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I--_ _ PAGE' EIGHT -run l.A'ras'r-News I `T_HE..CHARL0TTE.

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'warn rullfs Alle l=noztll._

Hints on Reetering Window Garden

_ `I _ Flowers to Health.

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I During the winter the amateur in’

gardening has much to contend with, and not the least of the evils is frost,

_ especially where an endeavor is made ito keep more or less tender plants

' ‘ through the cold dull lllouths in a

“Ks poorly heated greenhouse or frallle.

My Farmer Can Grow tho Gourd and 1 Trllllform lt'|nto a Pipe. ‘I ' Doyou want a cniabnsll pipe? li' no. c 'foil needa’t pay a dealer t'l-out $7. to D

Fortunately science has come to out id and taught us a few things coll- ernlng the effects of frost on iendel lants, and with these principles fully

`1g_ for q|_\¢_ (grow it nm] |llal.L- it grasped we are in n position to conlbat- !°!ll`B¢lf- After F011 1111"# i¢l‘0\\'H Ihr frost. Plants which are kept as dry gourd you can make the pipe in about as possible during B spa" of fm,-g_\~ 9”! ‘U 5°" at “ Cust “f lm" “ dui' weather without being allo\ved to suf-

_. 80 says the bureau of plant ill I.

at N\'llshil|gtoh. And _'sour -A

homemade culabash, if _vou take prop- L

er from this cause will withstand suc- essfully far more frost than the same

H' Pains in the lnaklnlt. will he just kim] ‘if P|‘1'\‘5“`h°Se "s5“eS‘""’g""‘='°`d

ai artistic and slltistactol-_v as the ex- | w

ith liquid, and sciellce has also tuuglll

pensive imported unc. us that the greatest mischief is caused

The caiubash is luluie from a South by rapid thawing.

African gourd. ilnlil rel-i-nll_v this lolird was not grown clsl-iviu-rc. but

as well before proceeding further tr , _-'»._"_`,f sis _

the Alnerican consul at Cape 'l‘o\\'ll,- just consider brietly \vhat really hap- l ` __Z___,._-_

- - pens \vhcll a plant gets frozen. it is , ._ ll;-C5

_ now generally kllown thllt a plant, likt I "7 .-gi " -,__ tl

I _ 1 the llululln body. is nlade up of tiny , ______j_,___ rw, _ ____/,____,__,___3__ ` `- ` '. __ coils, each of whicll, of course, has its i _~_; ._ »~ _

‘_ ~ _., = _ own \valls. Under ordinary conditions I lT."_§_ ` -_ _ “__---' and when :l platlt has abundance oi I . ~- 5;, ,- -;__>_»..-f.-._'=¢-*‘

` _ 6 _ V moisture at its disposal these cells are I ":>`~j`- - ` 1 _ _

' j _ 2, N and ill tho case of tllat in the plant

ff- ‘_ l-l-lls no cxcvptlon to this law is made. ‘ "" 'l`his e_\'pan.\_-ioll, tllen, results in a rup- , ’ - P”f3"§`=*' ` -~ ' V ture ot' the plant cell walls, which un- I

'.i`o grasp the above facts it mnv be

urgid with llqllld. Now, when liquid bet-olucs frozen it is one of the laws of nature tilat expansion takes placc.

lol' ol‘diual'_v conditions of thawing!

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/ POWER CONCRETE MIXER.

‘Homemade Device That is Useful on

the Farm;

Of interest to farmers who need

cement for any purpose. such as lay- ing floors or 'walks or making posts. is a bulletin issued by the Colorado experiment station which tells of mix- ing concrete by machinery and prints the accompanying illustration of u homemade mixer, which is described thus: ‘ Two pieces of 4 by 6 form the sil`iS. L`pou these two. uprlghts about three feet high ure fastened. A one :lull one- ilalf inch pipe passes th:'ollj_:h holes bored in the top of the uprigilts. Upon this pipe the mixing box is turned, alld through the pipe the water is addcd to the mixture at the desired tlule. ’i`he water is poured ill nt the top of the upright pipe and. flows d0\vn and ,out through holes which are drilled In the lo\vcr side of it. The other end of the pipe is closed by a wooden plug.

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Poivall conommz ltxxuft.

