Publisnes every week-day mornmg at 165 Prince Stree : P E.x., by Thomson Newspapers Lcd. Frank Walker, Editor Member Canatian Daily Newspaper

Publishers Association : of The Canadian Press ‘Montague and Albertes

Previnees and United States $12.09 per annum PAGE 4 SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1959 -

Salute To The Loser

Following his resignation on Sept. 15 or 16,.Premier Matheson plans taking a month's: vacation—his first real one since 1953—before resum- ing. his .private law practice. Our citizens, regardless of politics, will extend their-very. best wishes. Pub-

~-lie life is an exacting master, and

Mr. Matheson has hot spared him- self in performing his duties con- scientiously. He has had a long term in office, and will still be occupied, as Opposition leader, in a very im-. portant public capacity. But he can afford now to relax a bit, so far as political chores aré concerned; and we trust that he will come back from his holidays refreshed in body and spirit.

This is_as good an—oecasion as any to express our thanks to the retiring Premier for the co-operation and courtesy he has extended to the Press. The Guardian has never been his partisan supporter, but~he made no distinction on that ground. We have had our quarrels with him, it~ is true, and this goes also for his cabinet colleagues; but he—and they—bore no grudges and there was never- any attempt to discriminate so far as important news releases were concerned. In most cases, the ‘public. got ‘them first through The . Guardian as the medium of earliest and widest distribution throughout the Province. -

However busily engaged, as he usually was, the Premier never re- fused an interview, and frequently . talked “off the record” with surpris- ing frankness in explanation of some particular course he was pursuing. This he did to supply background for the news story or editorial com- ment, not to influence the paper through its representative, which he never sought to do.

The resiilt has been a satisfactory arrangement between Government and Press based on mutual respect, which we have tried to cultivate with fairness and which we valued the more because it has not always been forthcoming from politicians. It was based, on the Government’s part, on realization that the news- papers, after all, aré not just a necessary nuisance but a legitimate . and vital vehicle of public opinion and source of public information. We ‘have no doubt that the same frank relations will prevail with the new Conservative administration under “Mr. Shaw; but we would be remiss in not acknowledging the services Mr. Matheson has rendered in this respect.

Lessons For Canada

According to the Financial Post, a newly published British report on the working of the monetary system

’ js likely to prove highly topical—and

possibly disturbing—at Ottawa. The report throws light on many of the key ‘questions .Canadians have. been | ‘asking—about the relations between _ the Central Bank and the Govern- ment, about the effect of interest rates, the. control of the monéy supply, the role of the chartered, banks and much else.

Although conditions in the Unit- ed Kingdom are in-some ways quite different from Canada’s, yet our monetary institutions and methods trace their ancestry directly to Lon- don, and the parallels’ in this case are, if not precise, highly suggestive. _ The new report--known as the “Radcliffe Report” bedause Lord Rad- cliffe was chairman ‘of the eight- man committee of : industrialists, bankers and economists—resvits. | from an enquiry launched in 1957, after a sHuation rather like that which Canada now faces.

_For one thing,'the report des- cribes the Central Bank—Bank of. England or Bank of Canada—as_be- ing essentially subordinate to the Government. It , completely rejgcts the idea that. it might be a sort of watchdog defending the currency a- gainst an extravagant administratioa, Its policies “must be from first to last in harmony with those avowed and defended by Ministers of the

’

. Crown responsible to Parliament.”

villages and Laos complained about it

t. gain on Thursday for Vancouver for

This is because’ “monetary policy | cannot be envisaged as a form of economic strategy which pursues its

ese”

Se | nT Bea TR Re eR Bere eR eT eee . >. -

pe

own independent odjectives. It is a part of the country’s economic pol- icy as a whole and must be planned as such.” : » Monetary policy is described ‘as one of three methods the Government can use to direct economic policy: ‘the others are fiscal measures and ° | direct controls. Monetary measures can help, but alone cannot be relied upon “to keep in nice balance an economy subject to major strains both without and within.” This con- _clusion, notes the Post writer, is in striking contrast to the - faith in

monetary policy shown in the sum- |

mer’s hearings of Canada’s Senate Finance Committee. There, it was stated, we hat the weapons to beat inflation; only the will was doubtful. - The British Committee—though overwhelmingly “free eaterprise” . and anti-social in outlook—said: “In some circumstances selective direct controls might be preferable to ex-— clusive reliance~on monetary meas- ures.” ~ Other conclusions reached by the British committee run counter to current Canadian assumptions. They deserve, at least, to be carefully studied by. our finance exy ts. —

Crisis In Laos

Laos has appealed to the Unit- ed .Nations to send troops to help repel Communist attacks, and Brit- ain has promptly announced that it favors U.N. action if aggression in Laos is proved.. Britain, itis said, has a special interest in the area be- _cause it was, with Russia, a co-chair- - man of the 1954 Geneva conference which ended t r in Indochina. sIt 4s now sugges by Britain, that the two countries should ask the United Nations to send an ob- server team to the country, pre- sumably to determine who is at fault.

