gill

Jsiersl line quite arched above llspeetol-al fin (1) Common Hall-

flmnlsnd Halibut.

surly straight: (3) Canadian Plllice.

Pith left-handed: lateral line srdlsd over l:-- hoot part of dorsal (back) fin

- Front part of dorsal fine not fea- ilery. Rare. (5) Summer Flounder.

lllllls: under side of tail-base edgrd

stiles between eyes (9) Winter flounder.

. NEWSY

DAGIWOIA

73“U‘N rpzfrriansté of U113 Year Bill m Januuyhe Guardian an u" ‘W181i ufllartflsh caught- e11 WW“ ‘1;..h..<ilah' shores Th“ tern e dlfierent species, said the gave the P0911191‘ — ncs of each- lgwly interested. f0!‘ als flatfish had been Rustico Bay and I them. 1 slithered they WEIB T10 8.5 psevervafigé for food as they Wm England, where Brill, "m mrs Halibut. Plaice, Soles, mundehél; were 6118911)’ “"81" “P- sllll7lfn5h' without exception, are All l“ 105d, though some are beb-

l0!‘ yllllllmfwgéi}, m” swim like 12mg with their eyes nor- er laced‘. but, as the flatflsh “my ",,,.,'h. flat on the sand. “unfit-Ki; on the 0112MB side. and _ 1m oes om, ill" °“ mfigbtthtlcrslae" mlmtell" lll°'y£n,°§ely boll. eyes are on one "ll U... head. rt u. said that “l” "l. “their: ave "n13: (llletlgejii-Ilght” side, while sllflwma, mhablt warmer areas u and color 0n the “left" l“ Z3... Halibut the largest fish a“, Flounder family. h" ll‘ W“ ll c010,. on me "right" side. m ‘uucluml peculiarity has mm,“ use of in clasillylnl m? s. om- lcs have the otolor onmat was 0118B!- m gldQ as the fish but two. the hiriil aélld _ ~ F‘ under. v0 8 fill ilgnfilsllormer left. side. u?” ‘in of the mouth also Dlsyi m in the classification as. well the capture of the Flatfishea. M, will. small mouths are sel- w caught with hook Mid line, “(might be supposed absent un- m ,, drag-net, spear. or trap. ll

‘Till! usual, there is a 00111911011 u“ u... popular names: one species may be known by different m“ in different localities, or

m different species may have the m... name on different parts o_t “c0581.. In the subjolned "key‘ usofficial names are used-

“ y; relative abundance in thl mamas, the Canadian Plsioe and hgwllllfl‘ Flounder greatly excel “ml; the Greenland Halibut and mlirill are much soarcer. Wlllle tllslilmmer Flounder has only been molded once.

It: s most informative 96ml)!!- 3g his subject, the reader is glared to No. 2i of the ‘Progress Mm]; of the Atlantic Biological “limit. Andrews, N. B.“ issued q the Atlantic fisheries E!!!)ell- ugl station at. Halifax, N. S.

~flli0ltlllflfflmTflilg (A) MouthIA-rgo (i a) Tail more or less forked.

1 W55 lmm

W“ “mitt... muglll in

mum not; name

llilllsllt IEVQIId c Ill ff; the us “m; awfly.

11ml u... mil-iv might: (s)

(Ab) Tail rounded: fish righi-lsanded: lateral line

leathery in appearance (4) Brill

(B) Mouth lmallt

(Bu) Tall rounded: Back with many

rusty brown

llllow (t) Yellow-tail.

Under side of fish greyish in color:

mun iln almost black: 7 Witch. Colored surface ("back") smooth

lllllillvllell’ to the touch: No scales

tstween the eyes: (8) smooth flounder. Colored surface quite rough:

‘llle lateral line is the line along lllell-liddle of the upper surface. ‘lllesmllll fin just behind the head hi? upper surface, is the pector-

rlll’ llle strut-er part of the infor- Istlon in this article, I am in-

ltd to R. A McKenzie, mo, of lltitlantic Fisheries Experimental Blltlqn lit l-lalifa u. s. Mr. Mc- Klillle l/ery kindly checked over the ‘We lltl‘ to our flatfishes. I01‘ ‘llill the present writer takes this wlllllly of expressing his grazi-

-It ls also hoped that all who mlllllgfisted in our Maritime

l ' se

“mm ore m this key for

fllolmlc HOLLAND BULBS

hi") reply has yet appeared tn alklllmlllfs letter about the “l? 0f growing tulips, etc.

NOTES -

“We llBht on the subject. Holland formerly sent hyacinth, ngrolggug, Ind til-ill) bulbs all over the WOhd, and was enabled to do so very pro- lllallly is the climate and soil were ellmmely suitable. and labor was 9119911 The Dllllflll. l0‘). were very Ingenious In breeding new, high- class varieties of existing specaes, which sold at high prices for a year 0r We. till they became common. All this profitable commerce was brought to an end b; the German cogquest of ll-Ilosllanlgl.