Tile ends of the box are made of pieces of 2 by 8 bolted together. A hole bored in the center of each end forms the bearlngxs. Tile sides of the box are made of one inch lumber and

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CAIAABASH PIPE G() CHDS.

H. L. Washington. sent some of the calnbnsh seeds to the ,llr-pal-llnellt ot’ agriculture ill limit. .\`iu<-e then the government has liiscovel~cd by experi- nlenttltioli that thc calab:l_-ll will gl-o\v almost any\vln_-l'c ill the i_`nil<-li Statl~s.

The gourd sl-ct! is pl:tl'.te<l about like

nicion s4~l~||_~' and :ll lilo sulln- pt-l'i;.lI. It grows lu.\lu'1:lull_v. l-al-ll \ino pro- ducing nlan_v ;;nlll'lls. Not all of llloul are suitable for pipe llnlll-l'ial. .\l:lu_\' are biighlod by ill.-‘l-ct bltl-s or other causes. .\lost of thc ;;oll|'lis cruoll their owu necks ill ;.:ro\vill;;. if thc grower wants a pipe lu-l-k witll arti- ficial kinks he can el-t what he wants by belldlllg; lin- pliable neck in tho way it is dl~sil'o.-l for it to gl-l»\\‘ :lull then wultin;_' until ilu- ;_'ourli luzllllrl-s.

Cut oti' the big cud ut' lilo glulrd :lt

the point lllllicairll for _vour pipl- bowl‘s top. Clean out till- pull. i_'ul Off the neck cud and ulakv a littll- holl- with your knife lllalll-_ tint ll l-urvl-d pipe lllotltllpila-e \\ili| :l sl-rl-\v llu1-nd One from any old pipe will do. hut il should he c:lrl-t'llll_v lioilvll in-t'o|-4-ll:lllll to clcnllsl- it from lli.-oline ll|~p.._-ils.

Screw the till‘t-.'l<l into llu~ opt-uill_;

in the lu»ck ot’ _v-ull' ;_»oul'|i.~ it _von wallt all innor plpl- bowl that 1-:lo lil- takon out for f»lcallin;_'_ _von can l=u_\ ll cheap one, sul-ll as is u_-l~li ill lllce-l= schaums_ at il rolial-l-mll_~l‘s slow-. _\ liiiic illzlsivr oi’ p:il'i~' ]»o|ii'l'lI illlo tll~\ calabasll howl and th»- iullor inlwl then press|»d down tlush \\l|ll tho lop Of tho l-lit oil' 1_'olll'li will u::ll;o tin' in- ner bowl lit sull;1l_\:. ilon’t il-ave it ill the plllstcl' of paris luore than lllrl-o minutes will-ll iiitin;;_ for it' _\ou do it will set ll:|l'l_i and ln- porlnalll-|lll_\ stuck. Take it out at'tc|‘ two or lllt-or minutes, when the plaster is pau-ll_v dried.

After the plaster drll-_s tllorollfzllly

put the inner bowl but-k, get :l plpl-t`lll 0! good tobacco, iight a match, pin--l-

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the bit in your moutil. puif away- nud dream dreams of nllld lang syue or castles in the nir. You are now ll cal- lbaaher, qualified and passed by the United States governluent.

not imagine that they crm lunkc ll big;

igcome by growing cnlnbasllcs and 'iling the gourds. for pipe material. Gourds are imported now at from 25 cunts to $2 a dozen. it is the necessi- ty of hand work in makillg the pipes _that causes them to be expensive ,when you have to buy them. No two

are of the same shape or aize.

mandy all the cutting and lit- hrlmet-be done by hand. It ia #mth while for a smoker to have a

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"Uncle Bam says the fllrlllers lullst j

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= --.- 5*.-,"~<f has bt-cn fol'ct-li by expansion through tl

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we visit the greenhouse or frlllnes to l

lnow tllat if they al'e to be saved

llscs the plant to collapse. _ it has been proved that when a plant i K thawl-d vol-_v slowly the plant cells l I

re :lille to :ills-ul'b thc moisture wlllcll

lo cell walls, and the rupture is to a rout cxtl-nt lnadc good. Asslllning that the plants have not it-en wlltered lllore often than is abso- utt-l_v lleccssary and that one morning

ind that frost has reached them, we

llzlwillk lntlst be done very slowly.

i I

first ot’ all, we must take core tlult

lure simply nailed to the ends with

welvcpenlly nails. 0n}0-hail' of the lox is made so that it can be detllclled

and lifted oft’ when the mixer is to be

ilied or clllptied. Tile detachable half

is secured to the other halt’ by moans of strong hooks so placed that by slip- ping this half about all inch to one side all of the hooks are loosened at once. After it is ill position the re- movable portion is held in place by lllcalls of n bllrn door latch.

