NOVEMBER 12. 1951

-THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

PAGE sevai

I

:'l:HE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

FIFTH DELEGATE ASSEMBLY

world Organization of the Teach- - profession held its Fifth Dele- mlf, memoiy in Valletta, Malta. Brloni July 20th to 25th. Over sev- lmiy acerediated delegates and ob- WH, were present. representing mchers' organizations in Austral- i, Canada. Ceylon, England, Eire. imv.:, India. Israel, Italy. Japan, mun, Nigeria. Northern Ireland, ;.,,,..-ny. Scotland. Switzerland and 3he United States and three inter- 'mmm.1 organizations. UNESCO. rj-r.'r.s. and r.r.r.a:.s.c.o.

The Canadian Teachers' Fede- ,mg;. delegates were Mr. E. T. wmms, President. Mr. George G. gmskgry, Secretary-Treasurer, and Misses Pearl Creasor. Hellen Mil-

desirable in international leaders. W.0.P.T. is fortunate in having had these men at the helm during the early course of this relatively young organization and many del- egates are hoping that they may be persuaded to continue to give itions of re- . C. O. T. P. when that new international body of

of their talents in p sponsibility in the

is constituted in the summer 1952.

members.

Time and space will not permit Justice to be done in this newslet- ter to the magnificent job so ably performed by Mr. Alfred Buhagiar. President of the Malta Union of Teachers. and many of his fellow

the Maltese

OUR

The Union Jack is s'syinbol. It stands for the land that gave us birth. the land which we claim as our own. It was” the flag of our forefathers; it is our flag; and it will be the flag of those who come after us. It speaks to us of the pastk the present and the future. It reminds us of the struggles, the trials. and successes 'oi our fore- fetlicrs, who built up its fame. It calls upon us to keep it free from dishonour, and to hand it on to those of a later day still further emblazoned with the record of noble deeds. nobly done.

The original English flag was the banner of St. George. the pa- tron saint of England. It ,was a red cross set in a white ground.

FLAG

cross of st. George. 'rhis was the first Union Jack.

Then. in i801, the Parliament of Ireland was united with the Par- liament of Great Britain and the three countries of England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland be- came the United Kingdom.

The cross of St. Patrick, a diag- onald red cross set in a white ground, was added to the Union Jack of England and Scotland. This is the Union Jack of the British Empire today. and it is flown by representatives of the Empire the 'world over. Each member of the British Common- wealth of Nations, however, has the right to have its own flhg.

We hoist it to show our devotion

A man-made river with a flow as great as the gushing Ottawa is to be thrust through solid rock, hundreds of feet below the sur- face. right under the heart of the city of Niagara Falls. It will plunge through a 515 mile tunnel. equal in height to a four-storey building. The tunnel is the key work of a project which will take until 1954 before first power is produced. and until a year later before the last of the new energy is pumped to nearby factories and cities.

The Niagara tunnel will carry river water from a mile above the Falls to a point opposite the Whirlpool Rapids, where it will be iunnelled into an open canal. The canal will carry the water the final two miles to Queenston where it will spill over the tower- ing Niagara escarpment to tumble 295 feet down into the turbines oi a new generating station.

Roughly twice as much energy can be produced by the same am- ount of water at Queenston as if it were dropped down the escarp- ment at a point alongside the Falls, where the total fall is only

TI-IE NIAGARA

site where the new generating station is being erected. This re- presents a drop of about 300 feet in 11,; miles of read. an unusually sharp grade. ,

Enough rock and earth will be excavated from the tunnel and canal to fill 1.100.000 15-ton dump trucks. The concrete to be used would buiid.a standard side-walk between Niagara Falls and Van- couver.

The finished product will give Ontario at least 2V: times asmuch power from the Niagara than is now harnessed. In horsepower: it will at least rank alongside the biggest project anywhere else in the world, the Grand Coulee in Washington State.

The Grand Couleeis maximum capacity of 2,000,000 h.p. will be reached next fall. In kilowatt hours the Niagara will be bigger. be- cmuse of the dependable flow of water in the Niagara River-un- surpassed anywhere in the world.

A remarkable thing about the new Niagara treaty is that, for the first time, the scenic Falls are guaranteed a flow which will maintain its beauty as a tourist

The Afternoon Auxiliary W. S. of Trinity

with the e-resident, Mil. G.

antheinums added beauty in Autumn meeting. - The worship service. led

Mrs. Avard. which opened

Lennan. Mrs. Stems and Mrs. W. Muich. Mrs. sarunde ., Bagnall and Mrs. R. E. read selections from the Book which told of the

M11

and were much they were not recognized.

parted.

