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Covers Prince Edward Island Lille The Do. :i W. J. Hancox, Publisher IUrton Lewis Frank Walker lnecmlve Editor Published every week day morning (enept Son' ya and statutory holidays) at I65 Prime Street. Charlottetown. P.E.I.. by Illomsor. Newspapers Ltd Grinch offices at Surnlnerside, Montague. Alber~ Jen and Souris. Represented nationally by Thomson Newspaper: Advertising Services Toronto, 425 University Ave. Montreal, Street. Western Georgia Street. Vancouver (MA 7037). 'Membar Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers VNIOEII'IOfl and The Canadian Press. The Canadian Press is exclusively entitled to the use for repob

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. and also to the local news published here In All rights on rapub'icaliou oi specral dispatches 'hsrein also reserved. Subscripliorl [It'll

Not over 35: per week by carrier.

“.00 a year by mail or rural routes and areas not serviced by carrier.

SILOO a year off Island and U.K. $20.00 per year in U.S. and elsewhere oulside British Com- monwealth.

Nol over 7c per single copy.

Member Audit Bureau of Circulation.

ESDAY, meaning as, 1963.

FEE 6 fire Railway Problems

In his address at Rotary yester- day Mr. H. C. Grayston, vice presi- dent of the Canadian National Rail- ways, made it clear that the rail- way has no intention of shirkillg its special obligations with respect to Prince Edward Island. The railway's predecessor lines, he recalled, exert- ed a major influence on the affairs of the Island, and had a primary role to play in its early development. The fortunes of railway and Island have been closely allied ever since. The figures for last year’s operation show that the railway continues to provide an important and vital ser- vice.

The speaker cautioned, how- ever, that railways today face two difficulties—outmoded regulations and competition. By way of illustra- tion, he pointed out that in 1944 the railways had 76 per cent of the freight business in this country; they now have 52 per cent. And the business lost consisted to a great extent of the highest-revenue-pro- ducing freight-«the cream of the traffic. Today, revenue from paying operations is not large enough to cover losses on non-paying services.

Mr. Grayston hastened to add that this did not mean repudiation of the idea that some services must be maintained even If they do not pay. He argued, however, that such services should be openly recompen- sed from the public purse, and that payment should cover the money needed for capital expenditure and maintenance. The railway also feels that it should be granted freedom to develop an ancillary trucking arm for the purpose of feeding traffic to the main trunk. Years ago this function was performed by the branch line, but this is no longer a solution to the problem.

We should be the first to rec- ognize. in this Province, that the railway has serious problems. Road- 'rail integration is one solution of them; and we did ourselves a poor service when we turned down—— Some years ago—a proposal in this connection that would have been of far-reaching mutual benefit. Mr. Grayston didn’t remind us of this incident in his address yesterday. He stuck to generalities in his re- marks. but we can apply a good deal of what he said to our own situation.

We regard the efficient mainten- ance of our car ferry service, of Course, as a federal'obligation, and the railway as merely an agent in discharging that obligation. We have often had occasion to complain of ; inadequacies in this regard. But 4; there has been marked improvement ' in recent years. We can best insure a continuance of this trend by co- operating, in every reasonable way, with the railway in meeting its cur- rent difficulties.

Those SIow Britishers No fairy tale, this, though it is truly as astonishing as anything re- corded in the realm of magic. It concerns a new industrial technique, now being utilized in the healing ' art. It was tried out, at Moorfields Hospital, London, last week. when a concentrated invisible shaft of light ; with an intensity up to six times : greater than that of the sun was ; used in place of a surgeon’s scalpel. ‘A detached retina at the back of the eye was “spot Welded" in this manner, and quite successfully. " The new technique is knowu as ‘usns -(Light Amplification by .Iflnulltad Electromagnetic Radia- w Mk”htedtoMA8ER.a

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Editor

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microwave or sound amplification which was used to magnify millions of times the television slignala bounced off Telstar. Briefly LASER gives a narrow beam of light an electromagnetic “kick” which con- verts it into the most powerful source of heat energy known to man.

In connection with its develop- ment. rubies are used. Synthetic ones are being manufactured for the purpose by 3 Newcastle firm, alld these must be “cooled” by im- mersion in liquid helium (with a boilillg point at minus 269 degrees Centigrade. virtually the coldest thing known). In its turn the helium is surrounded by liquid nitrogen to prevent it from boiling away.