The driving gear is slnlple, but very

efi'ccti\'c. lt consists of the rim taken from the wheel of an old rubber tire'

till- hc:ltin¢: apparatus, if ally is usl-ll. , lloos not get into working order agalll, and if tilcre is ally likeiillooll of :ll burst of .sllnshine shade the stl'uctu`re _

with thick nlats or anytilillg else illut 1 l-:lu be quickly secured. Thcll procurl- i all abundant supply of ice cold watt-'I' and syrltlge or 0lllel‘wise_ drellcll tho

plants with this utltli frost is grad-| uall_\' lt-lllovvd from the tissues. This | will pt'oilabl_v lncan very cold hands! :lnd cll:lttct'illt,' tel-th, but it is either this or losing the plants. For several days sllllseqlllllltly the plnllts should he kl-pt as cool as possible witllout

allowing frost to reach them again.

ages Six Hundred Baies a Day.

'i`lll-ollllle (iuidl'y. ll l'<~.<l<ll-ll

: for the ilvl- years were $174 per acre. a sum sullicient to pay 15.75 per cent i

_ on $1.000. Accordingly rl valuation oi' .

tfilllrcll i'olnt, La., who for many _verlrs has hcell llltl-rcsil-ll ill farlnillg llnli lluprovittg thc devices uscll by farnl- lrs. has received ll patent on a new llouhle bulel' hay pl't-ss. This press is unique il_l its constructloll, llavlng doni- :lw:l_v with the large springs ordln:||'iI_v l irl use on sllvll lllllers and dt-<:re:lsoti tho draft to :l tulllilnlllll. 1<lxpel'lu:ellts wiill models have detlloustl':1tcd tl ca- |»:lr:ii_v of iii`t_v'or sixty bales all hour.

It is collstrllctvd with :l baliug chain- I

hcr on botll ends Oi’ the press and coul- prcsscs till- lla_v by a pluugt-l' working on a <_~l'tlnk shaft past the fred box on ‘ l-:lcil onli. 'i`lle crank shaft is collucct- I cd lo ll beam to which one horse is hill-lll=d for powt-t‘. and at each roulld oi' the llorsl- a stroke is made on two lllti'l-rellt bales. one on l-nch end. It is possible with this iuodcl to get ll bale of any dt-sil'ctl \veight. the same being l-olltl'ollctl' by .l\vo springs attached to _ ll lllovable side of the balct' which fog-

lllatrs thc compression oi' bales.

.\il'. tiuidry says he thinks the baicr will beat anything on the lutlrkei; for' spl-all and simplicity. and Ile is now lil-;_'otl.llIllg with ulllllufacturlllt: colu-

pauil-_~‘ for its construction und sale.

Orchards Worth $1,000 Per Acre. .-\ i`l-atlll~e at a recent fruit show was g

all exhibit of Nova Scotia apples and ` :l printed statelnellt showing the prof- its of fruit growing ill that province. I especially ill the Cornwallis und An- 5 nl-lpolis pl-ovillt-cs. The average esti- mate of cllltlvatlllg. fertlllzing, spray- ` ing limi |ll'lll'l|llg pol* nr-ve \vns $25, and , the cost nt' pil-king and packing the fruit is csiiulntcll at :’»0 cents por bar- rel. 'i`lte _vicld rcpurtl-d from eight io ten ol'<-llalrds shows all u\‘cl‘a1.:c for the l past live _vcars of from 100 to ill; bar- I rels of shipping apples per acre; sold ht an llvcl'llge price varying froln $1.00 to $‘_'..'.0 per barrel during the ilvc years. The gross returns por acre i range frotn |5100 to $30-i llnd the not l rctnrlls frolu $117 to $‘.'li). The nvrr- ' nge not rl-turns for ull the orchards I