The Breadalbane

TRINITY AITERNOON W: M. I

United Church. Charlottetown, held their Novem- ber meeting on Thursday, Nov. 1st, at 3 p. m.. in the Social Hall,

Avard. presiding. A beautiful bou- quet of yellow and bronse chrys-

singing Hymn I'M. "I have Thy Kingdom. Lord." was takien from the "How to Use." in connection

Scripture lessons. and Mrs. Mac. Mrs.

Study tttasks

jMm masks, called upon their neighbors amused when , After receiving-treats they quietly de-

Station has

and yI'0bIOml of student mission: arias." "Sunday school in tho Home by Mail and Air." "How these schools are organised." and "Thrilling Experiences of the I Murine Mission boats which are operated under the Board of Home Missions. along the coasts of New- foundland, Labrador and thl Pacific Coast." the In Dr. MacDonald's book. "From Lakes to Northern Lights," by he says:- "These boa on tho )3 Atlantic and Pacific oasis con-. stitute the Mission fleet of The United Church of Canada. With- out them thousands of our peo-

M.

with the Study Book. "From pie - living for the most part in Lakes to Northern Lights.” isolation, sometimes in poverty Mrs. Harold Newsdn read the and real hardship - Wm-lld ll.

left without the ministries of thy Christian Gospel.

"The missionaries in charge 01 the boats cover extensive terri- tories. ply treacherous waters and their tasks demand real fortitude and perseverance. They are home missionaries in tho truest sense and merit the apprec- iation and loyal support of the church they serve."

The program proved to be most instructive and interesting, and all felt they had learned many

W. tch

.,-Y

1er,BlaliChe Snell. and Catherine The hospuamy D! scholes. Many Maltese teachers teachers and me cmzens 0! the Ittwasririi: 1707. dwhendthesPai!-lia; To our Queen. W 0"? country 180 feet. Practically the- entire attraction, yet more water can be Tecemly W9” 3m'3"lV9l)' painted. things about the work of Home QIICIKINI. the open sleaslions iindvat wand generally )6” nommg to be eml:mdn9”?”t mallet uzfgt ' End l3W-'1'. - drop of the river between Lakes diverted for power than ever be- Bllclla "191 59-cllon men are busy Missions in Canada. which are umrs even the gal er es iirlalfd he desired. A round of scam events Arderew me. Sm" guns”; Scot: 1” ll"; Ouiwliftl Ind Vlslble Erie and Ontario can be taken ad- fore. This has been accomplished imdnls MPYDV9-menl-I on the rail- carried on by the Board of Homo mKL);1c'I:lctelI:elIrIesr 0:? tlligreconfgrence imludcd cmermnment M the land a'dlEBOllIBl white cross set in of e;?I3:fl?:emEnt and libertif's val,A1,ulyI;; 0! act1Q1IFenston' ti tio llffy dadjulllnglhthefnllw "i..immif.i3f Wollen rF1'rll::eI;:ul3lll)z!I1bt:!to': tliiiezi (thy ms5mns.souldtthlI1iwomen'S 1I'1uIl- g ill G ., g ' ' X1 OP aZZ ing C0115 I IC H y I'D 8 I B W ' - '3 8 SIOIIKX , . ' '

3 Memo” Palacm 3 party give" blue ground was united with the cause. feature is the blasting out of a months when power demand is DUKE 01 Edinburgh will pass lusfraged itnp tvlie gsttldgre vl3e00lf.:

b . y the Prime Mlmsten receptions road down the sheer face of the higher and the value of the Falls through lllls lll-tle Vllltlse. Many ”From Lakes to Northern I-l8hts."