It seems unlikely that Russia will join in making any such request. The Communists operations in Laos -have evidently been inspired and aided by Red China, and the Soviets are not going to embarrass their allies by demanding a showdown on their subversive activities in this-manner.

The present troubles began sev- eral months ago, when armed for- ces from Communist North Vietnam took oyer some northern Laotian

to the Sécretary-General of the Unit- ed Nations, apparently without ef- fect, The fighting so far has been mostly skirmishes, but it is mount- ing in intensity and the position of the country—bounled by two Com- munist, ‘two pro‘Western and two middle-of-t h e-road nations—makes it a battlefield of strategic import- ance. .:

The United States, no doubt, will support Britain in backing the Laoti- an appeal to the U.N. at this time. | But if, indeed, Communist China is ‘the real aggressor, what action can be taken? The latter nation is not a member of the United Nations, and it has been largely due to pressure by Washington—which recognizes only Chiang Kai-shek’s forces in

«China—that it remains excluded. | Were it,teceived fully into the inter- | national family, it could be dealt with more effectively. China’s behaviour, too, might be better if resentments were salved and anxieties allayed as to American activities. in Asia. That is mere speculation, but there is nothing speculative about the fact that the cause of world peace has been. poorly served by ignoring Red

“

Ee ee ee ee ee Ce ee Pa eT ge BS . - a

_NOT SO SURE THAT HE WANTS TO BE RESCUED

OTTAWA REPORT

Encouraging Statistics

By Patrick Nicholson

Daily papers report the news of our nation; broadcasting sta- tions report the news, too often the tragic news, of. our commuoe- ities. But what of our personal news? How are we as families geiting along in our various homes across the land?

The answer can be built up as an interesting and compcsite whole from the sta- tisties gathered by our Dominion Bureau’ of Statistics, in its huge sew home on the nostalgically- named ‘‘Tunney’s Pasture’ her in Ottawa. :

That answer, in short, is thai we are doing better and better year by year.

Recent statistical bulletins told us that exports of Canadian pro- duce reached a record velue in the second quarter of this year: and that the paid workers in our record |abour force are drawing salaries and wages some 8 per cent above last year.

JOHNNY CANUCK

=

But it is the more homey side.

of the Bureau's recent reports which give us that composite pic- ture of the Canadian family in warmer tones than the broad na- tional picture.

Such as the fact that in 1957, some 1,089,000 gross of wooden clothes pins were produced in Ca mada, nearly 10 pin: for every man, woman and child in the aa and a staggering two

to that—question-

and one-half times the number produced only five years earlier. What a picture that conjures up | of 2mple shirts and dresses and diapers strung from the Atlantic to the Pacific every Monday mor- a ER mama s ‘

As for food, the oumber of hogs on Canadian farms has jumped 11 per cent above last year, and fas only once been exceeded in our history; that was in 1943, w>en Canadian bacon was one of the staples of beleagured and reiuzee crowded Britain. Perhaps the culinary marriage of bacon with eggs wal help to reverse the sight downwatd trend in our egg consumption ‘down 8 eggs per person per year, to 24.8 dozen).

But last year we ate more cheese. at 6.75 poundsaper head, including 4.72 pounds of good Canadian cheddar. And peihaps our waistlines in some cases test- ‘ify to our bigher consumption of dwp-bougit ice cream, up to 17.12 pints per. person._

Those of us who want our drinks cooler and our homes warmer are also well catered to. 50 establishments across Canada, half of them in Ontario, made ar- tiffcll ice, imcreasing their out- put by 13 per cent to 1,058,000,- 000 pounds. Incidentally we also spent a record $13,990,000 on met- ai bottle caps. ¥

A record 143,838 warm air fur

maces were made, to heat our fiomes; one third of them being

Red Menace In Laos

By Alan Harvey Canadian Press Staff Writer

The latest news from the lotus land of Laos suggests that a con- flict with comic - opera overtones may have to be treated with the utmost gravity.