$1,000 per acre for these orchards set-ills not excessive. '

quick Improvement of Sweet Corn. As ll result of several years' selec-

tion Nelson S. Stone of Mnssachllsetts reported last season sweet corn which mlltured nearly a week earlier ibnn

PATENTS NEW HAY' PRESS. _

Makes Two Baies at Time and Aver-

bulzgy, \\'ith the tire l'elno\'ed the grooved rim makes n very satisfactory wheel upon which to rlln a thl'ce-quar- tl-l' inch rope belt. The bcit is driven by :l small sheave pulley, which is fas- tened to the coulltcrshaft. A belt tlglltener is used upon the rope, and by using ll very loose belt the tight- ener is made to act as :1 friction clui.ch. This particular mixer is driven by a two horse gasoline engine, which is belted to the countershaft. The eu- glne runs continuously, and the mixer is started and stopped by means of the belt tightener.

Many other systems of driving might have been used in place of the rope belt. Tile unlin gear of an old sell' binder lnltkes an excellent gear for xt mixer. All old mower gent' may also be pllt to good use in this connection. It is not llc¢~essllt'y to have thc lnixcr driven h_v all englne~or horse power. A

t of* `

lcrallk ul:l_v be attacllcd and the ma-

chine tllrllcti by hand. llillny prefer turning such a nlaclline ratllcr than mlxillg the concrete with a shovel.

CITY MEN FOR FARMS.

Many Would Make Good Hired Hands if They Had Chance.

Many farmers throughout the coun-

try iind it :t diiticult matter to get hired hands, wilile in the great cities there arc thousands of men out of work. The problem of inducing some of the down and outs of city life to go ollt_oll the t’al°lns is claiming the atten- tion of social students.

A commission of the New York leg-

islature recently has been making an inquiry into the matter, though it has not taken up the subject exhaustively. John Mitchell, the noted labor lender, was present nt one of the sessions and made suggestions. .

The chief trouble seems to be that

those in the cities who are always deep in poverty know nothing of coun- try llfe, seldom if ever having seen the green fields. They were born to their conditions and know nothing else.

Thousands of these men, no doubt.

if they should be taken out and given jobs on farms would return to the city as soon as they earned money enough. 'i`llnt is because the city sights and sounds have bccomelsecond nature to them. They would pine for the iilth and furore of their native element.

But, on the other hnnd, there is no

doubt that many men in the cities would welcome a chance to get away to the country for themselves and their families and would develop lam excellent funn hands. The problem Is to put these men in touch with farm- ers who need them. ‘

Dieeaees of Fowls.

Most of the diseases that aiiiiet

fowls are the result of carelessness and indilerence on the part of the owner as regards the surroundings and conditions of his poultry. No poultry will show to advantage on the credit side of the cash account unless they are healthy and well cared for. iiow to prevent disease should be the watchword rather than how to cure disease. -

` Beef and Dairy Cattle. When a dairyman has faced the ac-

tual practice of selling cows from hia hard for beef bo will not feel encour-

oiller early kinda which he hnd tried. and the enrs were almost double the

'size of other early varieties. The im-

provement was made by choosing the _ earliest eara and then using theee grains that grew on the middle of the cob and then atiil further lelecting the

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aged over the outlook of combining beef and dairy qnlliitiea in the same llcrli. There ia a popular prejudice

against eating beet from an old, play- cd out dairy cow. and there ia no ad- vantage in trying to combine the two q\l;~l_|lti‘es in one _5nima|. _ _ ' _

CALVIN IN THE WINTER.-

Strict Attention of Dairyman Required During This Period.

A prominent authority on dalrying

says that the best and safest linle for a heifer to freshen is in tile summer when she is in pasture. us she thou has the most natural food' and environ- ment. But it sometimes happens tllut ,she must freshen in the winter on dry feed. and under these conditions it re- quires the best intelligence and care of :hc dalryman to produce a gold cow.