The end product is a light beam which instead of radiating its rays outwards is “squeezed” into one shaft so thin that it cannot be seen. but so powerful that it can pene~ trate the hardest of metals literally in a fash—in fact, in one-millioneth of a second. If optically focused, the light beam can be used to make lesions—hence the surgeons’ inter- est in its power, as a replacement for the sharpest and most delicate scalpel ever marle.

While surgical uses are largely confined to eye operations, the beam also has great possibilities for use in brain surgery, and for treating deep-seated malignant tumors. The results so far, however, are treated with “cautious optimism” by the experts who have been working, behind the scenes, on this fabulous gadget for the past 18 months.

India Battles Smallpox

On this continent we tend to think of smallpox as something of a hangover from the dark past, a plague which medical science has pretty well put to rout. But it is otherwise in India, where the cow is sacred and the thought of its lymph entering their bloodstream, by way of vaccination, is abhorrent to orthodox Hindus. This despite the educational campaign launched by Mr. Nehru, who has written to all his state chief ministers saying that he considers the eradication of small- pox more important than all their political problems.

India’s smallpox epidemics us- ually come in five-year cycles. The country seems to be heading for a serious one this winter. In Calcutta there have been more than 300 cases of smallpox and over 200 deaths in the past 14 weeks. In the little town of Jabalpur all primary schools have been closed following 600 at- tacks and 150 deaths within three months. '

Calcutta’s anxious health of- ficials have revealed that only one case in ten of smallpox is ever re- ported to the authorities. This means that there has been an “under- ground” smallpox epidemic of ap- proximately 3,000 cases and some 2,000 deaths. The officials are fight- ing fear and superstition as well as the disease, and they are now ask- ing for special powers to make it

an offense to avoid vaccination. "

This month 18 people among the 145 in one district who refused to be vaccinated were given notice that they would be prosecuted, as test cases.

A nation-wide vaccination catn- paign was begun last October, but so far only 35 million have agreed—- or less than ten per cent of the population. World Health Organiza- tion officials are cooperating in every way they can, but it is hard to change centuries-old prejudices. As their report pointed out three years ago, it is In India, Pakistan and Burma that the world’s battle against smallpox must be won.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The Canada Council has re- cently received an anonymous gift of $4,250,000. The largest since the Council was created in 1957, this windfall will be used in the next few years to provide fellowships and scholarships to Canadians engaged in advanced study or research in medicine, science and engineering in Canada.

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Accmding to Social Credit Leader Thompson, it will be “a tragedy for Canada if either the Progressive Conservatives or the Liberals win the April 8 election." After the goings on in the last Par- liamen-t, where no party had a ma— jority, most electors feel that a decisive victory by one or other of the two major parties is about the only way to avert a tragedy.

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OUT OF THE OVEN

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

To A Bewildered U.S.A.

De . —— You write that your local newspaper black-out in New York forces you to see

all things. including the “Cana- ' dian crisis." through a glass,‘

darklv.

General Norstad. you suggest. ‘

publicly rebuked the Canadian Prime Minister for “welshing.” on specific commitments to ac- cept tactical nuclear warheads for NATO and NORAD forces. Is this true or false? you ask. Your question opened a can of worms. The first of Canada's eight air squadrons with th e NATO forces in Europe has re- cently received its new aircraft. The second of the two Bomarc sites in Canada has not yet been completed. Canada could not use nuclear tips on aircraft missiles not yet in service. Those tips would have to be provided by USA. who how- ever Insists upon keeping con- trol of them. Their acceptance therefore involves a delicate in- ternational agreement. and o rime Minister told Parliament last. month that these negotia- tions have “been going on quite forciny for two months or more." Norstad improperly and undiplomatically interfered in Canadian politics by publicly ex- pressing his personal views on

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this matter in Canada recently. 1

STATE GOOFED

“I gather that our State De- partment ‘goored' in either the wording. the timing or the re-

lease of its note of protest; true .

or false?" you ask further. This note. drafted In your State Department and approved by a top presidential aide In the White House. was the press in Washington." It was

in effect a diplomatic note ex- "

.pressing the US governmcnt's comments upon the Canadian Prime Minister's speech to th 9 Canadian Parliament. Such a note should of course have been made through "diplomatic" na-

“released to 3

. mely private inter-governmental ‘ channels. Diplomacy by pres I release is an unattractive and: brash new practice, especially‘ undesirable when its effect is to E interfere in the domestic politics of‘a friendly nation — and as our l Social Credit leader. B ob Thompson. recently so truly said. Uncle Sam is our closest 1 friend whether we like it or not. ANTI-US CAMPAIGN? . “I hear that Prime Minister “ Diefenbaker will base his elec- . tion campaign on Canadian na- tionalism and Ami-American- ‘iism" you add. asking again ; “True or false?"