MirlEoii' National Teachers' Organi-

. by the Faculty f the R l U t- . ZalliJl!S .l;1eli;ae (')Trl1l:ll'Moll:dIl:l1rlgl::l V91-5;t,y 01 M513, .h.,”y;.....',2. FILL IN BLANKS IN TEE FOLIDWING SENTENCES escarpment to reach the riverbank as a tourist attraction is sn&ail.L gegllsvnlfillgaegers arle wonderfingthif The business period followed M('llilJPTS o. c - imimng Immune" the suns or 1' Th com t 1 th 1 1 260 1 h 5 Th l - - . ' B B mime 0 e wth the reading of the minutes ;;'e in Their Educational 5"Vlce several schools, ...'.u a. Sunday inhabitetI by ferfllilp ace-Erin Iltmleast rainmisu . e p&I: Y Royal couple as they pm by' and n"””Ci5l 5"''''emem 19' OCT 2 ll The” Pm”55"mal o"3am' boat trip to the island of Gaza. North Eastern Siberia. 2. The South Africa, where less than an IHSTOR On October goth D. A J Mu, l,?,”,f,:;d;;”,',',,s) vZ.j;Cl.des:)ar,'3 coT:,l;:ltig ' Malt ill b )3 db 1-, Llzermomcter there drops to inch mtim I ii i . 6. ' ' t' - .' - -I . - l ' ' t ' ' , . ': i '- . fem: 2.: -. deriiiilldlnil-' . tempies, cgmcgmbg compuable sometimes rises to degrees ---. 7. The present House of u5egnentS' in the nature of beesgmr clearing held aalxlgltgllg-Qua-ll-. Elliirlotitetoviiii. tee to homes and hospitals. lllllulln RlSlll5 ""1 wmld Clllzf with those of Rome, beautiful llll0Ve 2510 ln l-hi? Sllnile 0! J!-lllf. Commons Con-5lS'-3 01 mem- In Upper Canada there was lit- land. raising of barn. paring apples Breadamaneg V” C H; h n I E , Mm Avmd cxpressed " 5 d9” eiislizr. . churches and cathedrals, ancient (ll'0DDln3- ll0W9VBl'. 10 the freezing bef5- 8- The DF85lClln8 Olllcer Ol tie. in the way of amusements. A for drying. husking corn, etc, They which ap mximgttlge - tc oglld 3'' sympnhy M an Soclely I "V"

PIUl95-5l0ll3l Ellllw forts End picturesque harbours. Dullllv On the W3"nC55 Slllnnle" llle Sena"? 01' 1'10”-55 Of Commons dance to the music of a fiddle was were the occasion for much jol- 1.-om thep followinfzy illitllllcgiwlfg .Ii"e'Eb"g Iecerljuy bereaYed' Mm

The procedure for dealing with terraced farm lands. each field ”ll3l"5- 3' The lW"95'- Pl”? ln 15 The -rm almost the only thing of the sort. lity and ended with a dance. 0r- 1,,.,Cu1ated. meadalbi W ' ' .."”m”” 5 Md Mb5' '71 4' mega topics was: . with its wan to regain the mm the world is the interior oi the Be not the first by whom the new Pioneer life left little leisure time. ganizccl sports were being intro- B,.,,..,n,,,;,e Ruralane St ,f1?,,g'i' M.aI.i1Na'L . '

:1: introduction of the toric by layer of precious soil. white stone E-"EM I .Wh8l'e the lher- are try'd and pleasures were usually associ- duced only towards the end of the sprmgton sp,mgneld' Rosfiglaij mase Eeccmber "flel;m”5.-Chris” llllfl Nldl'C5-995 '-5 t39'E91li3Nl 35' b"lldlllS5- !le"l' SVBY battleships. mlllnel" "585 l0 d98I'PeS- 4- Not yet the last .to lay the old ated with some feature of their period. curling and cricket being 193., Glen' valley, eplegsnm valley of galamw-3; 1:9 ":1 ch;I”g,' srnibly. brilliant blue waters. clear skies The Well-05?: P180? in lhe World aside. work such as the sugaring-off in the first to appear Hartsvilie Emerald and Norboro I Rub l . I u C an r -

.2) A number of section mcct- and dazzling sunshine will mingle --m. ---. Where the mean an- ' ' Y W e' . lugs for group discussion on each in our memories with lasting im- SAMUEL IIEAME The Breadalbane United Church (0? ilpglir .meC.tm-3 was plmned iPl)lC- ' if-”C55l0n3 01 the kindness of lief MATCH He was an employee of the Hud. 1.-mding the Copper deposits were Women's Missionary Society en- 6. ..-i..-if aN:.Ci'eIeII'Iul1Igl8. NggleixrxIslberI

W R9ll0”5 "3 llle lleneml 35" "c"p1e' , 1. Arcliimedes e A device for moviii heav- son's Bay Company chosen be- oi little value. he turned back but lerlalned the memlleri 01 the Would be present to discuss sembly of what took place in the The following words of Mr. Al- . 2, John James Audubon I weights. E ) cause of his knowledge of riavoai swung still farther to the west H, Christian Church W. M. S.. and church work in various forms as ieriion meetings. fred Buhagiar serve to point up 3 Em-no L The 0”” or an East mm” tree mm and surveying, to lead an gxg a great mm ..AmapuScow--. prob. those of the Presbyterian W.M.S. a Vacation, with interested girls.