She should be free to take all the ex-

ercise possible. '

'i‘ile heifer. while having plenty of

feed, should never be allowed to be- come fat. Neither must she be forced to dc-pen\d entirely upon the straw stack for. her food. Food out of which she can make blood, bone and muscle

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' A GOOD STUDY OF UALF HEAD.

and nlilk is produced from the same class of feeds. To be explicit, 100 pounds of wheat; bran, 100 pounds of outs chopped, 50 pounds of corn chop and 25 pounds of liusecd lneul or oil cake mixed together make one of the very best feeds at this time. _ As the time approaches she should be placed ill n roomy box stall liber- ally bedded with clean straw. And it would be well to mix a good hnlldful of epsom salts with her grain food night alld morning for several days before cal\~ng. Be on hand when the calf comes. even if you must stay up llli night. Tllls is especially important in cold weather. See that the calf gets up ns soon as possible and that it gets the first lnilk, lrsubstance necessary to its life llnd health.

Tile cow should new be fed lt warm

mash of wheat bran or something: silli- lltlr. in cold weather give bel' sluall drinks cf warmed water several times a_tla_v. Never allow her access to ice cold water.

If the udder swells bathe it with hot

\vater: use n flannel cloth wruug out of a bucket of hot water and hold it on the inflamed parts. Keep this up per- sistently twice n day, ll half hour if nerd be at a time. Then rub with melted lard to which has been added n - little turpentine. _

Rinsing the Milk Cans. Milk calls ill Denlnark are sprayed

with cold water, then thoroughly sprinkled inside and out with hot willor. They are then fastened to a rl-rolviug wheel which turns them tllrou_~_'il rl solution of lltnewater, and lil.-_v are finally sprayed with steam. 'i‘lle milk bottles are usually washed witll soda ond water and the inside clcallscd by means of n mechanically worked revolving bt'ush and are tllen rinsed out with cold water. Tile hot- ties are then tllled and corkcd by a mechanical process, scaled and tied down with thread. Tile bottles are then put into racks and packed ill ice, ready for distribution the following morning.

'l`liE FEEDER

Mixed feeds go further than single

feeds, and this saving, added to the growth and development, makes it all the more desirable to feed as wide u variet3\as is possible to obtain.

Good Ration For Young Horses.

Equal parts of ground oats and corn

make all excellent ration for young horses. Some add bran, thus making tllo ration more rich in protein and phosphorus, which build up bone and muscle.

Grind Feed For the Calf.

Delft feed the calf* grain it cannot

nulstlcate. Gnlnd it for him and don't insult hiln with straw while he is standing where he can see and sllleii the sweet clover hay you are feeding to your milk cows.

For the Sheep.

Succulent food of some kind should

be provided. Mangels are excellent. but rather expensive to grow. Turnips meet the requirements well and are inexpensive to grow as a catch crop when sown among corn at the last working. They should be fed in ai- tnost any quantity the supply will ad- mit. _

Value of Salt In Feed. '

, Put a little salt in the cow's mashed feed or chop. It enhances the ilow oi

I I

saliva while the allimni is taking' her feed, which is a good thing for an unl- lual hs well as for tt human being. it is not a good thing to force a cow to cnt more salt than sho needs, so only n little should be given in the feed. and tllcll frce_nccess to rot-'k_ saltvwiil perllllt hcl' tolhave all she wants.

Feeding While Milking.

Cows that are trained to be milked wltllout feed seem to give down their lnllk just ns well as others. Some ex- tra nervous cows might do better. though there is doubt if the food would not make them more nervous. specially if it gave out before the milking ended. A little choice feed may uct as an incentive to make the cow come up to a desired point where it ia more l-nnvenient to milk her. This may be better than to hunt tho cowl up and :ttI_l_'t._'lt<~.ta where, found. _ _ _ _

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FIRST OF ALI:

SUCCESS WITH THE DAIRY COWS

Au experienced dallgvlnau has lil~~

fellowiug to say regaining thc ral.-litre' and keeping of dairy co\\'s: 'i`lll-rc la quite ll marked dilforeucl- ilel\‘vl-eu the _dairy cow and other types of cat- 3 tic which should be clrllrly unzlrr- stood, that the right treatment nlay bo given to produce the best results and make a success of dnirying. The dairy cow does not lay on ll very great sup- ply of fat tissue bcllealh ilcr skill to fail back on for nutrition and sub-

I 0

A JERSEY DAIRY PERFORBIEB.

stance from which to produce mill: in case of shortage of feed. The grczltcr part of the nutl'imcnt's of the food eat- ' ell are converted lllulost at once into Ilniik which nati1l'e has iuteulloll for the calf, but which man has loul'lu-d to utilize for himself. If the food sup- pl_v is reduced to tl lninilnuln the follll- taill soon becomes dry, -for the cow has few reserves from which to pro- duce milk. This being the trutil, it is l-lcariy pcrceivable that the dairy cow, lf she is to give the ilow of milk re- quired, must be supplied with nn abun- dant amount of good, nutritious food from which to produce it.