For some time there has been a tendency to look lightly upon the scattered fighting between Laotian government troops and Communist forces in the north Now the seriousness of the sit- uation is emphasized by reports _ of a new offensive, involving reg- ular\ troops from Communist North Viet Nam. “4

This increases the danger of Laos becoming the cockpit of a military struggle between East and West

China’s existence. |

EDITORAL NOTES | ' | There will be widespread regret

and concern at the news of the ser-

ious illne&’s of the Hon. Maurice Dup- lessis, veteran Premier of Quebec, whose condition at the time of writ- ing left little hope for recovery.

* - *

Our federal cabinet°*member, Hon, Angus Ma n, doesn’t let the grass grow under his feet. After giving very substantial aid to his party in the provincial campaign, he flew back to Ottawa on Wednesday and left a-

a round of conferences’ and public engagements. He will be back at his Ottawa desk on Sept. 9, catching up | on departmental affairs.

+. s .

“The Wall Street Journal re- ports that, in a National Automobile Dealers’ association survey, 55% of buyers of foreign cars gave “bet- ter’ workmanship” as an important

_feason for their choice. An econom- ist for a major American auto firm recently cited another survey, show- ing that 22% of potential car buy- ers considered European Autos “mechanically more “feliable” and 31% said they had “better work- manshtip.” |

The United States strongly sup- ports the present anti-Communist government, training the Royal Laotian army and- supplying ex- tensive financial aid. It is even said that the army, police and parts of the civil service are. sub- sidized from Washington.

WESTERN BASE? .

Communist China <and its satel- lite North Viet Nam claim Laos is ‘being turned inte a Western base in contravertion of the Gen- eva agreements of 1954.

Laos, a kind of Asian Shangrl- la with mountainous terrain and an indolent. opium - smoking people, is little smaller than the United Kingdom. But it is bor- dered by six countries — China, Thailand, Burma, Cambodia and the two Viet Nams — giving it great strategic im»ortence.

The reported new Communist

attack will be depre-s'nz news,

for external affairs department officials in “Ottawa. Under the Geneva agreements,

» Canada was named with India

and Poland to form a supervis- ory commission for Laos. Early last year, Canadian officials de- cided that the job was finished.

After difficult -negotiations the Canadians fmanaved to convince a reluctant India that the com-

misdion should be adjourned in-

definitely.

The late External Affairs Min- ister Sidney Smith, announcing the adjourrment in the Commons July 25, 1958, spoke of the way the commiss'‘on had helped pa- cify Laos and.suggested that the idea of a peacemaking commis- sion might be applied to the Mid- @e East, then, in turmoil.

Nowhere may be thoughts ‘about the Canadiag ip- itiative in liquidating the Laos SOs

second |

Canada’s action caused at least a temporary strain in the special diplomatic relations built up by Canada and India since the Sec- ond World War.

The Indians regarded Cana- dians as reasonable people, un-

gas burners, which are enjoyinz quite a sensational increase in

acd oi burners.

MORE CANADIAN HOMES While 1959 will not end with a record figure for thomes built, there are some 5,000 more homes” under construction than this time last year. And we are living less crowdedty: the num- ber of homes housing more than

.|one family is eteadily declining:

The average income of non- fagm families bas risen above the record $4,269 achieved in 1957 which itself had been increasing at- the average rate of nearly 6 per cent per year during the previous six years.

Some of this extra income was spent on the familf's first car; in 1958 we achieved—a_record car ownership of one car to each 48 Canadians, making us a comfort- ablya utomobile-born population.

And some of that extra income. we. spemt on increased purchases of daily frills from ball-point pens to watches, both produced in re- cord quantities by our plants.

Substantial sums were sepnt on house furnishings of al] kinds made in Canadian plants. $307,- 340,601 was spent on furniture; a record $2,274,000 on awnings and veranda curtains; more pianos, (but fewer organs) were sold; j sharply increased numbers of re- icord players (283,491) and of | records (17,218,198) were bought from Canadian plants.

lf home comfort and increased luxury can be adequately describ- ed by statistics, there we have a pieture of Canadian families who, on the average, have nev er had it so good before.

¢

x

stained by ‘‘colonial"’ taint. Ches- ter Ronning, Canada’s ambas- sador in India, used to hold dip- lomatic consultations with’ high Indian officials on a bench in his office, known as the ‘‘love seat."’ Now the mood has changed. .

Canada has steadfastly refused demands by India“and by Com- munist powers, that the super- visory commission should return | to Laos. It is probably too late to do so now.