The Assembly considered the the ””P”””"” 9' me WW” 0” 4 Blacklcs used in medicine ' pedltlon in 1770 to investigate In- ably Great Slave Lake. From there at the United Church Manse. on Mrs. Avard kindly invited the final draft constitution for the Kanlzlmoll 0' the Tcllclllllll iPF0' 5. Luther Burbank - g. An American naturalist who dian tales of mineral wealth in the he returned almost due east to Th""5d3-V- N0Vel'nlWF 133- Ml'S- -1 Study Group to meet at her home World Cunlederlil-l0n 0! 0rsaniza- lessm" Md 5m” the keylli”-9 ll" 6. Capstan developed many new fruits and north-west. Travelling with a par- Fort Prince of wales. He wrote a J M39L90dv Presldenl Of the en- On Thursday evening, November tions of the Teaching Profession. me lnmauo” M me Wm” Cm" 7- Chuulmooslra flowers ty of Indians he spent ill months flne record of his remarkable jour- lemllnlng 50Cl9lY Dleslded during 8111. and the meeting closed with

Al":-iumenls 101' and against lls fedemuo” ” 0r3”m”u”m OI me ll. Rudolph Diesel h A variety of grape. exploring the, Barren Lands- from my whose results were. however. the pre5em”l-1”” Of all ll"-ereslilng llle Mlzpah Benediction. -, sccrptsnce were ably preesnted by Teachlnll gPl'0l955l0ll ln ill? 5uln- 5). Concord ;, A German inventor. 1.-on pmwe of wares west: than largely negative because of the ilrosram of readings. a solo. and T ' m.1ii,v delegates. When the vote m" 9f 19325 I0 "Digitalis j, Cnlendlllt north to the mouth of the Cop- barren nature of the country. 53395 50n8!- 5eV8l'Bl.Dl'eSE!!l5 led St. Crlspln has been called thg V was taken. the W.0.'1'.P. approv- ”It is in the collective effort of 11. William Gorgas k. An Italian pioneer in wireless pcrmlne river at the Arctic Ocean. m ll”l.'e1'- Dumli the Simlal ll0'-"I Pal-W" Saint Ol Sllnemulfefl ll!- ea me proposed basis for the larg- the world assemblies, such (15 um, 1;, G,-ego,-rm, telegmphyt I a delicious lunch was served. cause he made leather sandals for er union with is votes in favour working for better schools. better 123. Marconi l. The seeds or leaves of the fox- NARRATIVE POETRY , E. the poor in France. and four against. It was noted teachers, and better citizens that 14. Thomas Newconieii glove. used in medicine. . . . v 4- - that W. O.T. P. hational members the free democratic world might if). George Ohm in. An American sanitation cxpgrl Tlml '5' lmelry which ""5 3 0! which hi"? sumved md ""3 Quickieg h K Be not present would accounts,” 13 how to see humanity saved Hum 10. Pekingese noted for ms work In me Pan": story. is one oi the oldest kinds of sung down to the present day. I o y 8!! ynoldd icics not cast. the forces of evil. It is eiicourag- l7. Anopheles ama Canal Zone. literature) Indeem nmmuvei. in Em” poem I5 I long m"”."Ve -

While the sessions of tlic Assem- l”8 min ,9dl"33t0l'5 H0 beC0lnln'.; 18. Culex rt. A German electrician Verse are knownum hatlle texmted Psalm w:1mte?l-)n 3. ntfbkr dlgniflieg My and the section meeungs were more sensitive to these i-cspoiisibi- 19. Yucca o. The kind oi mosqiiqito common "I 5"c,h ilenfote me: unad 53:”? ll yfc fwd E mg at flee,m": 6;? gr inforniative and inspiring. formal 1"-la-5 3”-ll Lb” may 3” Ewmil 30- Sequoia. in the northern part of U. S. Sdmm”: :56 ac" e eVeA 1:; l;::..5m;:I,fm gtggfallurxsiig 09:"; resolutions play a minor part in m9"3hl' to l9”"5 ill 9dl1C5ll0" A p. A very small. long-haired dog. poeffy 5 om: mp llirosm 5mm b the fact that n has lgeatu. "2- ,h., ,,,1,.,,1.,e,, de,,.,,d mm pm- which will meet the urgent needs 3- mineral often present in q. The mad 0; nqosqulto wmch bi" 35 "Y 3 as "5- Y . 9 litlpntlou in an jntgrnauonal-um. of today. metal deposits. may transmit malaria to m n have been fond of recording both dignity and sweep and presents

” 3 I history and fiction in poetic form. more lifelike characters than they

A disease of cattle. .. A Greek scientist. 5' An American artist and natur- f alist. ' l

A desert plant. An English blacksmith. An evergreen tree

do; that is, an epic deals wit great national events and wit characters who are interesting aside from the story.