Not only docs the nutritious part of

the i’ooli-erltcn gn to produce a tiow of tnllk, but the wurnout tissues of the body ot' the cow llcrsclf ulllst bc re- built. This also must be taken from l ilu- fond, for the cow cannot give a cl-cat quantity of lnllk and be poor in body. So the food eaten is divided bc- lwocn the lnalntellance of the holly and the production of milk. Qualltity and quality of food both count in dairy- ing. A great qllatlllty of fooll will not prollnce a great quantity of lllllk if the fooll does not contain the propel' lullri- ments.

Not only is a good s\lppl_v of lultri-

tions food the prime factor of suc- cessful dalryillg, but rcgula|_'lt_v of food- Inj: is essential' as well. if once the time is set for feeding and regui:ll‘ily is started thc cow will be ready for llcr ft-od at that hour as l‘c:_'ularl_v as the llollr comes. Iicr digestive org:lns will have alrcllstollled tilclllsolves to do it, and thc cow will not be llnu_;'l°_\' till tllat hour, hilt if it is overrun sho becomes lllln;;r_v and frctful. Freitlllg and worr_vlng is ll great llllndit-ap to thc ll:lil'_v 1,-o\v. _ '

With reullltll-ity of feeding there

must also bc rl-_:llla1'it_v of milking. The full supply oi' lullk is not in tho bag rl-:lll_v to be drawn out before lnilk- ing time colllrs, but :l great lllllollllt of it is pl'odlu-ed by glands during the oporatloll of luiikintz. This injllrcs the '_'i:lnds :lull plmllllcos lt llecl'c:lso ill the lnilk ilow. it is also tuivisaltle that thc pl~l'soll.< milking the cows do not cllallge often. for each persoll has ll little dlll`cl'cui_ lnanller of lnilkilnr, and n t'll.‘lll;`_'c causes the cow to fcci un- easy. and ill some cases, if the change is repeated too often, it may injure the bag, and the cow will give it-ss milk. .-\t milking time it is bcsi; that the cow be comfortable and contented. She should have consumed at least tl part of her food before milking be- gins, so she will be satisfied and will- ing to give up her lnllk. it is also well tlult she should have had access to

clean. fresh water before milking.

Tile barn ill willier must be kept

lllollerlltcly warm and clean. Fifty de- ;:t'ccs is a fall' average for lt dairy barn. It may vary some for winter and sum-

mer.

, As for exercise, it is very essential that the dairy cow should have plenty

of it.

Sulnmcd up, then, the requirclncnts

of the dairy cow are good, wholesome food, regularity in feeding nlld lnilk- ing, good care nlld treatment and plenty of open air exercise. These con- stitute the essentials of successful

dairylug.

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Dipping Sheep. .

To rid sheep of external pnl'asltcs or

the scab mite they should be dipped in solno cfl"cclle'e dlp. Coal tar dips arc cl'i‘t-<'Il\'o, uohpolsonous lllld do not ordlllilrily iu_lure the wool. They are tllcrcforc collnlliercd nluohg ilie best. lil-fore using all dips should be tested. llix one tcnsponufni of the dlp with ilfty or seventy-live of water, accord- ing to dIl'cciious. Wrap n few ticks or bellbugs ill lt gauze and dip thcln In this lnixlllre for tllirty seconds. i‘heu place tlleln`undor lt tulublcr, anti. ii' all are not dead ill six hours the dip

is not strong enough. it should be llladc strong enough to nlllke n thirty' second dip eifcciive. Sheep are to be kcpt ill the dlp one minute. Flare the dlp ill the tlluk before the water, eo the nllxtul'l~ will be uniform. Tile best time to dlp is when the'

wool is one-fourth to one-half inch long. so that the dlp will adhere to

' time to remove the forms depends

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They Are Durable and I-iaaithtui For the Stock.