Twenty years ago today, the terrible war the world has known began with Hitler's inva- sion of Poland. It lasted for al- most six years, caused millions of military casualties and many more millions of civilian casual- ties (some of whom have not yet been restored to normal life’. It spread all over the world a hor- ror of devastation. | Olitically and militarily brought two enormous develop- ments: the rise of the Soviet Un- ion to the status of a first - class power, a status now occupied by only one other nation, th Unit- ed States; it gave millions of non- whites, who had seen white na- tions humbled, a great new hope for self-government — for which very few of them were ready.

It is possible in theory only to think of the years since the end of Hitler's war as a time of peace. In fact, those 14 years have been a period of continuous warfare at one or more points at all times. Th war in Indo-China lasted for eight years; the’ war in Korea for three; the war -in Malaya is not ended yet; only a tryce, not a peace treaty, sep- arates the armies of Israel and the Arab League. ‘

In Asia today, the two Chinas face each other across the straits at Quemoy and the Matsus with guns and airplanes and gun- boats stripped for action. After failing to, take Quemoy, in 195%, the Chinese Reds have turned to Tibet’ and Laos.

Around the world, the Com munists have been steadily nib- bling at the remaining areas of freedom and the Kremlin has arranged it so that Russian forc- es never, officially, take part. Asians or Africans or Russian “volunteers” do the fighting, in the sky above Korea or in the hills around Dien Bien Pha.

COMMUNIST GAINS

| It is; discouraging to chart how much the Communisis have

\ mained sance — but & could

( Twenty Yea rs After

have been so much worse. -If they had held their Ambitious hand in Czechoslovakia in 1948, or in the Berlin blockade of 1948-49. the free world might still have been unarmed when the Russians gain- ed the secrets of the fission and fusion bombs.

‘ They were too impatient; they were too ignorant of the ‘react- ions of the ‘‘decGadent’ ‘We:t. Their actions caused the forma- tion of NATO and of the organi- zation of United Nations armies in Korea.

The West can be grateful that the .Communists showed their true character so early and that we reacted so quickly. We are armed today; 20 years ago to- day, we were not.

‘THE SEA SHELL

Without, the enameled the shell

T. dazzles im the sunlight to

roclaim -

A many colored radiance, and flame

In riotous effulgence, all too well

Delighting boatmen on. the un- dulant swell |

Of the harbor. whose calm mood is prone to tame

A longing for the ocean’s bolder claim

Young mariners stake when smit- ten by its spell.

Within that shell whose outward

charms allure

There breathes a life that end- lessly beweeps :

Its darkling habitation too secure,

Roaring for heaven's height and ocean's deeps:

Imprisoned symbol of the life of man

Aspiring to a reach ‘it- canndt

span. —WILBERT SNOW

beauty of

popularity at the expense of wood |~

_| over his duties which commence

‘| Ontario Puppetry Association is

. ‘l pe =

\ ¢

- }it-oecurs T priate destination for them would

be Sirius, the

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to imspect, preferably - something that he hasn’t seen before. Then watch how he examines it.

NORMAL EYESIGHT if his eyesight is normal_he should look at the object at about

his eyes. \ :

HW he holds it close to. his face, or seems to favor one eye, I sug- gest you take him to a eye speci- alist. Theré might be nothing at ali* wrong with his . viston, but it's always best to make sure.

And don’t make the mistake of thinking a six-month-old baby is too yoting for an eye examination He isn't. : iit QUESTION AND ANSWER

D.M.: From what source would one most likely get vitamin F?

Answer: Medical literature does not indicate any substance which is officially designated as vitam- in F. If the question refers to Fol- | ic Acid, its natural sources include green leafy vegetable, liver and kidney and yeast.

‘OUR’ YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files), |

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Sept. 5, 1934).

Willard Leard was re-elected Mayor of the town of Borden fol- lowing the election held on Sept- ember 4. Mr. Leard won with a majority of 22 votes over his nearest opponent Willard Mac- Neill. The voting results were Leard, 38: MacNeil] 16; Sherry, 12. B. Gillespie‘ Was returning of- ficer and Tom McAleer poll clerk.

A delightful reception was held at the home of Mr. and Mrs. J.A. Martin, Lyndale. on Satur- day evening, when the Lyndale Women's Institute entertained in honour of Mr. and Mrs. Martin, new residents of the district. Dur- ing the evening an address was read by Mr. M.E.MacDonald, and a gift was presented on behalf of thé residents of the district.