Owevel‘. t st lpoesible to t 800d bulbs from England. thouggah not to the same extent. The clim- ate and soil of Cornwall and the Scllly Islands have been utilized for Wfllel)! fifty years in growing bul- bous flowers for the London Ina:- ket. and latterly East Arlglia has taken up bulb culture. These are the districts that bulb importers are relying upon now.

My observation tells me that aH the outdoor classes of bulbs, with the possible exception of hyacinths, will flourish and multiply here. I am not prepared to say what gar- den hyacinths (I-Iyacintlius orien- talis) will do, since I have never Brown them here. The grape- hyacinths and the English Wild Hyacint-hs (H. nutans) increase rapidly both by seeds and offsets.

As Mr. Hamming says, bulbs rilllst be planted in the fall: and it is usual to order them in June or July, for September or October planting. Personally I believe that none but the best and newest var- lQtlM. and unnamed mixed stock are in the same category as scrub cat- C.

; The bulb-grower must be prepar- ed to wait a year or two. before ex- pecting any returns from his ven- ture. I-le plants the bulb say (it the end of September. and it will flow- er the next spring. The leaves will mature and die down later, and when this occurs he may harvest. his bulbs. If the season has been favorable and the soil suitable the original bulb should be as large as at first and there should be a crowd of bul-blets to be transferred to a nursery bed and grown on for sale. 'I‘his will take two years, but with proper management there should be a saleable crop annually afterwards. It is not the growing of the bulbs but the marketing of them that is likely to test the worth of the pro- Ject. At this point my lack of ex- perience keeps me silent. The only one perhaps who can enlighten us as to the commercial value of bulb- growirlg is, I think, Mrs. Gordon MacMillazl of Cornwall, P. E. I., who has for s number of years dealt in high-class gladloll, etc. British Columbia has been ex- pel-imentaing on this very subject, sillce 1928, and the reader who is interested, will find Bulletin No. 95——New Series‘, entitled "Some Flowering Bulbs" very helpful as a record of progress. It is published for gratuitous distribution, by the Dominion Department of Agricul- ture, Ottawa.

Tilere is another branch of horti- culture which would be worth con- sidering-if it were not for the prevailing prices: I mean the grow- ing of vegetable and root seeds. Many such seeds came from Scot- land, France and some other of the European countries, but that source of supply is now closed down and will remain so for a considerable time even when peace is restored, British Columbia will be able to supply a portion of the amount required, since seed-grow;- irlg has been pursued in that Prov- ince for some years. Most. kinds of garden seeds can be grown here. without trouble: but. as far as my experience goes. the trouble was to get an adequate price for the pro- duct.

Agriculture In the North (5)

ev

I must quote again from the 1779 edition of De Bosh; "Tour through

Great Britain," in which thcsc ob- servations occur: “Before I take my leave of Northunlbcrland, I must remark that a spirit of improve- ment. in agriculture has extended itself greatly over the northern part. of it in particular. A few years ago little else was to be seen but barren wastes, now largo tracts of the country arc enclosed, and the land so well cultivated as to produce very good crops of corn (that is, grain) and grass. The

turnip husbandry is ll good deal practised. which is certainly one of the best, preparations for poor land. especially for corn. Neither is llle grass of this country to be despised: for that sweetest species of pasture, white clover, abounds among the natural grass, even on the highway little beyond Berwlck. I sluv and examined a field of lucern, (that ll. alfalfa) sown in drills, which flourished in a superior degree to most I have seen before in Eng- land. and the barley in that neigh-

g GUARDIAN

Weekly Live

Cattle buyers ing down on pl-

50 cents

Oat/tie TORJONTQ) drld butcher

about steady

cows were f

choice cattle.

fed calves.

to stronger with

now to some extent.

monks bearing the

her cows.

a. sculpture on the depicted in stone,

modern “Shortllorn"

the north country. Mucll nt‘ the independence. and

through the

bourhood was as fillc and strong as could possibly 23v." I have sometimes heard folks on

“Q1 endeavor to throw a.

OThl

dorsed cation

cllnadian Nature, 175

that is making nature e0 P" "l"- Its fascinating articles an tures about birds, mammals, flowers, trees, and other nature subjects, and four-color reproduc- tions of eminent nature pnllltlllfi‘! make an ideal gift and a clean and

wholesome mnllfllllle “(lllcll l‘ needed in every home. Five num- bers yearly.