As the equipment of the farm and

dairy takes on an air ofpermanetlce commensurate with the well estab- lished plan of farm and dairy opera- tions instituted by industrious busi- 'ness farmers the tinai prolits of the place are distinctly increased. Perina- nellt material costs more at first than pcrlshltble construction, but where t-llc |business is to follow a tairly settled policy durability far more than rcpays the little extra first cost it necessi- tnies. Of all exasperating, short Iivvd ' tillllgs on the dairy farm cheap wood- en water troughs and tanks are aulong the worst. Collcl'ete tgnks ure pl'llc- tleally ladestraeuhle and never leak from age or from exposure to_the sun, Tile ilrst cost is practically the lust of this al~tliil~inl stone tank, so that the forest-,gilt to install it works an appre- cillble reduction in the annual ex- penses of dairy farm operation.

Tile conditions for mnklllg a trough

water tight are, tlrst, lt rlciler mixture of concrete than is required for ordi- nary work; second, enough water in mixing to give ll sloppy concrete. und. third. the placing of all concrete at one operation. it is cxtrelnely diillcult to make any structure water tight unless all three of the above conditions are complied with.

Tile best of concrete should be used.

.\iix one part of good cement to one | alld a lnllf parts of clean, course sand Ito thrw parts of screeuii gravel or brokeu stones. The llmount of excava-

tion necessary for the foundation de- pends llpon the size.

Place a two ulld a half inch layer of

concrete ill the form and ituuledlutely

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STOCK DRINKING FROM CONCRETE THOUGH.

after placing and before the concrete has set' place a sheet of woven fence wire or some other wire fabric over the concrete, bending it up so that it will conle to within au inch of the top of the forms at the sides and ends. -Place two and a quarter inches more 3 of the concrete ill the bottom and ralu ‘ Il_'.:iltly to brillg the mortar to the sur- face and smooth it off eveuiy.- The

llpou conditions, such as tho wetlloss of the concrete. the weather ami the temperature. Paint the inside surface with pul'e portland cement mixed as thick as cream.

The Best Type of Farm Ram.

Fnslliou and thc judgment of our

best breeders decree that the low down bloeky type ram. Ile tilat-weighs “heavier” than we thought, “the little big sheep," is the one wlllcil will bc sought these days of ncaa prime joints I of mutton. Look for brclldtll of loin, fllll brisket, deep body. masculine head and neck, strong legs, strong full twist, dcep tlcsh. thickness through the heart and thick level. well ict down flanks, strong constitution and all these good things clothed lu as Line, long and dense fleece as possible. lf coarscuess is on either side Iet_it be thu ewe rather than the rum. What we are lool:in;; for in our lambs are

"*lps of the old block."

he novice when selecting ll ram of

the Downs or other hornless breeds of shccp should be very careful not to select ' one with stubs--miniature horns, Althougll rams having sucllde- frcts are almost invariably robust nlld nulscuiino ill cllaracter and in lnally other ways desirable as flock headers, still stubs brand them as being of lu- ferlor breeding. Such animals nro gcllcrnlly uufnvorllbly noticed by show _vard judges. and they should in every instance be dlsquulliled.

iiollow backs, slack backs or bucks

with the “fatal” drop behind the shoulder are very serious detects ill rams. and caro should always be taken to avoid ltllinlals of this conformation, us, like so many other deformities, these are faults tllnt both rams and ewes allnost invariably transmit to their offsprillg.

Machine Milking. ` 'i`hl- milklu;; ulllchine docs not seem so uulvl\l‘sllily popular as the cream sl-pnt~a|or. nor is it so successful in l-\'ol'_v \vu_v. The owner of a machine mln.-t follow the mrlnufncturer's direc- llons clllrfllliy if he desires success. ’l‘hlr. makes it necessary to run the mnclllue himself or place it in the hands of most intelligent and skillful help. ,

inmlltless improvements will yet be

umlle which will remove some imper- fections and ditiiculties. One trouble is the diillcuity of cienn milking and the llecessity of some stripping by hand. Certain cows do not give down their milk completely to' the machine, while oi hers do. There is a difference

ilu- ill-ere. if the licks are present nt silt-nrln;: time the whole flock allould be dipped nt once tn prevent the tick; from actual: to tim iambe. _._ _J

with individual cows. There la also

Mm ana

atrden

BUILDING A STONE FENGE,

Connecticut Farmer Telle How is Uh in aewlam 'rust A»» °.. tt.. wa" One of the most ic ur .- in New England is fheessfixeslzflg' fence. The utilization of loose slonxl which otherwise incumber the groullli: for the construction of barriers tlet-ag. sary to farm life used to be ll ieulllp ‘industry in New England before thi advent of the barb wire fence. I-Even no\v many farmers extend their stone fences -just to get rid ot the rocks And

there are pgeélty of rocks in ',,q,,.,. parts of the untry that can he "seq to the same useful purpose,