TEN YEARS AGO (Sept. 5, 1949)

The new general secretary of the local branch of the Y.M.C.A. Mr. Fred B. Gamble, arrived in the city Saturday night to take

immediately. Mr. Gamble suc ceeds Mr. J.A. MeConnell who has been appointed Y.M.C.A. Field Officer for the; Maritime. Provinces.

Word has been received that a portrait by Donald W. Sears of ‘he Read Studio, Summerside, has been awarded the highest possible honours at the annual convention of the Photographers Association of. America held in Chicago re- cently. The portrait has been chosen for inclusion in a travel- ling loan collection to be shown in all parts of the Un®ed States and Canada.

(he Age Old Story

He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he/that relieveth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abid- eth on him, .

PUPPET CONVENTION KITCHENER, Ont. (CP) — The

planning a province - wide fes- ival.in Peterborough next year. The three - year - old association, which serves as a promotion | body for the various puppetry guilds in Ontario, has approxi- mately 100 members and another 20 outside the province. They are scattered through British Colum- bia amd the United States. iheria.

FIRED AT NEGRO YOUTHS’

RICHMOND, Va. (AP) — Four white youths charged with firing hotgun biasts at.a group of Ne- gro boys walking along a street were sentenced Wednesday to five years each in prison. Three "years of each sentence were suspended Suspended sentences were given ‘o two other white youths charged in the April 26 shooting. Six Ne- gro youdhs were wounded by three shots fired from a moving

ia The New York Times :

x

-be guided by their reports.

:

gee apt

;

profession to give more atten- tion to the ailments which have made the free sale of these drugs so heavy. The fact that the num- ber of sales was alarming in- dicates that the profession has been remiss in its ministrations to those who have felt the need for relief from their responsibil- ities—which they brought about by the use of tranquillizers. —

Peterborough Examiner . ~~ 7

Mrs. Kate Aitken, a member of the CBC board of directors, should take time to read a com- ment in the report of the 1950 Cc Broadcastimag Com mittee. It was that the CBC at -imes appeared to suffer from a multiplicity of authority and this was one of the factors causing confusion and a wavering of morale among employes.

The report is commended to Mrs. Aitken because she has a plan to have 2,000 amateur crit- ics give their views on CBC rad- io and television shows. That, to that extent. is all right. The CBC

would be-none the worse for a few more sensible eft The unpleasant part of pro-

posal is Mrs. Aitken's statement that program changes would be based on the reactions of the 2,- 000. The CBC spokesmen say this will not be done, but it is ob- vious that if the board of direc- tors thinks the 2,000 critics should set program standards then- the wise CBC employe would seek to Another set of bosses for this over-governed organization! TOO MUCH CONTROL .For what the CBC has now is the Board of Broadcast Govern- ors keeping an all-seeing eye on radio- and television, the CBC board of directors appointed by} the governoment, the periodical examination of its affairs by gov- ernment committees and com-

missions, the direction of a large

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the liquid topped up, checked, the ter- . Only

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piker says:

General Nasser plans to streng- then his Cairo radio transmitter — to such an extent that it can be heard anywhere in the world: A: humble fellow, Nasser.—Ottawa Journal

The Mohawk Indian- chief whe claimed that he is entitled to net fish in the St. Lawrence River by virtue of a treaty signed in 1774 may be right. Those early French and British administrat

ors were almost as good at hand- ~~

ing out promises as- the politi-.. cians of today.—Ottawa Journal

Spare The CBC This! [ on

staff of experienced men at na. tional headquartefs in Ottawa and in the larger cities and, fin- ‘ally, the continuous criticism of the public which feels that a CBC cost‘ of $51,000,000 a year paid from-taxes entitles every citizen to take a fling at its programs.

Now in addition to all that, Mrs. Aitken suggests 2,000 amateurs who would not only criticize but. be able to influence prograrns, be assured that they could influ- ence ‘programs.

What we have said before we repeat. It is that the CBC mana- g should be given sufficient

>

time and confidence by the gov-

tors.to see whether it.can give

.the broadcasting services. desir

ed at reasonable cost.) > |

UP TO MANAGEMENT |”: _ If the management cannot. do the job, it should be dismissed. In attempting to show whether it can do what is wanted it should not te harassed by interfering board members who were not ap- pointed as producers, dir®ors or accountants but as directors of policy.

No staff, even a staff less sub — ject to emotional tensions and ~ injured prides than the CBC can operate efficiently with a sense of being at the mercy of 2,000 bright- eyed, uninformed critics, sitting. across Canada, with pencils nice ly. sharpened, tea on the table be side them, waiting: to pounce.

doe

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