O Canadian Nature has been en-

tho Girl Guides and Boy Scout!- su l; “d”! ce ted Money’ year. ummcy ac_ - refunded if not satls ed after I0- eeiving the first issue.

s is the beautiful magazine

pic-

b the Dqipr-tmenta of Edu- o every rovince, also b7

Only $1.00 n

Jarvis St, Toronto

|s:l\v were the

Market Report

lioes opened stead

but the trade sowed down and all steers were 15 cents

_ cents lower by Welghty steers sold at $8 $7.25 to men had di ficulty in maintaining prices on steers at MONTREAL and two loads or more were left unsold. Plices on steers were down 25 cents or more with other

Stock

SUMMARY

nerally were bear- fcfls dmng m u, IAIIBHFIILD. week and. under slow trading. rom 15 cents to 25 cents was shaved off values at major markets. Most oi.’ "l9 Pressure W35 on steer prices. Winnipeg proved an exception and. Sl-flllled a good comeback from recent: declines, all killers gaining 25 cent-s . ‘llle calf market sus- tained futther losses. notelbly in the are: "it": "l" oen . og prcea were un- changed to a little stronger and sheep and lambs sold steady.

EASTER-N CATTLE PRICES LOWER

at. the close. to $9.25 $8.60. Sales

cattle steers moved

out at $9 t a top of $9.50. while with good kinds at- it C to $7. in the MARITUMFS. 300d to choice steers were quoted at $9.- 35 to $9.50 but there continues to be a decided shortage of good and

VATTLE PRICES VARIABLE IN WEST

Recent 105893 in the WIINNIPEG market were regained under sl htly reduced deliveries and all klling classes advanced 25 cents 50 cents- under a keen local demand. The better grades of steers rated $8.75 to $9 and cows reached the highest point of the current season. better grades selling at $8 to 0 and odd sales a little higher. Sult- able stockers were in demand at $6.50 to $7. CALGARY was slow and 25 cents lower on steers and

$6.5

toher steers

made $8 to 58-50 and tops $8.75. While EDMONTON was slow order buyers cleaned the pens at about steady prices, best steers ‘baking g8 llo $8.25 and the high at $8.5 . Other western markets were steady

top sales at

PRJENCE AIEBERT "reaching $7.50 and $7.75 on steers, ASKAIOON

and 5 $3.50 and VANCOUVER. $8.50 to Odd $9.25.

MOOSE JAW 9B. REGINA l!)

UNITED STATES MARKET

Recent ealas on United States markets have been few. During the past week a few lots of Ca-na- dian steers sold at Buffalo between $10.50 and $11.50, with one small lot. at. $9.50. The only recent quot- ation from St. Paul was for medium to good bulls at $7 to $7 50, with no other Canadians quoted.

Exports to the United States dur- ‘ilhte past week consisted of 1.539 beef cattle, 190 dairy and 690 calv- es. Shipments from January 1st

this side talking of the British far- mer being "behind the times”; but here we have the testimony of an observant man of letters, that the Norihumbriarls knew the value of rotations, used root-crops, and grew alfalfa just 162 years ago. We are only getting the last under way

The northern farmer is essentially a stockman, and has been so from prehistoric times. There is a curi- ous old legend which says that the

body 0f St.

Cutllbert from the fury of the Dan- iall invaders, were directed to Dur- ham by a woman who was seeking That was in the year 995. When Durham Cathedral was built this legend was alluded to by

north side.

where a cow and two women are

Perhaps, as

Darwin and others thought, these ancient cattle were the tamed des- cendants of the Boa Urus, a great Wild Ox that once roamed the for- ests of Northern Europe. 'I‘llcy were the progenitors of the Ox" of th eighteenth century; all animal of largo size and high milk yield, but coarse-boned and with in- ferior meat even for those days. But the breeders were even then at. work and the development of the

“Dill-Elam

come as the

msult of careful select-ion and in- breeding: now the breed has ai- tnined an unchallenged position in

Border Country lends itself not to the production of beef and milk. but to the breed- ing and grazing of vast numbers of sheep, Hardly a book Oll this dis- trict fnils to mention the hill farm- ers and shepherds whose hardiness,

COUIBQB, S“!

worthy of their gallant ancestors who once live by spear and sword. It was only ill holiday rambles wilder parts of the country that tile writer was brought into contact with this great indus-

try. The best-looking sheep that I

origin was obscure.

"Chevlots"

but was be-

lieved io be indigenous: they were

tvlllie-laced. prick-cared.

and of

quite aristocratic appearance! They lead. it was said, been improved, a- bout 1756. by the introduction of a

main from Lincolnsh

ire.

Another Northumbrian sheep, of

mixed blood, Lcicestersllire,"

W85

which

the “Border

you pro-

nounce LES-ter-shir! It was a cross between the old long-wooled Tees-

shire.

fllvnter sheep and the true Leicester-

The Black-faced sheep sometflnca

seen, are generally

regarded as

"Scotch" sheep. and are often given

lllfll. name:

though their country

oi‘ origin is open to dispute. Before leaving the subject I must notice the picturesque and tough

_ little Hcrdwlck sheep

that Iilld a

lhomc on the mountains of Cum- lberland Tile story goes that forty small sheep managed to save them- selves. from a wrecked Spanish Armada whic ashore on the sandy beach at Dlgg.