It would be deplorable If our politics. especially an election campaign, should ever feature a position of opposition to an ally. especially our closest neighbour and best trade customer ithough of course we are an even better

‘ customer to you. and this fact did not hamper the Norslad- State Department brashnessl. All . Canadians are nationalistic, just as all loyal citizens of USA are. To be "pro-Canadian". to have I

I To Sweep

The strongest imprqsion made on 1! person watching! ‘ his first curling match is likely

to be caused by the players ' swooping madly in front of a rock sliding on the ice. One theory behind the sweeping is 1 that the friction raises the tem- perature of the ice, making more slippery and causing the stone to travel farther.

We say theory because while many cul'lcrs. per aps a ma- ‘ jority. are convinced the sweep-

ing does influence the distance

and direction of a stone. th ere ; are many others who argue that

it doesn't. The room work. . Ithey say, just gives players,

_. so

PUBLIC

RETARDED CHILDREN

Sir. — I would like to bring to the attention of your readers. particularly to members of the Government, what I consider to be a mishandled problem: the education of retarded children.

, It is generally acknowledlzcd that these children can be taught to be listlul citizens. and We parents deeply appreciate the fact that we now have schools and very efficient teach- ers. who are doing such 8 won- derful job of teaching retarded children.

We are grateful also, to those members of the Retarded Chil- dren's Association who, though they have no personal interest in them. give so much time and et- fort to the maintaining of those schools. and to the comfort and welfare of the children and their teac era of sponsibility rests mainly on the parents.

In sea. th . parents

have five or six normal children of school age who must be fed, clothed. furnished with books, etc.. and this, as everyone lwlow means endless work for the par- ents In the home as well as out of It. Yet they must attend meetings. and carry out fund-raising projects. and even resort to door-Io-door soliciting

In order to help pay a teacher‘s

supplement and transportation costs for their retarded chlld.

This is not only unfair to the pair-

cnts. but to the teacher as well.

as she sometimes must wait a

considerable length of time be- fore enough money can be col; ted.

I notice that even In the Unit- ed Fund Appeal there was no provision made it: retarded atrial-en's wdlare.

We hear so often that every child has a right to an educa- tion. Why then are retarded chll-

" Wh are the

their an ex - , Y teachers not fully paid through I3 W of Education ra-

FORUM

Ither than through the efforts of: sparcnts and friends? ‘ I sincerely hope that our Gov- I ernmcnt will look Into this maI- t ter. and that this burden will be r lifted from the shoulders of i many already overtaxed par- ents. I am. Sir, etc., AN INTERESTED PARENT Alberton. P.E.l.

S.P.C.A. REORGANTZED

Sim—I am writing this let- ter hoping that It may bring to the attention of every kind- a hearted Islander the great need in this province for an efflcent- 1y conducted S.P.C.A. Believe It or not. dumb animals still a re neglected and sometimes brut- ally trcaled by their masters. The cries of those unfortunate creatures reach out to us for help, and I feel It is our duty to come to their aid. Scarcer a day sses without bringing to light evidence of brutality. neglect, and Ill treatment some of God's creatures. by persons who ought t pu n- lahed (or their atrocious acts.

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SPCA needs our sympathy and financial support and I would ask every lover of mute animals to do‘ what he or she can to help build a strong Society here for the prevention of cruelty to dumb ' I

Most of you who read this letter would not. I feel sine, ev- er think of I-using your live stock or pets. yet you and I know of cases where the oppov site is. true. That more was very little we could do about It goes without saying. but with an or- ganization such as we expect to have from now on, thlnga ought be different. We hope to see c of brutality. bringlng to justice all pastries guilty of Infractions against the

s : sovereignty when Uncle

law esar - I am. Sir, etc., FRANK MACAR

Pen-pol

a sensitivity about our national S a m treads on its toes. ls still not being “anti-American."

