by the: lack of porters. hoist her

to her station.

much as the women themselves.

of an ancient boron in Wales called for rabbit at a banquet of political importance. His clever, melted cheese and served it

cheese bread; cheese muffins; cheese

1950-The importance of tree fruit seed to the horticult- ure industry is obvious. Most fruit trees being sold at present are bud- ded into seeding rootstocks. Fruit

baggage to her head and carries it The loads Korean women carry sometimes weigh as

tested Devoil bulls. with, in the foreground of this-group of Class 1 bulls, Robert William's Devon Bull "Cotleigh Captain Currie" (No. 8), who won lst prize and Champion Male. He was purchas- ed 'by Harry I-Iobson and Co., for 650 guineas, for export to Aus- tralla.

cheese Hints From Culinary Experts

For centuries, cheese has been one of the standbys of cooks. In fact, cheese has played more than one vital role in the making and breaking of empires, An example is Welsh Rabbit. born of a total absence of game when the menu

chef, extremely on toast, christening it Welsh Rab- bit.

Canadian Cheddar cheese can be put to advantageous use on today's menu. For instance, with an almost universal taste for cheese with apple pie, the culinary experts of Canada's Kitchen (the ladies of the consumer section, Canada De- partment of Agriculture) suggest adding cheese to the pastry or lay- ing thin slices over the top after the pie is baked, letting it melt as the pie re-heats just before serving. The Consumer ection specialists continue with these cheese sug- gestions: grated cheese in cream of potato, onion and corn soups;

mixed with bread-crumbs to top a vegetable casserole or a fruit crisp; grated cheese with grated raw ap- ple for a sandwich filling; a sprink- le of grated cheese on scrambled 9885; Cheese with cooked white navy beans, made into a loaf as a meat alternate; spread grated Cheddar. mixed with a little salad dressing, on half-inch-thick slices of red- skinned apple. and serve as an ap- petizer; stuff big. plump prunes and use as an appetizer; open-faced sandwich - on toast place a. thick slice of tomato. pour on hot cheese sauce; use cheese in tomato jelly for a luncheon salad; potato cheese puff - add cheese to fluffy mashed potatoes and brown in the oven. Add grated Cheddar to salad drmslng for tomato or plain let- tuce salad; add grated cheese to beef swat; sprinkle top of baked apple with shredded Cheddar, re- turn to oven until cheese melts; These are only a few suggestions. For mcre details and actual recipes for cheese dishes. an application to the Consumer section, Canada De- partment of Agriculture, Ottawa will bring copies of booklets and folders covering the subject thor- oughly.

breeding programmes involve the growing of lairge numbers of seed- iings and selecting from these the most promising individuals, says 13. R. Wilkinson. Dominion Experi- mental Station. Morden. Man. . Fruit harvested for seed should be left until "dead ripe”. This al- lows the seed to reach full matur- ity and simplifies the seed cleaning process. If the seed is to be stored or ship- ped it may be dried, although dry- ing is not essential to growth. and some authorities believe it to be somewhat deterimental. Most seeds requilre a "rest period." This may be defined as a stage in the life cycle of the plant when. due to internal physiological factors, it cannot be induced to grow. The rest period normally occurs while the plant or seed is dormant. due to climate influence, consequently it is often overliooked by the inex- perienced grower. In the case of our temperate clim- ate fruits. a period of chili- ing is required to,,break the rest period. This explains the need for "stratification" or "after ripening” of most seeds. Stratification may be carried out as follows. Seeds may be mixed with dam-p sand and placed in cold stor- age at 84 degirees Fahrenheit, or in a root cellar where hard freezing does not occur. Where a root cellar is not available seeds may be but- ried outdoors in a box of moist sand. beneath about 2 feet ofiweli drained soil. They are removed in the spring and sown in the usual way. . The length of the stratification period required varies with the species. Apple and pedr seeds re- quire from two to three months; apricot. two to three months; Nank- lng cherry. three months; native plum, five months; sour cherry, five montiu, and Korean cherry. three months. An alternate after ripening meth- od. which usually given satisfaction. is to sow the seeds in autumn. as

Value of Protein Value

minimum of protein of animal or marine origin in swine rations has been emphasized in most swine feeding recommendations.

A feeding experiment was con- ducted at the Domnion Experi- mental Farm, Nappan, N. 8., to obtain info-rrnaton on the mini- mum use of these feeds in swine rations. The results are of im- portance because of the ing evidence in support of the pro- tein supplementary value of these feeds and the shortages of feeds of animal origin which have oc- cured in the past. The proportion of animal protein in the ration

protein supplements consisting of these two feeds and containing r65D8Ci:lVe1Y. 50; E; lo; and 0 per cent of tankage were

9E1V9d 8 Protein sup-Iement con- sisting of equal parts of linseed oil meal and soya bean oil meal. Barley constituted the entire bas- al ration for all hogs.

There is very little differences in "10 BVei'Bse rate of live weight gain of the hogs among the five Timon ETOUPS. The hogs receiving protein from vegetable sources only showed the same average rate of gain as those receiving tank- &Be- The average feed efficiency as measured by the meal consum- ed per unit of live weight increase and carcass gain. was only slight- ly lower for the hogs receiving linseed oil meal alone or with soy- bean oil meal as with the protein supplement.