‘gaucon of the had run

(i588). They were claimed by the

lord of the manor a1 flotsam’ Ind lll" °ll°’l“l= “l Mmllmll gefsam. while the Spanish sailors were allowed to perish, because of a superstition that n rescued brings bad luck to the rescuer. The l-lerdwicks are the descendants of =tho Spanish sh!!!)-

DCPSOII

down 50

whose |

led ke lWinnipeg mid a top Calgary til. lMoose Jaw $9

l 2 CONSERVATION I

l WQKLI COLUMN OI PBAUHOAI. OPINIONS OI ‘l’!!! VITAL ISSUES AFTICTING THE USE! AND LBUSIS OP NATURAL RESOURCES BI

Ml. LUDLOW JENKINS.

wuhuuo AND run wan (ahu-steel-mp League News)

How soon will it. be before we shall see the Last of the mall fill-Hm“ o1 the we, _ the ponderous dark creature which rears its bulk out of the depths of the ocean and d15- ports itself in sight of trans-Atlantic slfps to the delight and wonder o! all who may be lucky elloushuto ell- swer to title call of “WHAl-El

Todary. due to increased demand for oils and fats for ammunition making. for use in substitute foods etc. whale oil now sells for much more than double the price that ll did s short time ago; while increas- ing lack of faith in and respect for international agreements a5 wen 5,5 the exigences of the WM‘ make the world-wide coolwmlvn in reg-lusting whaling, which is the only hope for the whales. seem more and more impossibly remote- ‘Iihe following extract from an em in the Decemlber 1939 number of the (British) Journal 0f the 3°6-

t

iety for the Protection of the Fauna uation for the whales. whose alm0st

lete ‘ lination seems like- ly. to be one more of the cflmfifi of which those who have forced the

“It. has not been pcssibfe to plete information as to

number of expeditions which have been fitted out in each country. no, German expedition will be fill- gaged. It mav also be assumed fit/ted out everfy factory ship and catcher that is it to make the jour-

hand lances in action. The oil PN- duced in 1946 by American crew-S from twenty-seven pozts, accordng to Starbucks tables of the year 1878. totaled 302.918 barteis of th-lllY-Qne and one-half gallons. Taking inw account the average yield 0! l-lle species forming the prey._this might indicate a kill of approximately 7 - 530 whales by ships under our flas-

“Such figures pale into insignific- ance when compared with those f0:- the recent world catch as issued by the committee for

International Whaling Statistics. appointed by the NOYWB- gian government. and published an- nually at Oslo. ‘The columns for 1937-38 alone show a slaughter 0f 54-664 whales. the largest number ever killed; 46.039 of these were lak- en in Antractic waters within a sunrmer period extending from Def!- ember into March. the remaining 8.625 during part of all of a twelve- month season in the Arctic, the North Pazfliic. the North Atlantic. along the African coast and off the sores of South America and Algal- ralia. The number o1 whales killed in all waters between the seasons of 1919 and 1939. inclusive reaches the sta ring total of 543.622, De- tails o oil production. in barrels_ of the modem fifty-gallon capacity. are available for a longer period; between 1909 and 1938 it summed up to 40.257370!) barrels. . . .

"More than 11.000 men are 110W engaged in Antarctic whaling the oil from Antarctic waters totaled during the latest season of record more than half a million tons. lMlllCIl fetched an average price of $65 a ton. 01‘ only 50 per cent of the lowest mean

of the Empire clearly 8110175 llle ‘ll- comp

world into this war are guilty. t m. fie It seenls reasonable to assume that that the Norwegian whalem have ney to the Antarctic Ocean and l0

Japanese propose to send more eX- peditions than ever before. There is some reason to think that they eX- this smlson to have the mvn ly 0f Antarctic. whaling. As to Ht. they will certalny be disappointed.

“We know that ellzht British ex- peditions are on their way (it should perhaps. be explained that an ex- pedition consists of a factory ship with it; attendant catchers — hall a dozen or more). and two from South Africa. ‘Ilhere is no informs.- tion available as to the intention of American or ‘Argentine companies; but, it seems improbable that they will forego so valuable an opiwrl- un‘tv.

_ ‘lNormarllfly. the higher the price of oil the greater I5 the danger to the whale population and it is ob- vious that the present danaer l8 great. Unfortunately also the war [prevented the confirmation of the

ents reached at the whaling lconferenoe held in London in the summer of this year.

With so many expeditions (even with Germany out of the hunt) on their way the outlook for the whales is nflne too hopeful . . . the British expeditions will observe all the regulations of the Convention