"I have the impression that in our three most recent controver- sies with our three most impor- tant allies, Britain. France and Canada. we have been right in principle although tacticss in handling - true or false?" you ask finally.

Your rightness in principle can e no more I a sense of lightness in your own (U.S.A.i mind. There are very genuine conflicts of opinion. which should be frankly discussed In an ami- cable fashion. The great ray of hope for your allies Is that you are aware that. like a great but clumsy coltish puppy. w-hile wag- ging your tail you may inadver- tently with It knock over the pit- cher and spill the milk. So let‘s mop it up together and not let

. that Incident linger among our

greater Worries. Good luck. Ed. and come up and see us some- time!

Or Not To Sweep

Ottawa Journal

who throw only 20 rocks In a 2“: hour match something to

o. Uninitlated viewers of the weekly interprovincial

likely to conclude the sweeping must provide most of the exer-

cise for the participants. Cer-l tai‘nly it supplies most of the‘ ; nelse as the sweepers

whack the ice with lightning. rhythmic

1 strokes.

Some top curlers insist this

1powerful sweeping. in addition ;to changing the

ice surface, creates an air disturbance in front of the sliding rock. de- creasing air resistance and thus aiding it to reach a desired destination.

BOTH AGREE

Both sides of the argument on sweeping agree that to abandon

Is feature would be to aban- don this feature would be to re- move much of the games ap- peal. The canny skip pl 3 cea high value on a strong sweeper and the good sweeper selects his instrument of battle with all the care Gordie Howe gives to his hockey stick.

Journal's experienced curling writer. Marcel Sohnobb. reminds us of an experiment some years ago at Arnprlor. A catapult erected by Mr. J.A. Robertson, enthusiast of the marlng game. threw stones varying distances. some swept.

me not. The extra two feet to each swept shone confirmed the belief of title Amnprlor resemth shat sWeeping does help.

But so many factors like weight of throw. turn of stone. age of stones, condition of ice. temperature of rink. strength at sweepers. etc: enter Into the Is- sue that a much larger number of tests conducted under very- Ing conditions not possible at Ampl-lor would be necessary to achieve a verdict unanimously acceptable.

WHICH BROOM?

The argument extends fro the brooms used. Ottawa players generrniy favor "corn broom, a streamlined version of the ordinary household Imple- ment but the push broom. th e

of

s . Robertson was

.tlsfled the trial confirmed his i

Canadian with his broom put on a more spectacu- lar perms-malice but contended the pressure a user of the brush must apply creates the friction shat melts the ice to lengthen a stone's journey-

cur- . ling matches on television are

Sex Plays Role In Heart Disease

By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dolle-

SEX PLAY an important role In the development of heart di- sease and hardening of the ar- teries. Women—prior to the me— nopause —- have a bulltin pro- tection against these conditions. Thereafter, they are on their own but. because of the late start in developing arteriosclerosis. sel- dom catch up with men of equal

age.

What is this built-In protection that helps women avoid harden- lng of the arteries? The female sex hormones are responsible. These secretions are most abun- dant during the childbearing years. They tend to diminish as the glandular structures become less active during and after the change of life. This explains why heart attacks are less common among women than men before age 60. and may be one reason why women live longer.

What happens when men are given female sex hormones to prevent another heart attack or lower a high blood cholesterol level? Opinions vary because the results of studies along this line are difficult to evaluate.

Dr. Jeremiah Stamler of Chi- cago believes this hormone pro- longs the life of males recover- Ing {mm a heart attack. Ac~ cording to his statistics. when 100 middle-aged men who re- cover an uncomplicated heart attack are given a certain combination of female sex ho- mones. 93 can expect to live at least another five years. With- out the hormone. only 83 of 100 can anticipate survival that long.

In contrast. a British group :llected 100 men who had sur- vived a single heart attack. Half were given hormones. There was no difference In the number of subsequent heart attacks or in the death rate between the two groups during the next five years. Many of those who were given female hormones develop- ed unpleasant side effects such as feminization and loss of their

drive.

Another interesting observation made by the British physicians was that the blood cholesterol le~ vel was decreased in the men given the hormones: It remain- ed elevated or unchanged In the remainder. But the five year outcome In the two groups was the same. despite the change in the cholesterol level.