Here, however, is ll brave turn,” F. H. Plumb of Tolland county, Cena' who goes further than picking up aaa' piling stones. He believes ill in-cllking up bowlders and using the fruglueatg for fence material. Says illr. Plumb;

An occasional boulder here and

there in a level, fertile tleld ought not to dlsheartea any robust, enthusiastic farmer from breaking them up and clearing them away. Dyanml¢e_ I sledge, a few chains and lt steady yokg of oxen or team of horses will work wonders in a short time in many e, tlcld.

A knowledge of rocks, however, will

prove of great assistance before work of any kind with them is undertaken. Some are apparently as hard as tliut; others so soft they can almost he crushed between the angers. Some have n grain similar to a log so they may be split by wedges and half rounds quite straight and true. Oth- ers will hammer or split into all sorts pf forms and sizes. But there are few stones a stone mason cannot trim into ally form he desires. - ,if we closely examine a bo\vider, say, three to six feet long, we may no-

L STONE WALL FENUE.

tice it has a grain its entire length and all the way through.

l noticed my stoneulasnn would take

a drill twelve inches long and three- quarters of an inch in diameter and, with a two or three pound haluluer mounted on a twenty inch handle, drill a hole six inches deep in tile howlder in ll few ullllutes, depending on the hllrdlless of the stolle. Then along the same scam of the rock another hola was drilled, and perhaps another and another. these holes being about six inches apart.

lilllf rounds and a wedge were then

inserted in each hole, the wedges gen- tly started, and then the entire length of wedges driven home evenly by luonns ofa twelve pound sledgc. With this treatment the big hard rocks <1-elncll to generally split evenly and stlaligltt through. If they did not. aft- cr the rock was split a few heavy. blows with the big sledge would knock off any protruding |‘lccrs.

But there is ll knack in knocking a

stone to pieces or trimming the stone with the side of a sledge hammer or of its cutting edge that takes tlln0» thought and observation to acquire. M_v job was this: Extending easterly.

:llong tlleroadway from my house will an old tumble down wail that was the most unsightly place to my family on the entire farm. The land inside the wall is about ideal for a rallk growth li’ timothy, and pient of stones of all azos. from a pebble tg enormous bowi- vlers, were there.

The snuliler bowlders, such as a

yoke of cattle could draw on a st0D9 boat, and all the smaller stones the boys and myself had picked off after the plowing of the past three sprllllll and hauled along the wall. Of c0u\'S9 this made the old wall look even \\'ol‘S0 lilan before, and all sorts of ivevdl :md brush began to grow up nmoulf IL As the wail lay, it was made up Uf stones of all sizes, many so biz Wei' had to be spilt or broken and used Bl l'ouudatlon pieces before work could

be begun. _ Ordlnnriiy for a new wall a strip Il plowed and dug out just below the frost line. As my wall was only t0 D* rebuilt this was unnecessary, for i had

n good foundation.

My wall was laid with a straigiif face on the road side, while on the field side rough cobbies without I straight face were set up at a slant 0!

about one foot to the four foot willi-

In no part of the wall were til0 stones just thrown or dumped ia. EV' ery stone was placed one at a time. 11° matter how small, and so placed tllllfif rested iirmly on its base, with as IIN-1°

tlppihg or loosencss as polsiblv- 'A wail put up in this careful mail-

ner ought to last several I¢U°"“°“" -ii

Record Corn Yield.

a llltfnrellce ia dan-ymen-who use mn- chinee_ some lacceed and some do noi. according to individual makeup.

in a corn growing contest in N070'

Carolina 227 btuheie were INV” one acre. It ia behaved till* f break! oihdill _l’l_U0l\il _ill_1|||l.W““

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tall in

FOREIGN NEWS OF WORLD WIDE li‘ilEREST‘ TO IILL CLASSES

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