In a romance, our interest is concentrated on the story. the reader being satisfied if the heroes fight well and the ladies are beautiful. You can usually tell a genuine epic from a romance or other narrative poem by asking

Teachers realize. perhaps more fully than others. that the desire for and the competence to achieve a free and peaceful world are de- pendent in a large part upon the purposes and quality of education. and upon the role teachers" asso- ciations assume in thclf own coun- iry. and in the maintenance of cc--operative relationships among fellow associations in other lands!

ii:fCllCe of this nature. The iii- furmal "and unscheduled talks be- iiiccli delegates from different :cililil'Iel. lttie understanding of problems faced by colleagues in niher parts of the world. and last- ing friendships established bring not only a broadening of interest ii:'.iI enrichment of education for the individuals concerned but also. through new' relationships estab-

In the earliest English literature three classes of narrative poetry were especially important; (1) epics-long, dignified poems telling of the brave deeds of heroes; (2) romances-long, imaginative ac- counts of the Ioves and adventures of fair ladies and brave knights; (3) ballads-shorter narrative poems, simple in plot and intend- ed to be sung. Chaucer's Canter-

nop-

-SYMBOLISM

The use of something. animate or inaiiiinate. to stand for or rep- resent somethiiigb moral or intel- ltctuzil. Thus a lamb may symbol-

ze innocence: an olive branch. peace; the letter X. any unknown quantity.

:1i?5d..'i.”.i.lY.”.?3 .:.l::. .2.:8:”;::l::: ”'.T.'i3.:.".S2.5i”li.'.;. .. THE VALUE OF CROP ROTATION -- or ,;---,- spirit of unity among the national perish; if we work upon stone it 1- It maintains the humus sup- taken from different soil levels 'f;',f,l;nc;';”1".fl,f. ';”,:o 2:33 f,f;,,dMf,r h',';f:,';””and":,'.', .,;;

ply by means of a grass crop. rather than only one.

2. It restores nitrogen by the 4. It helps to control weeds, fun- growing of legumes. The supplylgus diseases and insects. Summer of nitrogen in the soil, can be fallow and intertilled crops are maintained by growing a legume very effective in controlling weeds. crop once in four years. V Many fungi and insects attack

3. It alternates crops navlng only one kind of crop, and by different root systems and habits change of crop they are controlled. of growth, so that plant. food is

FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE FOLLOWING SENT- ENCES USING ONE OF THE WORDS WHICH IS IN BRACKETS

cliiiracters interesting aside from the things they do.

A lyric may be defined as a poem that expresses some personal feeling or emotion of the author; or. as the literary critics put it. the lyric is subjective. In this re- spect it is contrasted with the drama. and with the narrative. which are primarily objective. In the drama our interest arises from the characters and what they do and say; in a narrative our inter- est arises from the story itself;

will crumble to dust; but if we lake at child and train it well. we rear a monument which time can never eiface.

ends about saints and tales told in verse form.

If we are interested in a poem chiefly because of what happens. it is narrative; if our interest arises chiefly from the pictures of individual scenes. it is descriptive; if we find our interest in the story shared by passages that serve only to express feeling, the poem is at least partly lyrical. r

A Ballad is a song that tells a story. Ballads are usually short and are intended to be sung The

Icnciicrs' organizations and a more valuable interchange of in- formation throughout the year.

President Wm. Russell and Sec- retary General Wm. G. Carr again exemplified the best of qualities

FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE FOLLOWING EXERCISE

is the ore from which tungsten is obtained. It is used in the mak- ing of the --h electric lamps. 13. The greatest silk manufactur- ing toivn in the world is --. vine-growing

D. F.

I. The little island of Nauru is rzcli in . 2. The Fiji Is- lands are-:- islands. 3. The hirgest of the Hawaiian islands is an is the larg- est active volcano in the island.

H The greatest ' L N . 1 t 1 d - . ,. 1

4 prom Victoria, B.c., to mick. country of the world is-T-. oskire; mlshignltlgclli) 0 en mi? 11;iE;,y)' h t h story the ballad poet tells is so but in a lyric the poet allows us . i- 34., g , 3.